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UNIVERSITY 


FROM THE LIBRARY OF 


Dr. MARTIN KELLOGG. 
GIFT OF MRS. LOUISE B. KELLOGG. 


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TUG H.-H 


WORKS REFERRED TO. 


fElianus. 

ZEschines, Dobson’s (Stephan 5 

ZEschylus, Dindorf’s. 

Alczus, Melhorn’s, 1827. 

Alcidamas, Dobson’s (Reisk.). 

Anacreon, Brunck’s ; also Bergk’s 
Fragments, 1834. 

Andocides, Dobson’s (Reisk.). 

Anthologia Greca, Palatini Codi- 
cis, 1819. 


Antiphon, Dobson’s (Reisk. ). 
Apollonius Rhodius, Brunck’s, 
1810. ἢ 


Aratus, Buhle’s. 

Archilochus, Gaisford’s. 
Aristophanes, Dindorf’s. 
Aristoteles, Bekker’s. 
Atheneus, Leipzig, 1834. 
Bekker’s Anecdota Greca. 
Bion, Leipzig, 1825. 

Brunck’s Analecta. 
Callimachus, Blomfield’s, 1815. 
Ctesias, Schweighzuser'’s. 
Demades, Dobson’s. 
Demosthenes, Dobson’s (Reisk.). 
Dinarchus, Dobson’s soe ) 
Diogenes Laertius. 

Dionysius Halicarnasseus. 
Euripides, Dindorf’s. 
Hephestion. 

Herodes Atticus, Dobson’s. 
Herodotus, Schweigheuser’s. 
Hesiodus, Goettling’s, 1831. 
Hippocrates, Linden’s, 1665. 
Homeric Hymns. 


lias. 

Iseus, Dobson’s (Reisk.). 

-Isocrates, Dobson’s (Stephan.) 

Longinus. 

Lucianus. 

Lycurgus, Dobson’s (Reisk.). 

Lysias, Dobson’s (Reisk.). 

Moschus, Leipzig, 1825. 

Naumachius, Gaisford’s. 

Nicander. ~ 

Novum Testamentum. 

Odyssea. 

Oppianus. 

Orphica, Hermann’s. 

Palephatus, Fischer’s, 1789. 

Panyasis, Gaisford’s. 

Phocylides, Gaisford’s. 

Pindarus, Donaldson’s, 1841. 

Plato, variorum, London, 
(Reference to §, generally.) 

Plutarchus, Wyttembach’s (Mora- 
lia), and Coray’s (Vite). 

Pythagoras, Gaisford’s. 

Sappho, Neue’s, 1827. 

Septuaginta Interpretes. 

Simonides, Schneidewin’s, 1835. 

Sophocles, generally Dindorf’s. 

Theocritus, Leipzig, 1825. 

Theognis, Gaisford’s. 

Theophrasti Characteres, 
1816. 

Thucydides, Arnold’s. 

Tyrteus, Gaisford’s. 

Xenophon, Schneider’s. 


1826. 


Ast’s, 


r 


~WORKS CONSULTED. 


Boeckh’s Corpus Inscriptionum 
᾿ς Grecarum. 

Budei Commentarii Lingue Grece, 
1548. : 
Buttmann’s Greek Giramuni and 

Lexilogus. 
Carmichael’s Greek Verbs. 
Clemens Alexandrinus, Potter’s. 
Dawe’s Miscellanea Critica. 
Eckhel’s Doctrina Numorum Vete- 
rum. 
Ellendt’s Lexicon to Sophocles. 
Etymologicum Magnum. 
Eustathius, Rome, 1542 -- 1550. 
Gregorius Corinthius, Schefer’s, 
1811. 
Gruter’s , Corpse Siisevibtiebiine: 


Hesychius. 

Maittaire’s Greek Dialects, 1807. 
Matthiew’s Greek Grammar. 
Meris. 

Phrynichus. 

Priscianus, Putchius’s, 1605. 
Richardon’s Dictionary. 

Rose’s Inscriptiones Greece, 1825. 
Stephens’s Thesaurus. 

Sextus Empiricus. 

Suidas, 

Thiersch’s Greek Grammar. 
Thomas Magister. 

Villoison’s Anecdota Girton, 1781. 
Vossii Etymologicum, 1695. 
Webster’s Dictionary, 4to. 


REMARKS. 


COMMUTATION OF CERTAIN LETTERS. 


§ 1. The picamma was the sixth letter of the old Greek 
alphabet. - In most of the ancient inscriptions it is represented 
by ΕἾ, the same as the Roman £’; hence its name digamma 
(dis, γάμμα), that is, two capital gammas united. Its real name 
is Bav, which is nothing more than Vav or Vau (4), the cor-. 
responding letter of the Oriental alphabet, 


Dionysius the Halicarnassian (Roman. Antiq. 1, 20) con- 
siders it equivalent to the diphthong or or the Latin V. 
We may suppose then that F had the sound of the English W,. 
or the Latin V as the Romans pronounced it; and that, in the: 
time of Dionysius, the diphthong ov was sounded like French. 
ou, or English 00, as in moon. Compare the exclamation 
ovai, Latin ve, English wo or woe. 


Herodotus in one instance (4, 110) represents it by the 
diphthong oO7 (if the reading be genuine). He states that οὐόρ 
in the Scythian language means ἀνήρ, man; which seems to 
be nothing more than the Teutonic wer, and Latin vir. 


It is supposed further that the proper name ᾿Οἱλεύς was origi-- 
nally Fidevcs. Ifso, F was changed into 0. Pindar (Olym.. 
9, 167) has “Tada, for ᾿Οἱλιάδα, of the son of Oileus. 


Hesychius and other glossarists represent it by B or I, 
probably because in their time β was pronounced like v, and 
y had the Romaic sound. Most of the digammated words. 
contained in the following list are to be found in Hesychius. 


AA, original theme AFARQ* ἀάβακτοι, aBloBeic,.that is, 
adoro. Compare ἀνάτα, that is, αΕατα (uu-), for the 
ee ὅν Pind. Pyth. 2, 53; 8, 42. See also below 

. 1, 3). 

dyvuut— FAT 2’ Bayos, κλάσμα ἄρτου, that is, τὸ ἄγος ". ya 
κτός, κλάσμα. See also the following. t 

ἄγω -- Εαγω" Ba γ ος, βασιλεύς, στρατιώτης, that is, ὃ ἀγός.. 


Q2 REMARKS, 


Compare Latin vagus, vagor, veho, vagabundus, English 
wagon, wain, vagabond. See also the preceding. 

ἅλις --- Εαλις γάλι, ἱκανόν. 

ἄναξ --- Foavas, Dionys. Hal. Rom. Απίϊᾳ. 1, 20. 

ἁνδάνω —FAINQ* βάδομαι, ἀγαπῶ γαδεδᾷν, χαίρειν" 
γαδεώ, χαρά" γαδεῖν, χαρίσασθαι" γάδεσϑαι, ἥδεσθαι" 
γάσσαν, ἡδονήν, formed from F442 after the analogy of 
δόξα (δοκσα) from δοκέω (JOKL2). Compare γαίω, γαῦρος, 
γηϑέω, Latin gaudeo, gaudium, English gay. 

ἀνήρ --- Ἐανηρ, Dionys. Hal. Rom. Antig. 1, 20. 

γαστήρ — FASTHP: γέντερ, κοιλία, the same as the Latin 
venter, Compare German Wanst, English waist. 

δείδω —FAEIN: βδέλλων, τρέμων ἢ βδέων" BSVALELY, δε- 
διέναι, τρέμειν" ἢ βδεῖν. It seems then that δείδω is con- 
nected with βδέω. (Compare Arist. Plut. 698, ὑπὸ τοῦ 
δέους βδέουσα δριμύτερον γαλῆς 1) 

ἔαρ, 70 -- Εεαρ, Εηρ᾽ γέαρ, ἔαρ. Compare Latin ver. 

ἐάω —eFaw* ἔβασον, ἔασον, aor. imperat. 

ἔδω, to eat — Fedw* γέσμα, γεῦμα, that is, ἔδ- μα, after the 
analogy of goue from ἄδω. Compare Saxon fed-an, English 
feed, fed, food, fodder. | 

t90—Fedtow* βεσόν, ἔϑος" γηϑία, ἤϑη, analogous to 
ΕἼἜτια from ἔτος, in the Orchomenian inscription. 

EIAN or I42— FEIAN or FIAN* γισάμεναι, εἰδέναι, for 
ἰσάμεναν (ἰσάναι) from ἔσᾶμι᾽ yotdnur, ἐπίσταμαι, from 
οἶδα. Compare Latin video, English wit, wot, wise, wis- 
dom. 

εἴκοσι, Doric εἴκατι --- Εεεκατι" βείκατι, εἴκοσι. The Or- 
chomenian inscription has Frxar:. Compare the Latin 
vigintt. ; 

sixw, yield, give way—Feixm’ βεικηλά, νωχελῆ, ἀχρεῖα" 
γίξαι, χωρῆσαι, that is, εἶξαι. Compare English weak, Ger- 
man schwach, weich. 

εἴλω, εἰλέω, EAT, ἑλίσσω --- FEAL: γελέίκη, ἕλιξ, connected 
with élicow’ γελέξαι, συνειλῆσαι, from ἑλίσσω" γέλουτρον, 
ἔλουτρον, from 5.37.2. Compare Latin volvo (the original 
form of EATN), volumen, English wallow, welter, German 
walzen. 

EIMMQ or EDQ—FEIMN or FEMN* γίπον, εἶπον. The 
Elean inscription has Fog for ἔπος. Compare Latin voco, 
vox (ow), English voice. : 

ing — Fexac’ Beixasc, μακράν" βεκῶς, μακρόϑεν. 

ἑκών --- Εεκων" yexada, ἑκοῦσα. 

ἑλέσσω, 866 εἴλω. ; 


COMMUTATION OF CERTAIN LETTERS. 3 


finw — Εελκω, FEAQ* γέλλαι, τἴλαι, aorist infinitive. -Com- 
pare Latin vello, vellico, English pull. 

ἔλπω — F edn’ γέτις, ἀνὰ The Potidean monument has 
HEAMNT4, that is ἐλπίδ᾽, for the common ἐλπίδα. Compare 
the English help? , 

EAN, see siho. 

‘EAN, to take —FEAN°* γέντο, for ἕλετο" γέννου, for ἑλοῦ. 

ἕννυμι --- FER: γεῖϑρον, ἔνδυμα " γέμματα, ἱμάτια " γεστία, 

ἔνδυσις᾽ γέστρα, στολή" γῆμα, ἱμάτιον. The Etymologi- 

cum Magnum has βέστον Y nelioh ἱμάτιον. Compare 
Latin vestis (ἐσθής), velum (1) English vest. 

ἘΠ.Ώ, see EWTN. 

EPT2, work— FEPT2* γαβεργός, ἔργου μισϑωτός. The 
Elean inscription has Fagyoyv, that is, ἔργον. Compare 
English work (ἔοργα), German Werk. 


woe 


£000 — Fegoo or FEP2Q* Bag dst, ἀπολεῖ" βέῤδῥης, δραπέτης" 
βεῤδεύει, δραπετεύει. The Etymologicum Magnum has 
Béons, δραπέτης " βερηδεύει, δραπετεύει. See also ἔῤῥω in 
the Catalogue. νι 

ἔτος --- Fetoc’ γέτος, ἐνιαυτός " γέτορι; ἔτει. The Elean .1η- 
scription has Εξετεα, the Orchomenian Fetve, for ἔτεα. 
Compare Latin vetus, vetustus. 

EN, to seat — FE 2° γέννου, κάϑιξζε, 

ἦϑος, see ἔϑω. 

ἥλιος --- Ελιος" βέλα, ἥλιος, καὶ αὐγή᾽ βελλάσεται, ἡλιωϑή- 
σεται " γέλαν, αὐγὴν ἡλίου" γελοδυτία, ἡλιοδυσία. Also 
ἀβέλιον, ἥλιον, that 15, ἀέλιον. According to Eustathius 
(ad Odys. 10, 192), the Pamphylians said βαβέλιος for ἥλιος, 
or rather ἀέλιος. The form ἀβέλ-ιος seems ἴο ὉΟπΠίδιη the ele- 
ments of ᾿ζπέλλων commonly ‘Ancdlov, A pollo. ‘For ᾿Ἵπέλλων, 
see Eustath. ad Il. 2, 103. 

ἴσος ---- Frcos’ Biwe, ἴσως, σχεδόν " γισγόν, ἔσον. The com- 
pound ΕἸσοτελιαν, for ἐσοτέλειαν, is found in an ancient 
inscription (Rose’s Inscript. Gree. tab. 45). The form 
_ yoyév implies that ἔσος was originally Fuo Fos. ἡ 

οἶκος --- Fouxos, Dionys. Hal. Rom. Antiq. 1,20. Compare 
the Latin vicus. 

οἶνος --- Fouvog* γοῖνος, οἶνος. Compare Latin vinum, Eng- 
lish wine. 

οὗ, of him — Fou: γίο, αὐτοῦ, that is fo° γῷ, ἑαυτῷ, ἰδίῳ, καὶ 
σῷ γέν, σοί, that is, ἔν. ---- See also Priscian (p. 546, Putsch.), 
IVéotoga δὲ Ε οὗ παιδός. 

ῥόδον --- Εροδον᾽ Beoda, ῥόδα. : 

ῥόπαλον --- Εροπαλον" βράκαλον. For the commutation of 
a and x, see below (ᾧ 7). | 


4 REMARKS, 


4, 1. In many words the digamma was changed into 
h ( ). Evg. 
“Ἑλένη, for Fedevn, Dionys. Hal. Rom, Antiq. 1, 20; Pris- 
cian. P. 546, Putsch. 
ἑσπέρα, ἑστία, Latin vespera, vesta. 
ἡγέομαι, from ἄγω (Fayw)* ἵστωρ, from 142 (Fld). 


2. In a few instances F seems to take the place of h ("). 
Thus ἰσχύν (originally ἱσχύν) becomes βισχύν ΟΥ̓ γισχύν, in 
Hesychius. Also yrorigy, istovgyot* γιστιῶ, παύσομαι, both 
from ἵστημι, in the same glossary. 


§ B. 1. The digamma F has 7 for its corresponding vowel, 
by which we mean ‘that when F (υ, w) is attenuated, it becomes 
r (U, or 00, as in moon). E. g. 


αὔξω (ATT), Latin augeo, vigeo, vegeo. 

devw, English dew. 

dvo, Latin duo, duellum, English two, twain, twin, twice. 

EAT, volvo, volutus. 

λευρός, λεῖος, lewis or levis (smooth). 

γαῦς, navis, navy : νεῦρον, nervus, nerve. 

nipavoxw, from AN, originally ®AF2. Compare the 
Pamphylian φάβος for φάος (Eustath. ad Odys. 10, 192); 
also the proper name “Ζημοφάξων for Anuopawy (Pris- 
cian. p. 546). 

πνέω, πλεύμων, πνεύμων, Saxon blowan, English blow. 

δέω, ῥεῦμα, rivus, river. 

‘PTN, ἐρύω, Latin Se-rvo: huw, so-lvo. 


So auceps, from avis, capio; monui, for monvi (monevi), 
from moneo; fautor, from faveo. 


ὦ, On the other hand, r (U) may be hardened into its 
corresponding consonant Ε΄ (v, w). Εἰ. g. peruke, periwig, 
wig; leutenant, pronounced lutenant, levtenant, lvtenant, 
liftenant, &c. 


We remark further, that the Romaic diphthongs av, ev, nu, 
before a vowel, a liquid (2, μ, ν, 0), ora middle mute (8, γ, δὶ, 
are pronounced essentially like av, ev, cev. In all other cases, 
like ag, ep, np. That is, v in these diphthongs i is a consonant, 
v, or f. 


3. It is believed by many that the diphthongs αὖ, ev, nv, 
arose out of aF, sF, 7F, by the attenuation of Ε΄, “Ina 
later age,” says Thiersch (Greek Gram. § 16), “ the original 
pronunciation of ev and av returned universally, so that the 


COMMUTATION OF CERTAIN LETTERS. 5 


sounds ew and au disappeared from the speech of the modern 
Greeks.” According to this hypothesis, there was a time 
when αὖ, ev, nv, were pronounced aF, ἐξ΄, 7F, respectively ; 
asaPFos, δέξω, ἡ δον, for αὖος, devw, ηὗδον. ‘Then, as the 
Greeks became more civilized, and their ears more delicate, 
the vowel v took the place of its less civilized colleague F. 
But when the language began to decline, the Greeks unani- 
mously, and probably on the same day, adopted the ante-Ho- 
meric pronunciation of these diphthongs. This hypothesis is 
not as satisfactory as it might be ; we propose the following. 


We have every reason to believe that in many words (not in 
all) the syllables which are represented by av, sv, nv, were 
originally pronounced aF, ἘΚ, 7F. Thus, there was a time 
when rave, παῦρος, αὐάταν, Ζεύς, were pronounced γα ς, πα- 
Ερος, αξαταν, ZeFs (compare Latin divus). .In fact, 
ἀνάταν in Pindar is an anapest (υ v —), not a creticus (— vu --); 
which clearly shows that av in this word is not a diphthong 
(δ 1). In course of time, the educated in general, and the 
Athenians in particular, softened «F and eF into av and ev, 
and pronounced av like ow in out, and ev like eh’-00 (rapidly) ; 
we mean to say, that they spelled as they pronounced. ,y The 
mass of the people however —the uneducated, of course — 
who are always averse to changes in language, never troubled 
themselves about refinements, and continued to pronounce «F , 
Ε΄, and »F after the manner of their forefathers, not even 
excepting contracted words, as αὔω from avw, εὖ from év, ἔπλευ 
from ἔπλεο. 


4. It may be remarked here that 7 (as in machine) when 
hardened becomes y as in you (Italian 7). So that 7 has the 
same relation to 7, that ~ (as in bull) has to τσ (v, F). Per- 
haps the Greek » when followed by a vowel was often hard- 
ened ; still we cannot suppose that it had the power of an 
ordinary consonent. E. g. 3 


ἱερεύουσ᾽ pronounced ἠερεύουσ᾽, Odys. 14, 94. 
πόλιος, nodyos, Il. 2, 811. 

“στίαιαν, στψαιαν, 1]. 2, 537. 

qo, nya, Odys. 5, 266. 


Perhaps the endings - ὦ, -,oduo, of the future, were in com- 
mon conversation often pronounced by synizests nearly like 
“YO, -you-mat, 


§ 4. In a few instances, F was changed intog. This is 
denied by Buttmann. ΕἸ, g. 
1 * 


6 REMARKS. 


σφέ, σφίν, σφός, σφῶι, for oF e, oF tv, oF os, oF we. 
σφέλας, German Schwelle (threshold). 
φολκός, Latin valgus ? 


ᾧ δ, 1. We may suppose that words which in the old 
language —the theoretical parent of Greek, Latin, Gothic, 
Saxon, German, English, and other kindred languages — 
began ‘with ΣΕ (sv, sw), not unfrequently drop one of these 
consonants. ΕἾ, when σ is dropped, is often changed into ἢ 
(“); see above (ᾧ 2). Sometimes both consonants disappear. 
This hypothesis seems to be necessary because it is easier to 
believe that > or F is in-certain instances dropped, than that 
a labial is changed into Σ᾽, and vice versa. For example, it is 
more satisfactory to suppose that SF EKTPO > (German Schwi- 
her) became Greek Fexvgog (now written ἑχυρός), Latin 
socer, Italian swocero, than that the labial Ε΄ (v, w) was 
changed into s. 


SFA gives ‘AAN, avdavw, ἀδύς, βαδύς, Latin suavis (and per- 
haps suadeo), -English sweet. 

SF 4AA— ἄλλομαι, βαλλίζω, πάλλω, Latin ballistea, salio, Italian 
ballo, English ball (dance). 

ΣΕΛ — σαίρω, σύρω, ἕρπω, ἔῤῥω, Latin verro, serpo, erro, 
Romaic σβαρνίζω (to drag). 

SFAT or SFAd— AIAN or AJEN (to be sated), Latin satur, 

_ satis, English sate, and wad? Also ἅλις (Fades); for the 
commutation of ὃ and λ,, compare δάκρυον, ect) ; Odve- 
σεύς, ᾿Ολυσσεύς (Eustath. p. 289, |. 388, Rom.), Ulysses ; the 
augmentative prefixes da-, λα-; Deca: λάσιος. 

ΣΕῈ Δ --- ἕδος, ἕζομαι, ἵζω, σατίνη, σέλμα, σφέλας, ER (to seat), 
Latin sedeo, sedo, sido, sedes, sedile, sella, solum (1), English 
seat, set, sit, sell, saddle, sill, settle, soil (1), German Schwelle. 

SFEO— ἔϑω, ἐθίζω, ἔϑος, ἔϑνος, Latin suesco. Connected 
with the preceding. 

SFELK — sixw (to yield; give way), οἴγω, βεικηλά, German 
schwach, weich, English weak. 

ΣΕΕΚ PP — wopee (Fexvooc), Latin socer, Italian swocero, 
German Schwdaher. 

SFEA— ἥλιος, ἀέλιος, βαβέλιος, ἀβέλιος, "Anédhooy commonly 
"Andhhwr, βέλα, βελλάσεται, σέλας, σελήνη, γέλα, γελοδυτία, Latin 
sol. See above (ᾧ 1). 

FEA, different from the preceding — ἕλος (Ε ελος), πηλός, 
σέλινον (ἐλεόϑρεπτον σέλινον, 1]. 2, 776), Latin palus, English 
pool, puddle (1), Romaic βάλτος (swamp, marsh). For ἕλος, 
see Dionys. Hal. Rom. Antiq._1, 20. 


COMMUTATION OF CERTAIN LETTERS. 7 


SFEAA or SFEAK — ἕλκω, γέλλαι, Latin vello, vellico, sul- 
cus (ὁλκός), English pull. 

SFE — inw, ἕπομαι, ἔσπον (εσεπον), Latin sequor, Italian 
seguire, French suivre, English seek. 

SF EP — εἴρω (to join), Fevonve for εἰρήνη (Priscian. p. 546, 
Putsch.), Latin sero. om ' 

SF EX—‘EXN, ἔχω, ἔσχον (εσεχο»). ὁ 

SFI— IN, εἶμι, inu (EN), iw, ΣΕΥ, Latin eo, ire, venio, 
via, sino(?), English way, went (wend), send; all implying 
going, coming, or their causatives. 

=F r— cis, ic, Latin sus, English swine, sow. 

SFr4— ὕδωρ, ἱδρόω, Latin sudo, English water, wet, sweat ; 
Phrygian βέὲδυ (water), Clem, Alex. p. 673. 

=F rP— σφυρόν, Latin sura? 


2. ‘“ The Epic word κελαινός," says Buttmann (Lexil. ᾧ 69), 
‘exhibits in sound so evident a connexion with the common 
word μέλας, μέλανος, μέλαινα, that it is impossible to avoid con- 
sidering it to be a dialectic variety ; and the only wonder is 
how two letters [u, x] which appear to have 80 little affinity 
could change from one to the other... .. Most cases of this 
kind may be explained by supposing that in the old language 
there existed a form containing bothtetters; and @ leave the 
inquiry still open for particular cases, as to whether the fuller 
form was the parent of the two others, or whether it was onl 
the form which one took in its transition to the other.” We 
think the former hypothesis is simpler, and therefore more 
satisfactory than the latter. 


The following roots contain both consonants ; generally 
speaking, the modified form is more common than the original. 


I'NO or KNO gives TINO, INOER, KNOEN, νοέω, xovvéw, 
κοέω, Latin nosco, English know, Saxon cnawan. — For the 
omission of y after x, compare χγάμπτω, xountw. — For the 
commutation of x and y before », compare γγαφεύς, xvageve* 
γνάμπτω, κνάμπτω" Τνωσός, Kywods’ κνέφας, γνόφος, Romaic 
σύ-γνεφον (νέφος) ; Γναῖος, Cneius ; γόνυ, Latin genu, English 

nee; κύκνος, cycnus or cygnus. 

AF O or TF O— δύο, δύω, dic, Fuxate or βείχατι, εἴκοσι, Latin 
bis (pvis, vis), duellum, bellum (DVELLUM, VELLUM), viginti, 
English two, twain, twin, twice, twenty. , 

ἝἜΡΑΓ--- FATA, ‘PATO, ἄγνυμι, δήγνυμι, Latin frango, 
English wreck, rag, break, German brechen. — Compare 
German Rasen, Wasen (provincial), Wrasen (Hessian). 
Buttmann’s Lexilog. § 69. 5. | 

KF APH or KF AW — καρπαλίμως, κάπτω, ἅρπη, donate, apy, 


8 ι REMARKS. 


ἅπτω, βράψαι, Latin carpo, capio, rapio, rapax, English 
carp, rap (to seize), Saxon hrepan, repan. This root 
modified gives μάρπτω, ἔμαρπτον, ἔμαπον. 

In Hesychius βράψαν means συλλαβεῖν, ἀναλῶσαι, ϑηρεῦσαι, 
σφύξαι, πιεῖν, φαγεῖν, καταφαγεῖν, τῷ στόματι ἑλκύσαι, κρύψαι, 
ἀφανίσαι, στενάξαι. In the sense of κρύψαι, ἀφανίσαι, it may 
be connected with the English wrap. | 

KFOP— 0am, -xdgo¢ (overseer), κορέω (to see, look after), 
οὖρος (watcher), -ovgds (κηπ-ουρός), -ωρὸς (πυλ-ωρός), Latin 
cura, English care, guard, re-gard, ward, warn, wary, 
a-ware, be-ware; all implying sight. 

KMEAAN — μέλας, μέλανος, μέλαινα, κελαινός, Romaic μελαγός. 

ΚΣΑ4 οἵ ΣΚΑΑ͂ — κᾶλον, κήλον, ξύλον. ἣ 

ΚΣΥΝ or SKIN — ξύν, ξυνός, κοινός, σύν, Latin cum, con-, com- 
munis, English common. 

KTAN or KTEN — κτείνω, καίνω, ϑείνω, ϑνήσκω (OANN), πα-- 
τάσσω, Latin cedo, cudo, English cut, batter (1), battle (2), 
Hebrew καταλ, Scythian mata (Herod. 4, 110). See also 
below (§ 7). 

ΣΚΕΖ — σκεδάννυμι; κεδάγνυμι, χέω, χέζω, σκώρ (σκατός), Latin 
sagitta, English shed (Saxon sced), ewer (Saxon huer), 
shoot, shot, scatter(?), spatter (1), German schossen; all 
implying pouring. } 

=KF om — Latin scope, English sweep. 


§ Ὁ. In many instances, > seems to be changed into ἡ 
[}»0}. ἃ. 
ἅλς, ἅλας, (ϑάλασσα,) ἄλμη, Latin sal, salum, English salt. 


ἕξ, sex, Six i ἑπτά, septem, seven. The Heraclean tables have 


Fett, Εεξηκοντα. 

ἥμισυς, ἥμι-» semis, ee . : 
duds, ὅμοιος, Stmilis, same, similar: ὕλη, sylva. 
ὑπέρ, ὑπό, ὕπτιος, Super, sub, supinus, 

ὕπνος, SOMNUS. 


ᾧ 7. Not unfrequently, the sounds καὶ (k, ¢, g) and 77 are 
changed into each other. 


ΕΙΠ or Ἐπ (FEM), Latin voco, vox (dw), English voice. 
événw or évvénw, Latin inquam. 

ἕπω, ἕπομαι, sequor, seek, See δῷ 2: 5.1 (SFE). 

inmoc, equus: χκέλλω, pello. 

λείπω, λιμπάνω, inguo, lqut. 

λύκος, lupus: κνώσσω, ὑ-πνώσσω 1 

ποῖος, ὁποῖος, ποῦ, lonic κοῖος, δκοῖος, κοῦ. 


PRONOUNS. 9 


ON. (to see), ὀπτίλος or ὀπτίλλος, ὄκταλλος, Latin oculus. 

πέμπε, another form of πέντε, Latin quinque. 

nénto (ILEMN), cocus, coquo, coquina, Italian cucina, Eng- 
lish cook, cake, bake, kitchen. 

MLOUQES, TETOQES, τέσσαρες, τέτταρες, Latin quatuor. 

σηκός, Latin sepes, septo: σκῦλον, spolium, spoil. 

σφήξ, acc. σφῆκα, Latin vespa (by metathesis for svePa), 
English wasp. See also ὃ 4. 


§ 8.’ Not unfrequently the sound K is changed into h (°) ; 
and vice versd. KE. g. ) 


ἑκατόν, centum: καλάμη, culmus, halm. 
καρδία, κέαρ, cor, cordis, heart, core. 
κεύϑω (KTON), hide, Saxon hydan, © 
κέρας, cornu, horn, , 
κλίνω, clino; Saxon hlinian, hence English to lean. 
κοῖλος, hollow : κολωνός, κολώνη, columna, collis, hill. 
κύριος, Latin herus 7 

κύων, canis, German hund, English hound. 


PRONOUNS. 


§ 9. We may now suppose that the old language had but 
one pronoun, TF OZ (Tvos, rwos) ; that this pronoun was 
DEMONSTRATIVE in its character; and that it represented all 
persons, that is, it stood for that, this, he, she, it, thou, I. 


1. This pronoun modified gives all the pronominal forms 
of which the element is a LINGUAL (1, ὃ, 9, 0, ζ), or a lingual 
followed by a labial (Ε΄, φ,, w). E. g. 

ΤΟΣ, τῆνος, τόσος, avros, οὗτος, τίς, τὶς, τότε, τύ, Tol, τεός, τυΐδε, 
Latin tum, tam, tot, totus, tantus, talis, tu, tuus (§ 3), 
English that, this, the, thou, thus, then. 

δεῖνα, δεῦρο, δεῦτε, German das, dessen, die, du. 

σφὲ (ὃ 4), σφῶι, σφός, σύ, σός, Latin sui (§ 8), se, suus (§ 3), 


sic, English she, so (Saxon swa). 
2. By dropping the first letter, we obtain all the pronominal 
forms of which the element is a LABIAL (Ε΄, 2, 2, φ, μ)- : 


Observe that F (υ, 10) may be changed into h (‘), and μ 
softened intoy. Εἰ, g. 


ΕἼ (1), Fou (οὗ), Fox (oi), Fe (ξ), Fog (ὅς), piv (lee σφί»), 


Latin vos, vester, Italian voi, English we, German wie. 


10 REMARKS. 


0, ἥ, ὃς (relative), ὅσος, ὡς, ἵνα, English he, her, here. 
μοῦ (ἐμοῦ), μέ (ἐμέ), μὲν (viv), ἡμεῖς, ὑμεῖς, νῶι, νώ,. Latin me, 
nos, English me, mine. 
3. Not unfrequently the initial consonants disappear ; in 
which case the origin of the form becomes very obscure. E. g. 


iv (Fuv), ἴδιος, Latin is, id, ibi, English ἐέ (Saxon hit), us, as 


$10. 1. The form TFOS became KFOS (evos, 
Kwos), which produced all the pronominal forms beginning 
with a PALATAL (x, g, h). Observe that most of these forms 
are interrogative. (See also§ 8.) E. g. 


κῆνος OF κεῖνος (whence  €nstvos) 5 KOS, κοῦ, κοῖος, κότερον, 
Latin Quus, quis, qui, quum (cum), quot, quotus, quam, 
Saxon hwet (what), hwenne (when), hwi (why), hwer 
(where), hwather (whether, κότερον). 


2. Either of the initial consonants may be dropped. Some- 
times both disappear. E, g. 


how, who (pronounced without the w, hoo), Saxon hu (how), 
German was (what), wann (when), Dutch waar (where) ; 
Latin ubi, uter, for QuUBI (κοῦ), QUUTER (κότερον, hwether). 


8. The modified form KOZ becomes 70 (ὃ 7), which 
produces all the Greek interrogatives beginning with x. E. g. 


5 - a , ~ 
ποῦ, ποῖος, πότερος, πόστος, πηλίκος, πῶς, πηνίκα, πῆμος. 


4, The pronominal adjective ἕτερος, Latin ceterum, English 
other, either, is, strictly speaking, the comparative of the per- 


sonal pronoun ὃ (“7) ; its primary meaning is ¢hat, in connexion 
however with another that; not that but that, that or that. 


§ 11, 1. We suppose now that TFO. was strengthened 
by the addition of a palatal (x, y, χ); and that thus modified 
it produced Latin tunc, hoc, hinc, hic, &c., English such, 
which, &c. Also the nominative of the first person singular of 
the personal pronoun ; as, Gothic ik, Saxon tc, German ich, 
Greek ἐγώ, Latin ego, Boeotic Greek iw, Italian io, English J. 


2. T'he root thus strengthened gives also the comparative 
ἑκ-άτερος, one more than that, that and that, or simply, both, 
each (said of two). Its corresponding superlative is ἕκ-αστος, 
all that, each (said of many), every. 


§ 12. 1. This pronoun (1 ΕῸ 2) is.also the parent of the 
numeral 705, whence the feminine μία. Also of οἷος, alone, 
which modified becomes ΤΟΣ, whence the Epic iz, ἰῷ, &c. It 
is moreover the parent of μόνος, alone, Romaic μονός, single. 


PRONOUNS. 11 


It is also the parent of εἷς, gen. ἑνός (root &-), Latin unus 
(μόνος), English an or a, one (pronounced wun, which differs 
but little from the possessive F oy). 


2. The adjective ἔσος, originally Fidos or FioFos (8 1), 
is formed from ΕΓ] or Fi Iz (7, Latin is) after the analogy of 
τόσος from TOS, or of ὅσος from ὅς: Its pMmary meaning 
therefore is so much. 


3. The numeral δύο or δύω, also do, Latin duo, English 
two, German zwei, is nothing but the dual of ΤΕ ΟΣ; its 
primary meaning is that and that, or one and one. The ordi- 
nal δεύτερος is its comparative ; its original form must have 
been δξετερος, by metathesis deF regoc, δεύτερος (ὃ 3); 
the corresponding superlative is δεύτατος, last. 


§ 13. 1. A table containing the principal. modifications 
and derivatives of the theoretical demonstrative TFO >. 


leas TOS, τό, τῆνος, αὐτός, οὗτος, τίς, τὶς, τύ, τέ, tol, τίν, τεύς, 
τόσος, τοῖος, τηλίκος; τύγγος, τηνίκα, τῆμος, τυΐδε, τόφρα. 

Σ — σφέ (ye), opi (giv), σφεῖς, σφῶι, σφώ, σφωέ, σφός, σφέτερος, 
Soe σέ, σός, ἄσσα OF ἄττα. 
--- δεῖνα, δοιώ, δύο, «δεύτερος, δεύτατος, δίς, δεῦρο, δεῦτε. 

F (: )—, οὗ,. ἕ, ὁ, ἥ, bos, 06), ἕτερος, ἑκάτερος, ἕκαστος, εἷς, ὅσος, 
οἷος, ἡλέκος, ὅλος (2), ἡνίκα, ἥμος, ἵνα, ὃς. 

M (1) — μὲν (viv), μοῦ, mod, Me, ἡμεῖς, ἄμμες, ὑμεῖς, ὕμμες, γῶι, 
γώ, μέα, μόνος. 

— — iv (Fur), ἔδιος, οἷος, IO3,i ἴσος (Ficoc), ἐγώ, ios, ἄλλος (0), 
ὄφρα. 

Κ-- KOS, κῆνος, κεῖνος, ἐκεῖνος, ἐκεῖ, κοῖος, κότερον, κοῦ. 

Π- ΠΟΣ, πόσος, ποῖος, πηλέκος, πότερος, πόστος, ποσταῖος, πη- 
vine, πῆμος, πᾶς ZEN. παντός (1). 


2. The verbal terminations are nothing but modified frag- 
ments of pronouns. Thus, | 


-μι (-), -μαι, -μὲν, -μεϑα, μήν, Latin -m, -mus, -mur, rmint, 
“English -m (only in am, εἰ- μέ, su-m), are connected with μέ, 
vot, me, nos, &c.; as Videos, δίδομαι, δίδομεν, διδόμεϑα, ἐδι-- 
δόμην, ἐδίδων, Latin dicam, wietieae, amamur, amamini. See 
above (ὃ 9. 2). 

-σι, -¢, -σαι, -σϑα, -»σι, -σαν, boas Latin -s, -stz, English -s, 
-st, are connected with ov, σφέ, se, suus, &c. ; as ἐσσί, δίδω: 
σι, δίδως, δίδοσαι, ἔφησϑα; λέγουσι. (for Lévoves); ἔφασαν, μέ- 
μνησο, λέγεσϑε, Latin amas, amavisti, English has, hast. 
See above (§ 9. 1). 


-τι (-ϑι), -ται; -τέ, -t0v, -τὴν; -ντι, -νται; -το, -vt0, bck Latin 


12 REMARKS. 


-t, -tis, -nt, -ntur, English -th (-9), are connected with ΤΌΣ, 
τύ, tu, English this, &¢.; as ἐστί, φάϑι, δίδοται, λέγετε, Léye- 
τον, λέγοντι, λέγονται, ἐλέγοντο, λεγόντων, Latin amat, amatis, 
amant, amantur, English asketh. See above (§ 9. 1). 


3. It is easy now to see why. σφῶν differs so little from σφωε, 
ἡμεῖς from ὑμεῖς, μέ from μέν, ic from hic, σὲ from se and she, 
σός from suus, Fox (οἱ) from vot, Fe (2) from we, -rov from 
-ryv, Sec. ; further, why σφίσιν is used for ὑμῖν. (Il, 10,398), 
σφέας for ὑμᾶς (Herod. 3, 71), σφέτερον for ὑμέτερον (Hes. Op. 
2), ἑαυτούς for ἡμᾶς αὐτούς OF ὑμᾶς αὐτούς, διώκετον for διωκέτην 
( ᾿ , 


1. 10, 364), d&c. ὅχο. 
AUGMENT. 


§ 14. The following verbs, beginning with a liquid, take 
ει instead of the reduplication; which is nothing more than 
the syllabic augment 8 lengthened. 


λαγχάνω, εἴληχα, εἴληγμαι. 

λαμβάνω, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι. 

λέγω, to collect, εἴλοχα, εἴλεγμαι. 

μείρομαι, εἵμαρμαι, εἱμάρμην, both with the rough breathing. 

‘PEN, say, εἴρηκα, εἴρημαι, εἰρήσομαι. Also aor. pass. εἰρη dr, 
εἰρέϑην. δ a 


§ 15. The Epic dialect lengthens ¢ in the reduplication 
into εὐ in the following verbs, | 


δείδω (4 ΕΙΩ), δείδοικα. 
δείκνυμι, δείδεγμαι, δείδεκτο, δειδέχαται, δειδέχατο. 
δίω, to fear, δείδιμεν, δειδυῖα, ἐδείδιμεν, S&C. 


§ 16. The following verbs are not uniform in the augment 
of the perfect; that is, sometimes they take the usual redu- 
plication of the perfect, and sometimes only’: 


Observe that the second consonant is a liquid (4, », @). 
Properly speaking, mv42 is the only Greek verb beginning 
with js. Mle | 

βλαστάνω, βεβλάστηκα, ἐβλάστηκα. 

γλύφω, γέγλυμμαι, ἔγλυμμαι. 

καταγλωττίζω, κατεγλώττισμαι, Arist, Eq. 352; Thesm. 131. 

κληΐζω, κεκλήισμαι, ἐκλήισμαι, ἐκληίσμην. ~ 

μιμνήσκω, μέμνημαι, ἐμεμνήμην, μεμνήσομαι. 

“μνημονεύω, ἐμνημόνευκα, Plat. Phedo, 119. 

τρέφω, σὐυνέτροφα, τέτροφα. 


AUGMENT. 18 


§ 17. The following verbs take the ee contrary 
to the general rule. - 


κτάομαι, κέκτημαι, ἔχτημαι, κεχτήσομαι; ἐκτήσομαι. 

πετάννυμι, πεπέτασμαι, πέπταμαι. 

πίπτω, πέπτωκα, πεπτεώς, πεπτηώς, πέπτηκα. 

πτήσσω, ἔπτηχα, πεπτηώς. ὶ 

The perfect πέπταμαι is formed from aemeTp Lae (fom. 
metaw) by syncope. 

As to πέπτωκα, MENTEWS, πεπτηώς, and πέπτηκα, they 
are formed from ΠΕΤΩ, by metathesis ; thus, πεπετ-κα, πεπετ-ῶς 
become πέπτηκα, πεπτεώς and “πεπτηώς" πέπτηκα is further 
changed into πέπτωκα, not unlike εἐρρήγα, ἔῤῥωγα from the: 
theme ῬΗΓΩ. 


§ 18. The augieenh of the perfect and pluperfect of ἕστη-. 
ue (STAN) takes the rough breathing. Further, the pluper-- 
fect active may lengthen é into εἶ. 


perf. ἕστηκα, ἕστακα, ἕσταα, ἕσταμαι. 
pluperf. ἑστήκειν ΟΥ̓ εἱστήκειν, ἑστάειν. 


This apparent anomaly is explained as follows; ΣΤΆΩ;. 
perf. Σεστήκα (compare κέκτημαι) ; é, and by changing the first: 
σ into the rough breathing (§ 6), ἕστηκα. 


It must not be supposed that the rough breathing of the- 
perfect is borrowed from the present, after the analogy of other 
verbs. If this were the case, we should have also aor. ἕστησα,. 
ἕστην, instead of the actual forms ἔστησα, ἔστην. 


§ 19. The following lengthen the syllabic augment s into. 
n, contrary to the general rule, 


ἀπολαύω, dndiavor, ἀπήλαυον, ἀπέλαυσα, ἀπήλαυσα: 
βούλομαι, ἐβουλόμην, ἠβουλόμην, ἐβουλήϑην, ἠβουλήϑην.. 
δύναμαι, ἐδυνάμην, ἠδυνάμην, ἐδυνήϑην,. ἡδυνήϑην.. 

μέλλω, ἔμελλον, ἤμελλον, ἐμέλλησα, ἡμέλλησα. κι : 
παρανομέω, παρηγόμουν now edited παῤεγόμουν, Dem. 217 ;: 


Thuc. 3, 67. 


§ 20. In the Epic dialect, ‘the second aorist® active and: 
middle of the following verbs takes the reduplication οὗὨ the- 
perfect. τᾷ 


Observe that ἐκεχλόμην, % ἔπεφνον, ἐπέφραδρον, and ἔτετμον pre-- 
fix.s to the ‘reduplication:; that is, they follow the analogy of 
the pluperfect. 


14 REMARKS. 


δάκνω, δέδακον᾽" JAN, δέδαον. 
κάμνω, κέκαμον" κέλομαι, κεκλόμην and ἐχκεκλόμην. 
κεύϑω, κέκυϑον᾽ λαγχάνω, λέλαχον. 
λαμβάνω, λελαβόμην᾽ λανϑάνω, λέλαϑον. 
λάσκω, λελακόμην᾽ μάρπτω, μέμαρπον and μέμαπον. 
πάλλω, ἀμπεπαλών (πεπαλών). 
πείϑω, πέπιϑον" πλήσσω, πεπληγόμην. 
TAIN, τεταγών " ΤΈΜΩ, τέτμον and ἔτετμον. 
τέρπω, τεταρπόμην : τιτρώσκω, τέτορον. 
τιτύσκομαι, τέτυκον; τετυκόμην. 
τύπτοω;,, τέτυπον " φείδομαι, πεφιδόμην. 
@®ENL, πέφνον and ἔπεφνον. 

φράζω, πέφραδον and ἐπέφραδον. : 
χάζω, κέκαδον, κεκαδόμην " χαίρω, κεχαρόμην. 


§ 21. The following Poetic forms take the reduplication 
contrary to the analogy of verbs beginning with o. 


ῥαπίζω, δεράπισμαι, Anacr. frag. 105. 
ῥίπτω, δερίφϑαι, Pind. frag. 281. 
ῥυπόω, ῥερυπωμένος, Odys.. 6, 59: 


§ 22. Some Poetic forms do not double the 9 after the 
the syllabic auptmeat é. 3 


ῥάπτω, ἔραπτον, Odys. 16, 379. 
belo, ἔρεξον, ἔρεξ : 
dint, ἔριψα, ἐρίφην. 


8 98. The following Poetic forms double the initial con- 
sonant after the syllabic augment ἐ, after the analogy of verbs 


beginning with 9. 
Observe that, with the χθών δα of δείδω and SETN, the 
root begins with a liquid. 


δείδω (JET), ἔδδεισα, πέραν, ἡποῦδώσας; 

λαγχάνω, ἔλλαχον. 

λαμβάνω, ἔλλαβον, ἐλλαβόμην. 

λίσσομαι, ἐλλισάμην. 

ΜΕΙΡΩ, Eupogor, ἕμμορα. 

γέω, to swim, ἔννεον. 

σείω, ἐσσείοντο, ἀνασσείασκε. 

ΣΈΤΩ, ἐσσενόμην, ἔσσυμαι, ἐσσύμην, ἔσσευα, ἐσσύϑην, ἀπέσσουα. 

4eidw, according to Dawes (Miscel. Critic. p. 168), was 
originally }Fe:d, with the digamma after the first δ᾽ hence 
sOFecoa, περιδΕεισα, ὑπο Fecvac, and finally, after the 


AUGMENT. 15 


disappearance of the digamma, ἔδδεισα, περίδδεισα, ὑποδδείσας * 

the initial consonant being doubled in order to make the pre- 
ceding syllable long by position. It is well known, however, 
that the Greek, as such, does not admit of the combination 
AF (dw). We must therefore assume ΕΖ4Ε1. (ὃ 1). 


It is observed further, that δείδω and its derivatives, in 
Homer, make the preceding syllable long by position, as I}. 11, 
10; 14, 387 ; but not always, Odys. 11, 208, τῶν δ᾽ ἄρα 1.3 


σάντων ἐκ χειρῶν ἔπτατ᾽ ost uc. 


Further, the adjective ϑεουδής (for ϑεοδεής, like γηλής for 
γηλεής), compounded of ϑεός and JEIN, must have been origi- 
nally ds0F dns. The o was lengthened into ov after the dis- 
appearance of F< or perhaps the digamma was attenuated 
into v (§ 3). 


As to the perfect δείδοικα, δείδιμεν, they must have been 
formed after the disappearance of Ε΄. 


- 


SET also, according to the same critic (Miscel. Critic. 
p. 165), was originally SFE, with the digamma ; ; hence 


saoFeva, ἐσξυμαι, &c., and finally ἔσσευα, ἔσσυμαι, Sec. 
See also § 5. 


§ 24. The following verbs lengthen s into εἰ, contrary to 
the general rule. 


200, εἴαον, εἴασα, εἴακα, εἰάϑην. 

ἐθίζω, εἴϑισα, εἴϑικα, εἴϑισμαι, εἰϑέσϑην. 

ἑλέσσω, εἵλιξα, εἵλιγμαι, εἰλίχϑην. : 

ἑλχόω, εἱλκώμην, εἱλκώϑην, Hippocr. It is regular in the 
Attic dialect. 

ἕλκω, εἱλκόμην, εἵλξα, εἵλκυσα, εἵλκυκα, εἵλκυσμαι, εἱλκύσϑην. 

EAN, εἷλον, εἱλόμην. 

Evrae (ER), εἶμαι. 

ἕπω, εἷπον, εἱπόμην. 

ἐργάζομαι, εἰργαζόμην, εἴργασμαι, εἰργάσϑην, εἰργασάμην. 

ἑρπύζω,  εἵρπυσα. 

ἕρπω, δΐρπον. 

ἑστιάω, εἱστίασα, εἱστέακα, εἱστίαμαι, εἱστιάϑην. 

ἔχω, εἶχον, εἰχόμην. 

ἝΩ, place, εἷσα, εἱσάμην. 

inut (EQ), εἶκα, sees εἴϑην, siunv. For inno, ἕωκα, ἕωνται 
(ξἕονται), see § 26 


With respect to E72, EPOMAI, iis and ἐρωτάω, which 
are often referred to this head, it will be observed that εἶπον, 


16 REMARKS, 


sina, and their dependent moods, come from the lengthened 
form EI" sigouny, from the Ionic εἴφομαι " εἴρυσα, εἴρυμαι, 
εἴρυσμαι, εἰρύσϑην, from εἰρύω " and εἰρώταον, εἰρώτησα, from 
the lonic sigwtdéw.— For the forms εἴρηκα, εἴρημαι, εἰρήϑην, 
and εἰρέϑην, see ὃ 14, 

᾿Εάω. The augment of this verb will be easily accounted 
for, if we suppose that there was a time when its full form was 
Fran or rather FsFow (ὃ 1). The first of these forms 

would give ἐξεασα, FeFeaxe, &c., and by dropping the 
digamma and contracting the initial syllables, εἴασα, εἴακα, OLC. 
It may possibly- be connected with “EQ, to send; see § 5. | 
(2F?). 

"ED iow isa prolongation of ἔϑω " its original form therefore 
was Εεϑιζω, hence ἐξεϑισα, FeFeduixa, and finally, by 
dropping F and contracting ee, εἴϑισα, εἴϑικα. 


“Elioow is connected with cidw* therefore its original form 
was Εελισσω" hence eFedise, FeFediyuar, &e. And 
finally, by dropping F and contracting ee, εἵλιξα, εἵλιγμαι, ὅσα. 


“Elxow is derived from ἕλκος, a derivative of gixw* therefore 
it was Felxow’ hence ἐξελκωϑην, FeFedxouny, and 
finally sidna Snr, εἱλκώμην. 

“Eluxw was. originally Fedxm (8 1); hence eFet&a, Fe- 
Fedxuxa, S&c., and finally, by dropping F and contracting 
εε, εἷλξα, εἵλκυκα, S&C. 

“EAM was originally FEA (8 1); hence eFelov, sFe- 
λομην, and finally εἷλον, εἱλόμην. 


“Ryyvue has ‘EQ for its theme, of which the original form 
was FEL (8 1); hence FeFewou, and finally εεμαι, εἷμαι, 
with the breathing of the present. . For ἑεσάμην, see below. 


“Eno. We assume FEZ, hence imperf. sF enor, senor, 
εἶπον with the breathing of the present. For the 2 aor. we 
assume SEIN, hence eXenov, syncopated ἔσπον, after the anal- 
ogy of DENN, πέφνον " πέλω, ἔπλε, ἔπλετο" πέτομαι, ἐπτόμην " 
ἐγείρω, ἠγρόμην᾽ κέλομαι, ἐκεκλόμην. We see, then, that the σ 
in ἔσπον is not an intercalation ; and that ἐ- is the syllabic 
augment, 


We cannot suppose that ἔσπον comes from an assumed 
theme onw, because a grammatical root without a vowel cannot 
be satisfactorily proved to exist. And if we write onw, we 
virtually assume σπέω, which cannot by any sound grammati- 
cal principle give 2 aor, ἔσπον. The same remarks apply also 
to tym, ἔσχον, which see. See also § 5. 1 (=F ἢ). 


AUGMENT. 17 


"Eoyatouas ἴδ a prolongation of EPIN, a digammated 
theme; its original form therefore was Fegyafouar, hence 
sFeoyatlounr, Fe Feeyaouar, &c., and finally, by dropping 
F and contracting ee, εἰργαζόμην, εἴργασμαι, &c. 

“Ερπύξω is a prolongation of ἕρπω, and follows the same 
analogy. See ἕρπω below. 


"“Eonw. We may assume Ἑερπω as the original theme ; 
hence =F somo», ssgmor, signov with the breathing of the 
present. See above (§ 5. 1, sF-4P). 


“Eotiaw is probably derived from ἑστία, originally Fsoréa 
(Latin vesta) ; we may therefore assume ΕἙστιαώ, hence 
εξ ΕἙστιασα, Ει Εεστιακα, &c., and finally εἱστέασα, siotlaxe, 
&c. as in ἐργάζομαι. 

"Exo was‘ EX, with the rough breathing. For the imper- 
fect, Feyw may be assumed; ἐξ εχον, eexor, εἶχον. For the 
second aorist, Seyw, sSeyov, syncopated ἔσχον. Compare ἕπω, 
ἔσπον, and ioyw. See also ὃ 5. 1 (ΣΕ EX). ' 


“EQ, to place, seat, put, originally Fe (δ 1); hence 
‘sP σα, ssoa, sion, with the breathing of the present. See 
ahi § 5.1 (2F 22)... 

“Input, from “E2, originally perhaps FEN: hence Ba od 
Fe Fexa, &c., and finally εἴϑην, sino, &&c., as in the preced- 
ing. As to ἕηκα, ἕωκα, ἕωνται, they take the syllabic augment 
in addition to the temporal. See also ὃ 5. 1 (ΣΕ ἡ... 


§ 2%. The following verbs take the apllabic. augment in- 
stead of the temporal. 


ἄγνυμι, ake, ἔᾶγα; ἐάγην. 

ἁλίσκομαι, ἑάλωκα, ἑάλων. 

ἀνδάνω, sardavor, sade (ἔαδα), ἔαδον and εὔαδον. Also 
ἑήνδανον, syllabic and temporal. 

ἅπτω, ἑάφϑη. 

EIAN, ἐεισάμην, ἡείδειν (& lengthened into 7- =}, 

εἴκω, ἕοικα (εἰοικώς), ἐῴκειν syllabic and temporal. 

sidéw, ἐξίλεον, ἐόληται, ἐόλητο. 

εἴλω, ἔελσα, ἔελμαι, ἐάλην. 

εἶμι, to 80, ἐεισάμην. 

EEE ἔειπα, ἕξιπον. 

εἴρω, to Join, ἕερμαι, ἐέρμην. ι 

ἕλπω, ἔλπομαι, ἔολπα, ἐώλπειν syllabic and temporal. 

ἕννυμι, ἑξέσμην, ξεσάμην. 
ἔρδω (ΕΡΓΩ),"} ἔοργα, ἐόργεα, ἐώργειν nei and temporal. 

οὐρέω, ἐούρεον, “rs ἐούρηκα. 


18 REMARKS. 


> 

ὠϑέω, ἔωσα, ἕωκα, ἕωσμαι, ἐώσϑην. : 
3 ’ 

ὠνέομαι, ἐωνούμην, ἐώνημαι, ἐωνήϑην, ἐωνησάμην. 


"Ayvur, theme AT, originally ΕΑ ΤΩ (88 1: ὅ. 2); hence 
eFaga, FeFoya, &c., and finally, after the disappearance of 
F, fate, ἔαγα, ὅζο. 

‘Alioxopat, theme “442, “4.10.2, connected with ‘EAN 
(to take) ; we may therefore assume ΕΑ 1.2, F440.2° hence 
eFuiwy, FeFodioxa, and finally ἑάλων, ἑάλωκα, with the 
breathing of the present. See § 1 (£42). . 

‘Avduvw, theme ‘44, originally Fads (8 1); hence 
eFador, FeF ada, &c., and finally, ἕαδον, ἕαδα, &c., with the 
breathing of the present. Ὁ : ἮΡΕ 

The Epic aorist εὔαδον is explained as follows; Fas, 
2aor. sF Fado, like ἔλλαβον, ἔμμαϑον, from λαμβάνω, μανϑά- 
vo. By dropping one of the digammas, and changing the 
other into v, in order to preserve the quantity of the antepenult, 
evadoy with the smooth breathing, See § 3. 1. See also 
κανάξαις in the Catalogue. ; 

Ἅπτω, original theme perhaps Fao (ὃ 5.2, KF AP); 
hence «Fagin, ἑάφϑη. We cannot refer ἑάφϑη to ἕπομαι, 
because the change of ¢ into a in the aorist passive does not 
seem to take place when e is not preceded or followed by a 
liquid. . ; 

EI4N. or 14M, originally FETAM or FIs (§ 1); hence 
eFecoaunr, ἐεισάμην.. The Epic ἠεέδειν was FeF esd eur, 
hence sedevv, neidew by lengthening the syllabic augment. 


Ε ἔκω was probably Fecxw* hence FeForxae, like λέλοιπα 
from λείπω, and finally ἔοικα. The Epic participle εἰοικώς 
was Fer:Forxoac, like δειδοικώς from δείδω. The pluperfect 
ἐκεῖν is formed directly from the perfect οἶκα, like ἐῳνοχόεον 
from οἰνοχοέω. Compare ἐώλπειν, ἐώργειν, from tinw, ἔρδω. 


Eiiéw is a prolongation of εὔλω (Fecdw), and follows the 
same analogy. The forms édnta, ἐόλητο, (FeF οληται, Fe- 
Foimnto,) follow the analogy of μεμόρηται, μεμόρητο, from 
μείρομαι (MOPED). 

Εἴλω, theme FEA (8 1); hence sFedoa (like κέλλω, 
ἔκελσα), FeFedwor, eFadny (like φϑείρω, ἐφϑάρην), and 
finally ἕελσα, ἔελμαι, ἐάλην. 

. Εἶμι, theme 12, originally perhaps ἘΠ1.2 or ἜΤ (8 ὅ. 1, 
=F); hence ἐΕεισαμην, ἐεισάμην. Hence also ¢Fuoy» or 
eFax, ἡ τον or ἡ τα (like μέλλω, ἤμελλον), and finally gov or 
qua. Observe further that in the Epic language the final vowel 


AUGMENT. 19 


ofa preposition may not~be dropped before this verb; as 
ἐπιεισαμένη (emt F evo“péern); another feet in favor of a di- 
gammated theme, ἢ 

ΕἸΠ. and £79, originally ΕἜΕΤΠ, and FLT ῷ 1); 
hence ἐξξειπον, 8 ὌΝ and finally ἔειπον, gene. 

Εἴρω, to join, theme FEPR (ὃ 5.1, SF EP); hence ἔε- 
Εερμαι, ἔερμαι. 

Ἔλπω, theme Εελπω (§ 1); Hiei dé Fe F oda, like δέδορκα 
from δέρκομαι, and finally, ἔολπα. The pluperfect ἐώλπειν 
comes directly from the perfect (ολπα) after the analogy of 
ἑώραον from gam. Compare ἐῴχειν, ἐώργειν, from sixw, ἔρδω. 

“Evyvyt, theme Fen (§ 1); hence F Feoun», i ees 
and finally ἑέσμην, ἑεσάμην, with the breathing of the present, 

Ἔρδω, theme EPI, FEPTQ (ὃ 1); hence Fe Fooya, 
FeFooysa’ ἔοργα, éogys. The pluperfect ἐώργειν is formed 
from the perfect (ogy) like ἑώραον Roms ὁράω. parapet ἐῴ-- 
κειν, ἐώλπειν, from sixw, ἔλπω. 

Οὐῤέω, originally perhaps Fovosw, hence «Fovgnoe, 
FeFovenxa’ ἐούρησα, ἐούρηκα. \ 

"2.9 éw, theme perhaps Fron, heen eFo σα, ws Foxe, 
&c., and finally ἔωσα, ἕωκα, &&c. 

‘Qyéowas, originally perhaps Fwy souas: hence @F wreo- 
μην, FeForypas, S&e., and finally ἐωνεόμην, ἐώνημαι, Sc. 


§ 26. The following take the syllabic augment in addition 
to the temporal. 


ἀνοίγω (vtyw), ἀνέῳξα, ἀνέῳχα, ἀνέφγμαι, ἀνεῴχϑην, ἀνέῳγα. 
ἔϑω, ἔωϑα commonly εἴωϑα, ἐώϑεα commonly siwH ει». 
ἵημι 458} Enno, ἕωκα, ἕωνταν (Or ἕονται, ὃ 25). See also 


οἰκέω, ἐῴκεον OF ᾧκεον, Hippocr. 
οἰνγοχοέω, ἐφνοχόξον ΟΥ̓ φνοχόεον, Il. 1, 598 ; 4, 3. 
ogaw, ἑώραον, ἑώρακα also Edguxa, ἑώραμαι. 


Ἀνοίγω. The simple verb οἴγω seems to be connected with 
sixw, to yield, give way, make room. We may therefore as- 
sume Forye (§ 1); hence «Forfa, FeForza, &c., and 
finally ἔῳξα, ἔῳχα, ὅδο. The temporal anpiment was probably 
introduced after the disappearance of F. 


δ ὦ theme Fedo (δὴ 1; Go, 1, FEO); hence Fi Fove, 
ἔωϑα᾽ FeFoderr, ἐώϑειν. And by lengthening ἐ-, εἴωθα, 
εἰώϑειν. If we assume ΕΘ. (whence 790s), the perfect — 
ἔωϑα becomes analogous to ἔῤῥωγα from PHEA (ῥήγνυμι). 


20 REMARKS, 


Oixéw is derived from οἶκος, originally Fouxos (§ 1); 
hence Fouxew, ἐξ ovxeor, ἐῴκεον. 

Οἰνοχοέω is derived from οἰνοχόος (οἶνος, χἑἐω). But οἶνος 
was originally Forvoc (§ 1); hence Forvozyoew, δ οινο- 
χοξον, EMPOZOEOY. τὰ ᾿ 

Ὅραω, theme perhaps Fogem (§ 5, 2, KFOP); hence 
sFogaoy, Fs Fogax a, &c., and finally ἑώραν, ἑόρακα, ἑώρακα, 
éc. with the breathing of the present. 


§ 27. The verb ἑορτάξω is the Ionic δρτάξω with the 
prefix é-, and follows the analogy of δράω. It is not absurd 
therefore to assume Εορταξω. | 


8 28. Only three verbs beginning with « take the syllabic 
augment, ~ 


EAN, ἤδειν, ἤδη, ἢδεα. 
εἰκάζω, ἤκαζον, ἤκασα, ἤκασμαι. 
εἶμι, nev, Ho (ἤια). 


§ 29. Some verbs may dispense with the augment even 
in the Attic dialect. 
ἀηϑέσσω, ἀήϑεσσον, ἀήϑεσα. 
ἄημι, ἄην. 
ἀΐω, ἄϊον. ' 
αὐαίνω, αὐάνϑην, but ηὔηνα. 
οἰακοστροφέω, οἰακοστρόφεον, also φακοστρόφεον, Asch, Pers. 
767. 
οἰμώζω, οἴμωγμαι, but ᾧμωξα. 
οἰνόομαι, οἴνωμαι, also ᾧνωμαι, Soph. Trach. 268; Plat. Leg. 
6, 18. 
οἰστρέω, οἴστρησα, Eurip. Bac. 82; Compare Soph. Trach. 
653. 
οἴχομαι, οἴχωκα. 
οἰωνίζομαι, οἰωνιζόμην, οἰωνισάμην, Xen. Hel. 1, 4, 12; Dem. 
794. ; 


§ 30. The following verbs take the Attic reduplication. 
The pluperfect lengthens the first syllable in ἡκηκόειν, ἠρήρειν. 
ἠληλάμην, ἠρηρείσμην, ὠδώδειν, ὠλώλειν, ὠρώρειν, and ὠρωρύγμην. 

Observe that the Epic forms ἀκάχημαι, ἀκαχμένος, ἀλάλημαι, 
ἀλαλύχτημαι, agagvia, ἐρέριπτο, also the later ἐμεμέκειν, do not 
lengthen the second syllable. 


Observe further, that the Epic ἠρήρεισμαι and εἰλήλουϑα, 
lengthen the first syllable. 


AUGMENT, 21 


Lastly, the penult of ἀλεέφω, ἐρείκω, ἐρείπω, is shortened in 
the perfect and pluperfect,- As to ἀγεέρω, ἀγηγέρμην, it follows 
the common rule, that the peor of liquid verbs is shortened 
in the perfect passive. 


aysion, pluperf. ἀγηγέρμην. 

ἄγω, ἀγήοχα, αγηγοχα, ἀγαγοχεια. 

αἵρέω, ἀραΐρηκα, 'ἀραΐίρημαι, with the smooth breathing. 

ἀκαχίζω, ἁ % ἄχη μαι, ᾿ἀκήχεμαι. 

ἀκούω, ἀκήκοα, ἀκηκόειν and ἡ sh ioc 

AKL, ἀκαχμένος. 

ἄλάομαι, ἀλάλημαι. 

ἀλείφω, ἀλήλιφα, ἀλήλιμμαι. 

ἀλέω, ἀλήλεκα, ἀλήλεσμαι and ἀλήλεμαι. 

ἀλυκτάζω, ἀλαλύκτημαι. 

ANE ON, ἀνήνοϑα. 

ἀραρίσκω, ἄρᾶρα and ἄρηρα Gre ig ἀρήρεμαι, pluperf. 

: ἀφήρειν and ἡ ἠρήρει». 

ἀρόω, ἀρήρομαι. 

ἐγείρω, ἐγρήγορα, ἐγήγερμαι. 

ἔδω, See ἐσθίέω. 

ἐλαύνω, ἐλήλακα; ἐλήλαμαι and ἐλήλασμαι, ἐληλάμην and ἡλη- 
Lawn. - 

ἐλέγχω, ἐλήλεγμαι. 

ἑλέσσω, ἐλήλιγμαι with the smooth binding: 

ἐμέω, ἐμήμεκα, ἐμήμεσμαι, ἐμεμέκειν. 

ENEON, ἐνήνοϑα. 

ἐρείδω, ἐρήρεισμαι and ἡ ἠἡρήρεισμαι, pluperf. ἠρηρείσμην. 

ἐρείκω, ἐρήριγμαι. 

ἐρείπω, ἐρήριπα, pluperf. ἐρέρμπχο. 

ἐρίξω, ἐρήρισμοι. 

ἔρχομαι, ἐλήλυϑα, ἐλήλουϑα, εἰλήλουϑα. 

ἐσθίω, ἔδω, ἐδήδοκα, ἔδηδα, ἐδήδεσμαι, ἐδήδομαι. 

ἔχω, συνοχωκώς (ὀχωκώς). 

ἡμύω, ὑπεμνήμῦκα (ἐμνήμῦκα). 

OAT, ὁδώδυσμαι. | 

ὄξω, ὄδωδα, pluperf. ὁδώδειν and ὡδώύδειν. 

ὄλλῦμι, ὁλώλεκα, ὄλωλα, pluperf. ὁλώλειν and ὠλώλειν. 

ὄμνῦμι, ὑμώμοκα, ὁμώμοσμαι and ὁμώμομαι. ἢ 

ὅράω, ὄπωπα, pluperf. ὁ ὁπώπειν. 

ὀρέγω, ὀρώρεγμαι, pluperf. ὁ ὁρωρέγμην. ; 

ὄρνῦμι, ὄρωρα, ὑρώρεμαι, pluperf. ὁ ὁρώρειν and ὦ “ὠρώρειν. 

ὀρύσσω, ὀρώρυχα, ὀρώρυγμαι, pluperf. ὀρωρύγμην and ὠρω- 
ρύγμην. 

ὑφαίνω, ὑφύφασμαι. 

φέρω, ἐνήνοχα, ἐνήνεγμαι. 


22 REMARKS, 


‘Ayo. The forms aynyoya and ἀγαγοχεια imply a redupli- 
cated theme 4r4rn. The second y was omitted in order to 
avoid a succession of similar sounds, The derivatives aywydc 
and ἀγωγή (like ἀκωκή from 4K) lengthen the radical vowel 
into w. 


Aigéw. Observe that the reduplication shortens the diph- 
thong ai- into ἀ-; ἀρ-αίρηκα, ἀρ-αἰρημαι, not aig-aéenxa. The 
change of the rough breathing into the smooth is an Ionic 
peculiarity. Compare ἡμύω. ) 


‘Eyeiow. The reduplication of the form ἐγρήγορα consists 
of the whole root syse, syncopated eye. Compare the second 
aorist middle ἡγρ-όμην, ἐγρ-έσϑαι. Others suppose that the 
first g is an intercalation, and that the regular form would be 
ἐγ-ήγορα. 

Ἔχω. The simple perfect would be oya, by changing ε into 
0, aS in ἔστροφα from στρέφω " with the augment ὠχα with the 
Attic reduplication oywyw* and by changing the second , into 
x, ὄχωκα, ὀχωκώς. Compare the derivatives ὀχή, ὀκωχή. He 
who first changed -ya into -κα probably followed the analogy 
of verbs in -ow. 


The participle ὀχωκώς is sometimes derived from the imagi- 
nary OXON. But the analogy of ὀχωχή is in favor of an 
Attic reduplication, See also οἴχομαι, in the Catalogue. 


‘Huto. According to Buttmann’s theory, when a verb 
began with a long vowel, the reduplication shortened it. The 
perfect of this verb would be ἐμήμυκα " the metre required the 
first μ᾿ to be doubled ; but instead of this, uw» was adopted, as 
in ἀπάλαμνος from παλάμη, νώνυμνος from γώνυμος. This rule 
applies also to agaignxa, ἀραίρημαι, from aigéw. See also οἶχο- 
μαι, in the Catalogue. 


ὃ Si. 1. The second aorist of the following verbs takes the 
Attic reduplication. Observe, however, that the indicative takes 
the temporal augment at the beginning. 


ἄγω, ἤγαγον, ἀγάγω" nyayounr, ἀγάγωμαι. 

ἀκαχίζω, ἤκαχον, ἀκάχω " ἠκαχόμην. 

ἀλέξω (4.4 ΕΚ.Ω), ἤλαλκον, ἀλάλκω, syncopated for ηλαλεχον, 
αλαλεκω, like ἤλϑον, ἔλϑω, for ἤλυϑον, ελυϑω, from Ε.47- 
ON. ies 

ἀπαφίσκω, ἤπαφον " ἡπαφόμην. 

ἀραρίσκω, ἤραρον " ἡραρόμην. 

ἐνίπτω, ἐνένιπον, ἐνένιπτον, ἐνένισπον. 

ὄρνυμι, Bogor. 


AUGMENT. 23 


2. The second’ aorist of ἐνέπτω and ἐρύκω takes a kind of 
reduplication of the end of the root. 


2 8 > 7 ἀν σι. δ᾽, ἃ 
ἐνίπτω, ηνίπαπον ᾿ ἐρύκω, ἡἠρύκακο»- 


§ 32. The following take the augment before the prepo- 
sition, contrary to the general rule, 


Observe that the forms ἡ ἠμπεσχόμην, ᾿ἠμπειχόμην, ἡμφεσβήτεον, 
ἠμφεσβήτησα, ἠμφεγνόουν, nugeyvonoa, and μεμέϑεικα, take the 
augment hefiave and after at the same time. 


ἀμπέχω, ἡμπειχόμην, ἤμπισχον, ἠμπισχόμην and Ἵμπεσχό- 
μ q Ve , 

ἀμφιάζω, ἠμφίασα, ἠμφίακα. 

ἀμφιγνοέω, ἠμφιγνόουν ἢ and ἡ ἡμφεγνόουν, ἡμφεγνόησα. 

ἀμφιέννυμι, ἠμφιέννυν, ἡμφίεσα, ἠμφίεσμαι, ἠμφιεσάμην. 

ἀμφισβητέω, ἠμφισβήτουν and ἡ ie ped Br τουν, ἠμφισβήτησα 
and ἡμφεσβήτησα, ἠμφισβήτηκα, ἠμφισβητήϑην. 

ἀναλίσκω (xatavalione), κατηνάλωσα, κατηνάλωμαι. 

ἀνοίγω, ἤνοιγον, ἤνοιξα, ἡνοίχϑην, ἠνοίγην. 

ἀντιβολέω, ἡντιβόλουν, ἠντιβόλησα- 

ἀφεύω, ἤφευμαι. 

ἀφίημι, ἠφίην, ἠφίουν. 

ἐγγνάω, ἠγγύαον, ἠγγναόμην, ἡγγύησα, ἡγγνήκειν, ἠγγύημαι, 

᾿ ἠγγυήϑην, ἠγγνησάμην. 

ἐμπολάω, ἠμπόλησα, ἠμπόληκα, ἠμπόλημαι. 

ἐναντιόομαι, ἠναντίωμαι, ἡναντιώϑην, Thuc. 2, 40; Xen. 
Mem. 4, 4, 2. 

ἐπίσταμαι, ἠπιστάμην, ἠπιστήϑην. 

καϑ έζομαι, ἐκαϑεζόμην, ἐκαϑέσϑην. 

καϑεύδω, ἐκάϑευδον. 

κάϑημαι, ἐκαϑήμην. 

καϑίζω, ἐκάϑισα (ἐκάϑιξα), ἐκαϑισάμην. 

μεϑίημι, μεμέϑεικα, μεμετιμένος. 


§ 4:38. The following take the augment Ἄδαν and after 
the preposition at the same time. 


Observe that the imperfect of natin has two forms, ἐπαρῴ- 
shoei and ἐπαροίνεον. 


ἀμφιγνοέω, ἠμφεγνόεον, “ἠμφεγνόησα. 

ἀγέχω, ἠνειχόμην, ἠνεσχόμην. 

ἀνορϑόω, ἠνωρϑούμην, ἡἠνώρϑωσα, ὀνώνϑδωμαι. 

διοικέω, δεδιῴκημαι later, Athen. 8, 26. 

ἐνοχλέω, ἡνώχλεον, ἠνώχλησα, ἠνώχλημαι, ἠνωχλήϑην. 

παροινέω, ἐπαρῴνεον and ἐπαροΐνεον, ἐπαρῴνησα, πἐποξένηκα, 
πεπαρώγημαι, ἐπαρῳνήϑην. 


24 , REMARKS. 


᾿ς ἢ 484. The augment is put after the preposition even when 
the simple verb has no existence. E. g. 


ἀπολαύω, ἀπέλαυον, ἀπέλαυσα. 
“ἐγκωμιάζω, ἐνεκωμίασα, ἐγκεκωμίακα; ἐγκεκωμίασμαι, from ἐγκώ- 
“pov (ἐν, κῶμος) . 
ἐγχειρέω, ἐνεχείρησα, from ἐν and χείρ, hand. 
᾿ἐκκλησιάζω, ἐξεκλησίαζον, ἐξεκλησίασα, from ἐκκλησία (ἐκ, κλῆσις, 
καλέω). : 3 
᾿ ἐνθυμέομαι, ἐντεϑύμημαι, ἐνεθυμήϑην, from ἐν and ϑυμός. 
ἐπιτηδεύω, ἐπετήδευον, from ἐπίτηδὲς Or ἐπιτηδές. 
κατηγορέω, κατηγόρεον, κατηγόρηκα, from κατήγορος (κατά, ἀγο-- 
sv ). 
anes παρηγόρησα, Eurip. Hec. 288. 
προφασίζομαι, προὐφασίσάμην for προεφασισάμην, from πρό-- 
φασις (πρό, φημὶ). | ᾿ 
προφητεύω, πρόεφήτευσα, from προφήτης (πρό, φημὶ). 
συνεργέω, συνήργεον, from συνεργός (σύν, EPI). 


§ 35. The verbs διαιτάω and di:éxovéw, although de- 
rived from the simple δίαιτα and διάκονος, are nevertheless 
augmented, as if they were compounded of διά and ata, 
HOVER). ¥ . ἢ Ν 


διαιτάω, ἐδιήτησα, δεδιήτημαι, διῃητώμην, διητήϑην. Compare 
δὲ 92 ; 99, τρῶν 


διᾶκονέω, διηκόνεον, δεδιηκόνηκα, δεδιηκόνημαι, ἐδιακονήϑην. 


The persons who first introduced these verbs doubtless knew 
their origin. But it is not absurd to suppose that the Greeks, 
being misled by the sound of the first syllable, really imagined 
that the first component part was the preposition διά. .Com- 
pare the absurd plural Mussulmen for Mussulmans, from Mus- 
sulman ; as if this Arabic word were compounded of Mussul 
and the English man ! 


§ 36. The following take the augment after the first com- 
ponent part, although that part is not a preposition. 


ἀντευποιέω, ἀντευπεποίηκα, from ἀντί, εὖ, ποιέω. 

3 ’ ’ 

ἀριστοποιέομαι, ἠριστοπεποίημαν (ἄριστον, ποιέω), before and 
after. 

ec ’ ς ΄ ‘ ε , [2 

ἱπποτροφέω, ἵἱπποτετρόφηκα and ἱπποτρόφηκα, καϑιπποτρόφη- 

xa, (innoteogos, ἵππος, τρέφω), Lycurg. 233; Ιβθυ5, 116. 

μελοποιέω, μεμελοπεποιημένος (μελοποιός, μέλος, ποιέω), Athen. 
10, 79 


, ’ ᾿ 3 ’ 
πάσχω, συνευπεπονϑώς, from σύν, εὖ, πάσχω. 


AUGMENT. 25 


ἢ 37. 1. The present of some verbs beginning with a 
consonant, followed by a vowel or liquid, prefixes that conso- 
nant together with ... This is essentially the same as the 
reduplication of the perfect. 


βιβάσκω, βιβάω, βίβημι, from the simple Baw. 

βιβρώσκω — ΒΟΡΩ, BPON. 

yiyvouas — TEN. Formed as follows ; rewn, γιγενῶ, Syn- 
copated yiyyw, hence γέγνομαι. The Latin retains also 
the active form, gigno. 3 

γιγνώσκω — TNO. ‘ 

διδάσκω --- JAN, to teach. 

didnus — δέω, to bind. 

διδόω, δίδωμι ---- JON. sen 

διδράσκω — JAPAN, to run away. 

κικλήσκω - - καλέω, κέχληκα, κέκλημαι. 

κέχρημι — χράω, κέχρηκα, to borrow. 

λιλαίομαι — λάω λῶ, to wish, 

μιμνήσκω — ΜΙΝΑ., μέμνημαι. 

μέμνω ---- μένω. The steps are μένω, μιμένω, μέμνω by syncope. 

πίμπλημι --- TAAL, πέπληκα" μ is an IneenCatetion. Com- 
pare niumonw. - 

πίμπρημι — IPAQ. See πίμπλημι. 

πιπίσκω — πίνω, JI. 

πίπλω — ITAAN, “πίμπλημι. : - 

πίπράσκω ---- περάω.. The steps are περάω, πιπεραω, by syn- 

ΕΠ cope or rather metathesis πιπράσκω, after the analogy of 
the perfect πέπρᾶκα, πέπρᾶμαι. 

πίπτω — ΠΕΊΤΏ, πέπτωκα. ‘The steps are ΠΕΤΩ, πιπετω, 
πίπτω, by syncope. 

nipavoxw — ®AN, originally ®@ AF (§ 3. 1). 

τιϑέω, τέϑημι — ϑέω, τέϑεικα, τέϑειμαι.. ' 

τίχτω — ΤΈΚΩ. The steps are ΤΕ ΚΟ, τιτεκω, τιτ- χώ, τίκτω,. 
by syncope and metathesis: the combination tx is inad- 
missible in Greek. 

τιταίνω — τείνω, TAN, τέτακα- 

τιτράω --- TPAN. 

τιτρώσκω — ΤΌΡΩ, TPON. : ‘ 

τιτύσκομαι -τεύχω, TIXN, ΤΥΚΩ. : 


2. In a few instances the present takes the reduplication of 
the perfect. 


Verbs, which are formed dirpesly fea the perfect, of course 
retain the augment of qed tense ; as γεγάχω, yeyorw, γεγωνίσκω, 
πεφύκω, ἑστήκω. 


8 


26 | REMARKS, 


βεβρώϑω — βιβρώσκω, βέβρωκα. 

δεδίσκομαι — δίω, δέδια, to fear. 

δεδίσκομαι --- δείκνυμι, δέδειχα, to show. » 
δεδίττομαι — diw, δέδια, to fear. 

δειδίσκομαι ---- δίω, Epic δείδια, to fear. 

δειδίσκομαι ---- δείκνυμι, Epic δείδεγμαι. 

τετραΐνω --- τιτράω, τέτρημαι. 

τετρεμαΐίνω --- τρέμω. 


8 488. When the root begins with a vowel, or with two 
consonants, the second of which is not a liquid, the reduplica- 
tion is formed by simply prefixing ¢ or 7. 


ἰάχω --τ- AX. Originally F4x, hence F.F azo, like βι- 
. βάω from Bow, and finally ἰάχω. Compare βάζω (Suy-, Bux-), 
ἀβακέω, Βάκχος, Ἴακχος, αὐΐαχος (aFiazos). | 
igw, inue— EQ. We may assume FEL, hence FIFEX, iso, 
inus, like ϑέω, τιϑέω, τέϑημι. . See δὲ 2: 6:1 (ΣΈ. 
ἵπταμαι ---- ITA, WETL. The regular form would be mm- 
πταμαι, analogous to the perfect πέπταμαι from the same 
theme. Compare ἕψω (ow), πέπτω. 
ἱστάω, ἵστημι --- STAN. The regular form would be Siotew 
(compare Latin sisto from sto). For the commutation of 
s and h, see § 6. 3 
ἔσχω — ἔχω. Formed from SEX (ὃ 5. 1, SFX) as follows; 
SEX, ΣιΣέχω, Σίσχω, like μένω, uiusvo, μέίμνηω. By chang- 
ing Σ into ὦ (“ ), ἔσχω (§ 6). But this verb, like the origi- 
nal ‘Ex, changes the rough breathing into the smooth on 
account of the aspirate χὰ the next syllable; therefore 
ioyw becomes ἴσχω. 


-§ 39. The reduplication of the present of the following 


verbs is irregular. 


dagdantw —dantw, to tear in pieces. The liquid @ seems to 
be an intercalation; compare ἀχροάζομαι from ἀκούω" 
ἄγρυπνος from ἀ- and ὕπνος. Ld 

καχλάζω, καγχλάζω --΄ XAAAN, κέχλαδα.΄ 

χοχύω --- YEW, κέχυκα. : 

λαλαγέω ---- λέγω, λάσκω, λέλακα. 

μαιμάω — MAN, μέμαα. 

παιφάσσω ---- DAN. 

παφλάζω ---α DAAZN, ἔφλαδον. 

ποιπνύω - πγέω (INTL), 

ποιφύσσὼ --- φυσάω. 


/ 


AUGMENT. Q7 


§ 40. Sometimes the present takes the Attic reduplica- 
tion, but without the tomers ane of the second syllable. 


Observe that ἀτιτάλλω, ὀνίνημι, ὀπιπτεύω. change the second 
vowel into ε. 

ἀκουχίξω — AXA, ἤκαχον; ἀκάχημαι. : ἐν δὲν 

ἀπαφίσκω — AGN, ἤπαφον, ἀπάφω. . 

ἀραρίσκω — APL, ἤραρον, ἀράρω. 

ἀτιτάλλω --- ἀτάλλω, to cherish, foster. 

ἐλελίξω — ἑλίσσω, ἐλήλιγμαι. 

ὀνίνημι, — ONAL. 

ὀπιπτεύω — OL1L, ὀπτήρ, -όπτης (aav-ontnc). 


§ 41. The present in a few instances prefixes ¢ to the 
root, which prefix has the appearance of the augment ἐ-. 


ἐείδομαι --- εἴδομαι (FETI2). Compare ἐείκοσι, εἴκοσι, i ι- 
nat, βείκατι, (δ 1.) 

ἐέλδομαι --- ἔλδομαι (F ελδομαι, βούλομαι, volo, vellé, will), 

ἐέλπομαι ---- ἔλπομαι (Ελπομα!). See § 1. 

ἐέργω, to keep off — toyw (F egy 1). 

ἐθέλω — ϑέλω. 

ἑορτάζω — - δρτάξω (Foetal 1 Poe 

ἐρύω — δύομαι (PIL). 


§ 42. 1. It is not unreasonable to suppose that the aug- 
ment, when the root began with one consonant or two conso- 
nants, was formed by prefixing the initial consonant or conso- 
nants together with the following vowel. The following seem 
to be some of the relics of the original reduplication. 


curro, cucuri: disco, didict. 

mordeo, momordi : posco, poposci. 
pungo, pupugt: spondeo, spopondi. 
tondeo, totondi : tundo, tutudi. 
DAAZL, naghala: XAAZN, καχλάζω. 


To these we may add δαρδάπτω, κοχύω, μαιμάω, παιφάσσω, 
ποιπνύω. See 8 99, 


2. The next step was to substitute the vowel « in the place 
of the radical vowel in the reduplication. This is the origin 
of the usual Greek reduplication. The Latin also makes use 
of this kind of augment. E. g. :; 

cado, cecidi: cedo, cecidi. artis “ 

cano, cecint: do, dedi. ; τ 

Salle, fefelli: parco, peperei. 

parto, pepert: pedo, pepedi. 

pello, pepuli: pendeo, pependi, 


28 REMARKS, 


pendo, pependi : sto, steti. 
tango, tetigi: tendo, tetendt. 


3. The usual augment (2-) of the imperfect and aorist was 
probably formed from the reduplication by simply dropping the 
initial consonant ; thus κέκαμον, térumoy became, in the pro- 
gress of the language, ἔχαμον, ἔτυπον. “ 


8 43. 1. When the verb began with a vowel, the augment 
was perhaps formed by prefixing that vowel together with the 
consonant following. This is evidently the Attic reduplica- 
tion of such forms as ἀχκαχμένος, ἀκάχημαι, ἀλάλημαι, ἐρέριπτο, 
ἐμεμέκειν, ἀγαγεῖν, ἐνένϊ πον. 


2. It seems, then, that the usual temporal augment was 
formed by omitting the consonant in the Attic reduplication, 
and. contracting the mitial syllables ; thus ἦγον originated in 
ἄγαγον, aoryoy. 


§ M4, It is fashionable to assert that verbs γερο with 
a vowel originally took the syllabic augment é-, and to confirm 
this assumption by referring to such forms as ἔαξα, ada, ἐάλην. 
But as such forms come from digammated verbs, this hypoth- 
esis cannot be said to be satisfactory ; its defenders must pro- 
duce more decisive instances than these ; for example, ειασαμην, 
εἵκομην, εὕγιανα, from ἰάομαι, ἱκνέομαι,. ὑγιαίνω. As to εἶδον, it 
is clear that it comes either from Ε1Ζ4.2, (FEIA2), or from 
142 (F142); if from the former, no change takes place ; 
and if from the latter, its original form was iy ον, hence 
sidov, by contraction. 


TENSES. 


§ 45. The following pure verbs retain the short vowel of 
the FEN, througe all the derived tenses, 


ἄγαμαι, ἀγάσομαι, ἠγάσϑην, ἡγασάμην. 

αἰδέομαι, αἰδέσομαι, ἤδεσμαι, ηδέσϑην, ἡδεσάμην. 

ἀκέομαι, ἀκέσομαι, ἠκεσάμην, ἐξακέσας. 

ἀκηδέω, ἀκήδεσα. 

ἀλέομαι, ἠλεάμην. 

also, ἤλεσα, ἀλήλεκα, ἀλήλξσμαι, ἀλήλεμαι, ἤλέσϑη». 
' ἄλϑομαι, ἀλϑέσϑην. 

ἀμφιέννυμι, ἀμφιέσω, ἠμφίεσα, ἡμφίεσμαι. 

ἀντιάω, ἀντιάσω, ἡντίασα. 

ἀνύω, ἀνύσω, ἤνυσα, ἤνυκα, ἤνυσμαι, ἠνύσϑην. 

ἀραρίσκω, ἀρήρεμαι. 

ἀρέσκω, ἀρέσω, 7 ἤρεσα, ἠρέσϑην. 


Η TENSES. “ 29 
ἀρκέω, ἀρκέσω, ἤρκεσα.. e 
ἀρόω, ἀρόσω, ἤροσα, ἀρήρομαι, ἠρόϑην. 
ἀρύω, ἤρφυσα, novdny, ἠρύσϑην. 
ἀφύω, ἤφυσα. 
ἄχϑομαι, ἀχϑέσομαι, ἠχϑέσϑην. 
βδέω, ἔῤδεσα. - 
γελάω, γελάσω, γελάσομαι, ἐγέλασα, ἐγελάσϑην.. 
δαίομαι, δάσομαι, δέδασμαι, ἐδασάμην. 
εἰμί, ἔσομαι. 
ἐλαύνω, ἐλάσω, ἤλασα, ἐλήλακα, ἐλήλαμαι, Fg τ ἐληλάμην, 
ἠληλάμην, ἠλάϑην and ἡλάσϑην. ἡ 
EAT, ἐλύσϑην. - ‘ 
ἕνγυμι, ἕσω, σα, ἕσμαι, ἕσμην, ἑέσμην, ἑσάμην, ἑεσάμην. 
ἔραμαι, ἡρᾶσάμην. 
ἐράω, ἠράσϑην, ἐρασϑήσομαι. 
ἐρύω, ἐρύσω ἐρύω)» @ ἔρυσα, ἐρύσομαι (ἐρύομαι). 
godin, ἐδήδοκα, ἐδήδεσμαι and ἐδήδομαι, ἡδέσϑην. 
ζέω, ζέσω, ἔζεσα, ἔζεσμαι, ἐζέσϑην. 
ϑλάω, ϑλάσω, ἔϑλασα, τέϑλασμαι (τέϑλαγμαι). 
ἱλάσκομαι, ἱλάσομαι, ἱλάσϑην, ἱλασάμην. 
καλέω, καλέσω, ἐκάλεσα, ἐκαλέσϑην. 
κεράνγυμι, κεράσω, ἐκέρασα, κεχέρασμαι, ἐκεράσϑην. 
κλάω, to break, ἔκλασα, κέκλασμαι, ἐκλάσϑην. 
κοτέω, κοτέσομαι, ἐκότεσα. 
κρεμάνγυμι, κρεμάσω, ἐκρέμασα, ἐκρεμάσϑην.. 
λοέω, ἐλόεσα, λοέσομαι, ἐλοεσάμην. 
μαίομαι, μάσομαι, ἐμασάμην. 
μεϑύσκω, ἐμέϑυσα, μεμέϑυσμαι, ἐμεϑύσϑην. 
ναΐω, νάσομαι, ἔνασα, γνένασμαι, ἐνάσϑην. . ‘ 
»εικέω, »εικέσω, ἐνείκεσα. “ 
ξέω, & Seon, ἕ ξεσμαι. 
ὄλλυμι, ὀλέσω, ὥλεσα, ὀλώλεκα. ι 
ὄμνυμι, ὀμόσω, ὥμοσα, ὀμώμοκα, ὁμώμομαι and ὁμώμοσμαι, 
ὠμόϑην and ὠμόσϑην. ; 
ὄνομαι, ὀνόσομαι, ὠνοσάμην, ὠνόσϑην. 
ὄρνυμι, ὀρώρεμαι. 
πατέομαι, πάσομαι,. πέπασμαι, ἐπασάμην. ς 
πετάνγυμι, πετάσω, ἐπέτασα, πεπέτασμαι and πέπταμαι, ἐπετά-- 
σϑην. ͵ 
πιπράσκω, περάσω (ἃ), ἐπέρᾶσα. 
πτύω, πτύσω, πιτύσομαι, ἔπτυσα, ἐπτύην. 
σκεδάννυμι, σκεδάσω, ἐσκέδασα, ἐσκέδασμαι, ἐσκεδάσϑην. 
CNH, σπάσω, ἔσπασα, ἔσπακα, ἔσπασμαι, ἐσπάσϑην. 
στορέννυμι, στορέσω, ἐστόρεσα, pice. taal 
TAAAN, ἐτάλασα. 
τ 


30 . REMARKS. 


τανύω, τανύσω, ἐτάνυσα, τετάνυσμαι, τετανύσμην, ἐτανύσϑην, 
τετανύσομαι. 

τελέω, τελέσω, ἐτέλεσα, τετέλεκα, τετέλεσμαι, ἐτελέσϑην. 
4 2» 

τρέω, ἕτρεσα. 

φϑίω, φϑίσω, ἔφϑισα, ἔφϑιμαι, ἐφϑίμην, ἐφϑίϑην. 

χαλάω, χαλάσω, ἐχάλασὰ (ἐχάλαξα), κεχάλακα, κεχάλασμαι, ἐχα- 
λάσϑην. 

χέω, κέχυκα, κέχυμαι, ἐχύϑην. 


§ 46. The quantity of the penult of the following pure 
verbs is variable in the derived tenses, 


AAN, ἄασα, ἀάσϑην, ἀασάμην. 
αἰνέω, αἰνέσω and αἰνήσω, αἰνέσομαι, ἤνεσα and ἤνησα, ἤνεκα, 
: ἤνεμαι, ἠνέϑην. 
αἱρέω, αἱρήσω, ῆ throughout except ἡρφέϑην. 
ἀκαχίξω, ἀκαχήσω, ῇ throughout except ἀκηχέδαται, ἀκηχέμενος. 
ato, avow (Ὁ), ἢὕσα (Ὁ), but ἀῦσον (Ὁ). 
βαίνω, βήσω, βήσομαι, ἔβησα, βέβηκα, βέβαμαι and seis 
ἐβάϑην. , 
γαμέω, γαμήσω, ἡ throughout except γαμεϑεῖσα and γαμέσσο- 
Olle 
δέω, to bind, δήσω, ἔδησα, δέδεκα, δέδεμαι and δέδεσμαι, ἐδέ- 
θην, δεδήσομαι. 
δίδωμι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, le δέδομαι, ἐδόϑην. 
δύναμαι, δυνήσομαι, ἡ throughout except ἐδυνάσϑην. 
, δύω, δύσω (Ὁ), ἔδῦσα, δέδῦκα,  δέδῦμαι, ἐδύϑην (Ὁ). 
εἰρύω, εἰρύσω (ὕ), εἰρῦσα, εἴρῦμαν and εἴρυσμαι, εἰρύσϑην. 
ἕλκω, ἑλκύσω, ὕ throughout except εἵλκῦσα (ἢ). 
ἐμέω, ἐμέσω, ἐμέσομαι, ε throughout except ἤ ἤμησα. 
εὐνάω, εὐνήσω, η throughout except εὐνέϑην. 
εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω, ἡ ἡ throughout except εὑρέϑην." 
εὐτυχέω, εὐτυχήσω, η throughout except the later εὐτύχεσα for 
the classical εὐτύχησα, Anthol. Epigr. 9, 40. 
ἔχω, σχήσω, ἡ throughout except ἐσχέϑην. 
κήδω, κηδήσω, xexad joo, κήδεσαι. 
κορέννυμι, κορέσω, ἐκόρεσα, κεκόρημαι and κεχόρεσμαι; ἐκορέ- 
σϑην.. 
“dion, λύσω (0), ἔλῦσα, λέλύκα, λέλῦμαι, ἐλύϑην (v), λελύσομαι (υ). 
μάχομαι, μαχέσομαι and μαχήσομαι, μεμάχημαν and μεμάχε- 
σμαι, ἐμαχεσάβην. 
νέμω, νεμήσω, n throughout except ἐνεμέϑην. 
ὄξω, ὀζήσω and ὀζέσω, ὥζησα and ὠζεσα. 
πίμπρημι, πρήσω, ἡ throughout except ἔπρεσε. 
πινύσκω, πέπνῦμαι, πέπνῦσο, ἐπεπνύμην (Ὁ). 
᾿ πίνω, πέπωκα, πέπομαι, ἐπόϑην. 


TENSES. 9Ι 


ποϑέω, ποϑήσω, ποϑέσομαι, ἐπόϑησα and ἐπόϑεσα, πεπόϑηκα. 

πονέω, πονήσω, ῃ throughout except πογνέσω, ἐπόνεσα. 

ῬΕΩ, to say, εἴρηκα, ἢ throughout except ἐῤῥέϑην and εἰρέϑην. 

δύομαι, ὁὕσάμην and ῥὕσάμην. 

σβέννυμι, σβέσω, σβήσομαι, ἔσβεσα; ἔσβηκα, ἴαβωμαι. 

στερέω, στερήσω, η throughout except ἐστέρεσα. 

τίϑημι, ϑήσω, ἔϑηκα, τέϑεικα, τέϑειμαι, ἐτέϑην. 

DENI, Tepe uct, πεφήσομαι. 

φημί, φήσω, ἔφησα, πέφᾶμαι. 

φϑάνω, φϑάσω (ἃ), ἔφϑασα and ἔφϑαξα, ἔφϑᾶκα, bias 

φϑονέω, φϑονήσω, regular except the rare ἐφϑόνεσα for ἐφϑό- 
»ησα, Anthol. δ, 904. 


φορέω, φορήσω, regular except ἐφόρεσα. 


FUTURE AND AORIST ACTIVE AND MIDDLE: 


§ 4 7. The following liquid verbs have -ow, -σομαι, in the 
future, and -σὰ in-the aorist. 


ἀείρω, ἀέῤῥω, ἤερσα. N 

ἀποέῤῥω, ἔῤῥω, ἁπόερσα (ἔρσα). 

ἀραρίόκω (API), ), ἤρσα. ς 

εἴλω (EAN), thou 

ϑέρομαι, ϑέρσομαι. Α 

κείρω (ΚΕΡῚ, κέρσω, ἕκερσα. 

κέλλω (KEAN), κέλσω, ἔκελσα. 

κύρω; κύρσω, ἔκυρσα. 

ὄρνυμι (OPN), ὄρσω, ὦρσα. 

τείρω (TEP), τέρσω. 

Pd sign (@OEP2), φϑέρσω. 

φύρω, ἔφηρφα. 

As to ἀμέρσαν and χένσαι which are sometimes referred. to 
this head, the former comes from ἀμέρδω, and the latter from 
KENTSIU. 


§ 48. 1. Futures in cow (ἃ), and gow, from verbs in « ἄω 
or ἄξω, and gw, may drop o and be contracted like verbs in ἄω 
and gw. The Ionic dialect often uses the uncontracted future, 
but only in verbs in gw. We select the following: 

ἀμφιέννυμι -- ἀμφιέσω, (ἀμφιέω) ἁ ἀμφιῶ. : 

aw, to sate — 6 iow, ἄσομαι, 3 Sing. βάσεται, ἄεταί, ἄτα!) pro- 

_ tracted ἀδται. 

βιβάζω --- βιβάσω, (βιβάων βιβὼ, Plat. Phedr. Y. 

γαμέω — (γαμέσω), γαμέω, γαμῶ. The future middle γα- 

μέσσομαιν implies γαμέσω. 

δικάζω --- δικάσω (δικάω), δικῶ, infin. δικᾷν, Herod. 1, 97, 


32 REMARKS. 


ἐλαύνω — ἐλάσω, (ἐλάω) ἐλῶ. 

ων — ἐμέσω, ἐμέσομαι, (ἐμέομαι) ἐμοῦμαι. 
ἐξετάζω — ἐξ ἑτάσω, (ἐξετάω) ἐξετῶ, Dem. 229; Isocr. 195. 

κεράννυμι — κεράσω, (κεράω) κερῶ. 

κολάξω --- κολάσομαι, (κολάομαι) κολῶμαι, Arist. Vesp. 244. 

πρεμάννυμι — - κρεμάσω, (χρεμάω, κρεμῶ) ‘protracted χρεμόω. 

μάχομαι - μαχέσομαι, μαχέομαι, μαχοῦμαι. 

ὄλλυμι — ὀλέσω, λέω, Ole. 

πελάζω — πελάσω; (πελάω) πελῶ, ἃς, Ausch. Prom, 282 ; Eurip. 
Orest. 1684 ; Soph. Elec. 497. 

πετάννυμι --- πετάσω, (πετάω) πετῶ. 

πιπράσκω ---- (περάσω, περάω, infin. ἜΝ; wegdv) protracted 
infin. περάᾳν- 

τελέω — τελέσω, TEAEW, τελῶ. 

χέω — χέω, χεῖς, χεῖ. 


2. In a few instances the éontratted present is used as 
future, even when the regular future lengthens the radical 
vowel. E. g, 


δράω, to do — δράσω (a), δρῶ. 
ἐρημόω ---- ἐρημώσετε, ἐρημοῦτε, Thue. 3, 58 ; See also Thuc. 
2,8; 4, 85; 6, 23, 


3. Futures in ἔσω (7) Gtk verbs in ifm often drop the o and 
are inflected like contract verbs in gw, that is, dow, icouoe be- 
come ἐῶ, εοὔμαι, respectively. (See also$ 3.4.) E. g. 


ἀγλαΐζω ---- ἀγλαΐσω, ἀγλαϊῶ, ἀγλαϊοῦμαι, Arist. Eccl. 575; 
Il. 10, 331. 

doleonpbice -- (ἀνδραποδίσω) ἀνδραποδιῶ, ἀὐελαποδιοῦμαι, 
‘Xen. Hel. 2, 2, 20. 

βαδίζω — Badiow (βαδίσομαι) βαδιοῦμαι. 

κομίζω ---- κομίσομαι, κομιοῦμαι, Tonic χομιεῦμαι (by resolution 
and contraction, κομιοῦμαι, “κομιέομαι), Herod. 8, 62. 

οἰκίζω — (οἰκίσω) οἰκιῶ, οἰκιοῦμαι. 

οἰκτίζω ---- (οἰκτίσω) οἰκτιῶ, Ausch. Prom. 68. 

ὁμαλίξω -- (ὁμαλίσομαι) ὁμαλιοῦμαι. 

ὁρίζω --- δρίσομαι, δριοῦμαι, lonic δριεῦμαι, Hippocr. de Art. 
§ 4, Compare κομίζω. 

πυτίζω ---- (πυτίσω) πυτιῶ,, Athen. 7, 42. 

τειχίζω ---- (τειχίσω) τειχιῶ, τειχιοῦμαι, Dem, 69; Xen. Cyr. 

ὑβρίζω - ὑβρίσω, ὑβριῶ, ὑβριοῦμαι. 

ὑστερίζω ---- [ὑστερίσω) ¥ ὑστεριῶ, Dem. 49. 

φροντίζω --- (φροντίσω) φροντιῶ; φρον»τιοῦμαι, Xen. Mem. 2, 

; Eurip. Taur. 343. 
ὀδῥῥομαϊῶς (ὠστίσομαι) ὠστιοῦμαι, Arist. Ach, 24. 


TENSES. 993 


4. A few verbs in vw (#) drop the o of the future ; in which 
case the future does not differ from the present. E. g. 


" ἐρύω - ἐρύσω, ἐρύω. 

τανύω ---- τανύσω, ταγνύω. 

It will be seen that the combination va was not contracted ; 
and that synizesis in this instance would be very difficult, on 
the supposition that uv had the sound of French u. 


§ 49. 1. The verbs ἐσϑίω or ἔδω, πίνω and ®ATQ, form 
the first future middle without the usual characteristic σ. 


godin or ἔδω --- ἔδομαι " also ἐδοῦμαι, after the analegy of 
liquid verbs. 

πίνω ---- πίομαι" also πιοῦμαι, after the analotiy of ἐδοῦμαι. 

PAIL — φάγομαι " also φαγοῦμαι, after the analogy of ἐδοῦ- 


μαι. 
It is evident that the Sage: middle of ἔδω, if formed accord- 
ing to the usual analogy (ἔδ- σομαι, ἔσομαι), would be con- 
founded with ἔσομαι from εἰμέ. It is not absurd, then, to 
suppose that the maker of the word, perceiving this ‘confusion, 
tacitly dropped the o, and formed at once ἔδομαι.. And as 
πίνω belongs to the same general idea as 2m, it is fair to sup- 
pose that it followed the analogy of its sister-form. Compare 
the Latin edo, which in some of its parts (as est for Ἂς oneds agrees 
with sum, 


2. The later future δοκῶν from APAMD, ἔδραμον, was 
evidently formed after the analogy of DAI, ἔφαγον, φάγομαι. 


§ 30. The following mute verbs form their future middle 
after the analogy of liquid verbs. 


καϑέξομαι, καϑεδοῦμαι. 
μανϑάνω, μαϑεῦμαι Doric for μαϑοῦμαι (μαϑέομαι). 
τίκτω, τεκοῦμαι. 


As to πεσοῦμαι, from πέπτω, sometimes referred to this 
head, it may be considered as a Doric future, like κλαυσοῦμαι 
for κλαύσομαι. The Ionic form πεσέομαι is a_resolution of 
πεσοῦμαι. It is not necessary to assume ἃ theme ESN. 


ΣΦΙ. The future middle of many verbs is equivalent to 
the future active. 


ἀγνοέω, ἀγνοήσω, ἀγνοήσομαι. 
ἄδω, ἀοῶ, ἄσομαι, ἀσεῦμαι. 
ἀείδω, ἀείσω, ἀείσομαι. 


34 REMARKS. 


αἰνέω, αἰνέσω, αἰνήσω, ainjoopa:. 
ἀκούω, ἀκούσομαι. 
ἀλαλάζω, ἀλαλάξομαι. ‘ 
ἀλύσκω, ἀλύξω, ἀλύξομαι. 
ἁμαρτάνω, ἁμαρτήσω, ἃ ἁμαρτήσομαι. 
ἀντεικάξω, ἀντεικάσομαι. 
ἀπαντάω, ἀπαντήσω doubtful; ἀπαντήσομαι, Eurip. Sup. 772; 
Dem. 230. 
ἀπεικάζω, ἀπεικάσομαι. 
ἀπολαύω, ἀπολαύσω, ἀπολαύσομαι-. 
ἀποπατέω, ἀποπατήσω, igang sel Arist. Plut. 1184. 
® ἁρπάζω, ἁρπάσω, ἁρπάξω, ἁρπάσομαι. 
βαδίζω, βαδιοῦμαι, later βαδίσω, Arist. Plut. 90; Lucian. 
Demosth. Ene. 1. 
βαίνω, βήσομαι, Biostuor, βήσω Causative, 
βιβρώσκω, βρώσομαι. 
βιόω, βιώσω, βιώσομαι. 
βλέπω, βλέψω, βλέψομαι, Herod. 2, 111; Eurip. Aul. 1192. 
βλώσκω, μολοῦμαι. 
βοάω, βοήσω, βοάσω, βοήσομαι, βοάσομαι, βώσομαι. 
βρυάζω, βρυάσομαι. 
γελάω, γελάσω, γελάσομαι. 
γηράσκω, γηράσω, γηράσομαι. 
γιγνώσκω, γνώσομαι. 
γοάω, γοήσομαι. 
γρύζω, γρύξω, γρύξομαι. 
δάχψω, δήξομαι: 
δείδω; δείσομαι. 
διδράσκω, δράσομαι. 
διδρήσκω, δρήσομαι. 
διώκω, διώξω, διώξ Somat. 
ἐγκωμιάζω, ἐγκωμιάσω, κάτωε pens a 
εἰμί, ἔσομαι. 
εἶμι, εἴσομαι. 
ἐμέω, ἐμέσω, ἐμέσομαι, ἐμοῦμαι. 
ἐπιορκέω, ἈΠ ΟΗΝΙ ἐπιορκήσομοαι, Arist Lys. 914; Dem. 
1269. 
éodio, ἔδομαι, ἐδοῦμαι, φάγομαι. 
ἑστήκω: ἑστήξω, ἑστήξομαι. 
ἕψω, ἑψήσω, ἑψήσομαι. 
ζάω, ζήσω, ζήσομαι. ᾿ 
ϑαυμάζω, ϑαυμάσω, ϑαυμάσομαι, Xen, Cyr. 5, 4,483 _ Eapip. 
Alc. 157. 
ϑεραπεύω, ϑεραπεύσω, ϑεραπεύσομαι, Xen. Mem, 2, ᾿ 7: 
Hom. Hym. 1, 390. 


TENSES. oo 


ϑέω, TUN, ϑεύσομαι. ; : oes 

ϑιγγάνω, ϑίξομαι. 

ϑνήσκω, ϑανοῦμαι, τεϑνήξω, τεϑνήξομαι- 

ϑρώσκω, ϑορέομαι, ϑοροῦμαι. 

ἰνέω, ἰνήσομαι, Hippocr. de Morb. Mulier. § 81. 

καίω, καύσω, καύσομαι. 

κάμνω, καμέομαι, καμοῦμαι. 

OL vila, ΤῚΣ Pind. ἃ, 9...:9, 98... . 

κελαρύζω, κελαρύσομαι, in Hesychius, 

κερδαίνω, κερδανέω, κερδανῶ, κερδήσω, κερδήσομαι. 

κιχάνω, κιχήσομαι. 

κλαίω, κλαύσω, κλαιήσω, κλαήσω, κλαύσομαι, κλαυσοῦμαι. 

κλέπτω, κλέψω, κλέψομαι. 

κοτέω, κοτέσσομαι. 

κυέω, κυήσω, κυήσομαι. 

κυνέξω, κυνήσομαι. 

κύπτω, κύψω, κύψομαι. 

κωκύω, κωκύσω (Ὁ), κωκύσομαι, Adsch. Agu. 1313; a 
Lys. 1222. 

λαγχάνω, λήξομαι, λαξ Somat. 

λαικάζω, λαικάσω, λαικάσομαι, Arist. Eq. 167; Athen. 15, 40. 

λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, λαψοῦμαι, λάμψομαι. ) 

λάπτω, λάψω, λάψομαι, Ll, 16, 161; Arist, Pac. 885, 

λάσκω, λακήσομαι. 

λιχμάω, λιχμήσομαι, Tl. 21, 123. 

μανϑάνω, μαϑήσομαι, μαϑεῦμαι. αν α σον, κα 

VOLO, νασσομαι- 

ναυστολέω, ναυστολήσω, γναυστολήσομαι, Eurip. Sup. 474: 
Troad. 1048. 

yevo, nod, νεύσω, γεύσομαι, Pate 16, 283; 1]. 1, 524. 

γνέω, SWIM, νευσοῦμαι- 

οἶδα, εἴσομαι. 

οἰκίζω, οἰκιῶ, οἰκιοῦμαι, Thuc. 1, 100; Eurip. Heracl. 40. 

οἰμώξω, οἰμώξω, οἰμώξομαι. 

ὀλολύζω, ὁλολύξομαι, Soph. Elec. 691. 

ὄμνυμι, ὀμόσω, ὀμοῦμαι. 

ὀνομάζω, ὀνομάσω, ὃνυμάξομαι. 

ὅράω, ὄψομαι. 

ὁτοτύξω, ὀτοτύξομαι, Arist. Lys. 520. 

οὐρέω, οὐρήσω, οὐρήσομαι. 

παίξω, παίξω, παίξομαι, παιξοῦμαι. 

πάσχω, πείσομαι. : 

πηδάω, πηδήσω later, ῬνδηϑομοΣ Anthol. Planud. 54; Plat. 
Lys. 29. - 


Tey Q), πίομαι, πιοῦμαι. 


So SE Ψ ΨΥ ΡΥ ee a a 


36 REMARKS, 


πίπτω, πεσοῦμαι, πεσέομαι. 
πλέω, πλεύσω, πλεύσομαι, ee 
πλώω, πλώσομαι. 
πγέω, πνεύσω, πνεύσομαι, πννυσαϊμῶν 
ποϑέω, ποϑήσω, ποϑέσομαι. 
πονέω, πονήσω, πονέσω, πογήσομαι. 
πτύω, πτύσω, πτύσομαι. 
ῥέω, ῥεύσω, ,“δεύσομαι. 
ῥοφέω, ῥοφήσω, ῥοφήσομαι, Arist. Ach. 278; Vesp. 814. 
σιγάω, σιγήσω, σιγήσομαι, Arist, Ran, 955 Anthol. 9, 27; 
Soph. Col. 113. : 
σιωπάω, σιωπήσω, σιωπήσομαι. 
σκοπέω, σκέψομαι. 
σκώπτω, σκώψω, σχώψομαι, Arist. Nub. 296; Ach. 854. 
“σπεύδω, σπεύσω, σπεύσομαι, Eurip. Hip. 183 ; Il. 15, 402. 
σπουδάζω, σπουδάσω, σπουδάσομαι, Dem. 583; Plat. En- 
thyph. 3. 
στροβέω, στροβήσομαι, Arist. Ran. 817. 
συρίζω, συρίσω, Gvgiw, συρίξομαι- 
TAAAN, τλήσομαι. 
τήκω, τήξω, sshetseeg 
τίκτω, τέξω, τέξομαι, τεκοῦμαι- ΐ 
τρέχω, ϑρέξομαι, δραμέομαι; δραμοῦμαι, δραμῶ, δράμομαι. 
τρώγω, τρώξομαι. ' roe 
τυγχάνω, τεύξομαι. 
τωϑάζω, τωϑάσομαι; Plat. Hip. Maj. 22. 
ὑβρίζω, ὑβρίσω, ὑβριῶ, ὑβριοῦμαι, Arist. Thesm. 719 ; Dem. 
585 ; Arist. Eccl. 666. 
ὕστερέω, ὕστερήσομαι, ‘Eurip. Aul. 1209, 
ὑπείκω, ὑπείξω, ὑπείξομαι. 
φεύγω, φεύξομαι, φευξοῦμαι. 
φϑάνω, φϑάσω, φϑήσομαι. 
φιτύω, φιτύσω, φιτύσομαι, Eurip. Alc. 294; Mosch. 2, 156. 
φλίβω, φλίψομαι. 
φροντίζω, φροντιῶ, φροντιδῦμαι (), Xen. Mea, 2, 1, 24; 
Eurip. Taur. 343. 
φυτεύω, φυτεύσω, φυτεύσομαι, Xen. Cicon. 19, 13; Pind. 
_ Pyth. 4, 26. 
φύω, φύσω, ἐκφύσομαι. 
χαΐνω, χανοῦμαι. ; 
χανδάνω, χείσομαι. 
χέζω, χέσομαι, χεσοῦμαι. 
χορεύω, χορεύσω, χορεύσομαι. 
χφοΐζω, χφοΐξομαι. 
χωρέω, χωρήσω, χωρήσομαι, Herod. 5, 89; Thuc. 2,20. In 
_ the sense to contain, it has χωρήσομαι, Arist. N ub. 1238, 


TENSES, , 37 


§ 62. Not unfrequently the future middle has a passive 
signification ; “ but this usage never became so fixed in par- 
ticular verbs as that exhibited in the preceding section.” 


ἀγωνίζομαι, ἀγωνιοῦμαι (1). 
ag Ta cP Cyr. 3, 2, 18. 
asso, ἀεξήσομαι. - 
αἱρέω, ἀφαιρήσομαι. 
ἀμβλύνω, ἀμβλυνοῦμαι. 
ἀμφισβητέω, ἀμφισβητήσομαι. 
ἀνδραποδίζω, ἀνδραποδιοῦμαν transitive or passive, Herod. 1, 
66 5 6, 17. ; Ἑ 
ἀνύω, ἀνύσομαι. 
ἀπατάω, ἀπατήσομαι, Plat. Phedr. 98, 
ἀπιστέω, ἀπιστήσομαι, Plat. Rep. 5, 2. 
ἀριϑμέω, ἀριϑμήσομαι; Enurip. Bac. "1318. 
ἄρχω, to rule, ἄρξομαι. 
βλάπτω, Ἰπέρόμαι. “di 
βρέχω, βρέξομαι, καταβρέξομαι. / 
δηλόω, δηλώσομαι, Soph. Col. 581. 2 
δίδωμι, ἐκδώσομαι. 
δονέω, δονήσομαι;, Hom. Hym. 1, 270. 
gow, ἐάσομαι. 
εἴργω, εἴρξομαι. 
ἐγεδρεύω, ἐνεδρεύσομαι, Xen. Hel. 7, 2, 18, 
Egy on, ἔρξομαι. 
εὐλογέω, εὐλογήσομαι, Isoc. 190. 
ἐχϑαίρω,. ἐχϑαροῦμαι. 
ζημιόω, ζημιώσομαι, Herod. 7, 39. 
ϑεραπεύω, ϑεραπεύσομαι. 
ϑύω, to Sacrifice, ϑύσομαι. 
ἰνέω, ἰνήσομαι, Hippocr. de Loc. in Homin. ᾧ 38. But’s ac- 
tively, Hippocr. de Morb, Mulier. § 81. 
ἰσχναίνω, ἰσχνανοῦμαι. 
καλέω, καλοῦμαι. 
καταφρονέω, καταφρονήσομαι, Plat. Hip. Maj. 2. 
κηρύσσω, κηρύξομαι, Eurip. Phen, 1631. 
κινέω, κινήσομαι. 
nhovéw, κλονήσομαι, Hippocr. 
κραΐνω, κρανγέομαι. 
κρατέω, κρατήσομαι, Thuc. 4, 9. 
κτείνω, κταγέομαι. 
κωλύω, κωλύσομαι (2), Thuc. 1, 142. 
λανϑάνω, λήσομαι. 
λέγω, to say, λέξομαι. 
4 


Pee ee Neg ee Pe eee 


98 REMARKS. 


λύω, καταλύσομαι (*). 
μαρτυρέω, μαρτυρήδομαι (Ὁ), Xen. Moin 4,8, 10. 
μαστιγόω, μαστιγώϑομαι, Plat. Rep. 2, 5. 
μεϑίημι, μεϑήσομαι. 
μεταμέλομαι, μεταμελήσομαι. 
μισέω, μισήσομαι, Eurip. Troad. 659 ; rei 596. 611. 
μνημονεύω, μνημονεύσομαι, Eurip. Heracl, 384, 
νομίζω, νομιοῦμαι, Hippoer. 
ξηραίνω, ξηρανοῦμαι. 
ὁδάξω, ὁδαξ ξήσομαι. 
οἰκέω, οἰκήσομαι, Thuc. 8, 67; Dem. 1941. 
ὁμαλίξω, ὁμαλιοῦμαι, Xen. GEcon. 18, 5. 
ὁμολογέω, ὁμολογήσομαι, Plat. Theet. 78. 
. ovedito, ὀνειδιοῦμαι. Soph. Tyr. 1500. 
παιδεύω, παιδεύσομαι, Plat. Crito, 15. 
παρηγοφέω, παρηγορήσομαι, Hippocr. 
πέρϑω, πέρσομαι. 
περιέπω, περιέψομαι. 
πληρόω, πληρώσομαι, Dem, 219. 
ποιέω, ποιήσομαι. 
πολεμέω, πολεμήσομαι, Thue. 1,608; 8, 43; 7, 14. 
πολιορκέω, πολιορκήσομαι, Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 15. 
προαγορεύω, προαγορεύσομαι, Xen. Mag. Eq. Sey 
πωλέω, Sell, πωλήσομαι, Athen. 14, 46. 
Gain, ῥαίσομαι (ἢ). 
σπαράσσω, σπαράξομαι, transitive or passive, Eurip. Andr. 
1209 ; Aul. 1459. 
στερέω, στερήσομαι. 
στρεβλόω, στρεβλώσομαι, Plat. Rep. 2, 5. 
᾿ στυγέώ, στυγήσομαι. 
ταράσσω, ταράξομαι, Thue. 7, 36. BY. 
τάσσω, ἐπιτάξομαι. 
τεύχω, τεύξομαι. 
τηρέω, τηρήσομαι, Thue. 4, 30. 
τιμάω, τιμήσομαι generally as passive, Thuc. 2, 87. 
τινάσσω, διατινάξομαι, Eurip. Bac. 588. 
τιτρώσκω, τρώσομαι. 
τύπτω; τυπτήσομαι. 
ὕω, ὕσομαι, Herod. 2, 14. 
φϑονέω, φϑονήσομαι, Dem. 1160. 
φιλέω, φιλήσομαι. 
φρουρέω, φρουρήσομαι (1), Eurip. Ion, 603. 


§ 53. The following mute and pure verbs do not take σ 
in the first aorist active and middle. 


TENSES. 39 


Ghéouas OF ἀλεύομαι, ἠλεάμην, sia σῇ 

δατέομαι, δατέασϑαι. 

καίω, ἔκεα, ἔκηα, ἔκεια, ἐκηάμην, λεϊώμεκορ: 

SEN, ἔσσευα, σεῦα. 

φέρω (ΕΙΝΕΙΚΙΩῚ), ἤνεικα, ἡνεικάμην. , 

χέω, ἔχεα, ἔχευα, ἐχεάμην, ἐχευάμην. It is easy to see why 
ἔχεσα Was avoided ; (compare χέζω, ἔχεσα.) 


§ 54. 1. The first aorist in a few instances takes the 
ebdsige: of the second aorist, -ον, -όμην. 


ἄγω, So — (nfo), imperat. 2 plur. ἄξετε. 

ἀείδω, (εισάμην») τς: (ἠεισόμη»), aor. mid, imperat. ἀείσεο. 

βαΐνω, ἐβησάμην — ἐβησόμην, βήσεο. ‘ 

δύω, ἐδυσάμην a ἐδυσόμην, δύσεο. 

ixo, (iS) — ἷξον, i ἵξες. 

πίπτω, ἔπεσα --- ἔπεσον, πέσοιμι, πεσεῖν, πεσών. 

φέρω, (goa) — aor. imperat. οἷσε, οἰσέτω, οἴσετε, infin. οἰσέμε- 

VOL, οἱσέμεν, οἴσειν. 

χέζω, ἔχεσα ---- ἔχεσον, χεσεῖν. 

See also the imperatives λέξεο and ὄρσεο or ὄρσευ, from 
AEXN, ὄρνυμι, (§ 71.) 


2. On the other hand, the second aorist sometimes takes the 
endings of the first aorist, -«, -άμην. 


αἵρέω, εἱλόμην ποτ᾿ εἱλάμην. . 
ἘΠ14), εἶπον -- εἶπα, εἴπαιμι, εἶπον ΟΥ̓ εἰπόν, εἶπα, εἴπαρ: 
εὑρίσκω, εὑρόμην - εὑράμην. 

ὀσφραΐνομαι, ὠσφρόμην -- ὠσφράμην. 

φέρω, ἤνεγκον — ἤνεγκα, ἐνέγκαιμι, ἠνεγκάμην. 


§ 55. The aorist active has two endings; namely, σα 
᾿ (sometimes gov, § 54. 1), and ον (sometimes a, δῷ 53: 54. 2). 

in the middle, the former becomes σάμην (sometimes σόμηνῚ, 
and the latter ὅμην (sometimes ayyy). | 


§ 36. 1. With respect to the first aorist of liquid verbs, 
we may suppose that originally it was formed by annexing σὰ 
to the simple root of the verb (§ 47). In process of time the 
o was dropped and the penult was lengthened. E. g. 


σφάλλω (ἔσφαλσα), ἔσφηλα. 
στέλλω (ἔστελσαὶ, ἔστειλα. 
τίλλω (ξτιλσαὶ, ἔττλα. 

νέμω (ἔνεμσα), ἔνειμα. 
μένω (ἔμενσα), ἔμεινα. 
κείρω, ἕκερσα, ἔκειρα. 


Ν 


40 REMARKS. ' 


2. This being admitted, it will not be. difficult to perceive 
that the diphthong ou in the penult of the actual present must 
first be shortened into wand then lengthened anew into ἡ or a. 
E. αἱ. 

yeoaiow, ἐγέρᾶρα, Pind. Olym. 5, 10. 

καϑαΐίρω, ἐκάϑηρα Or ἐκάϑᾶρα, καϑάρω;, SC. 

μιαίνω, ἐμίηνα Or éuldva, μιήνω, το. 

φαίνω, ἔφηνα, φήνω, Sc. 

φλεγμαίνω, épléyunva, Hippocr. de Aer. 8 22. 


3. Observe further, that the radical vowel (α) of αἴρω and 
ἅλλομαι becomes ἡ only in the indicative in consequence of 
the temporal augment. In the other moods it becomes a. 
Thus, 

αἴρω, ἦρα, dow (a), ἄραιμι, ἄρον, ἄρας, S&C. 

ἄλλομαι, ἡλάμην, ἅλωμαι (αῚ, ὅσο. 


PERFECT ACTIVE AND PASSIVE AND AORIST PASSIVE. 


ᾧ 2. Ina few instances the last vowel (usually ε) of the 
root becomes o or ὦ in the first perfect. 


ἄγω, ἀγήοχα, αγήγοχα, αγαγοχεια. 

ἀείρω (4ΕΡΩ, pluperf. pass. 3 sing. ἄωρτο (for ἤερτο). 

δείδω (JEIN), δέδοικα analogous to λέλοιπα from λείπω. 

ἐσϑίω (%m), ἐδήδοκα, ἐδήδομαι, implying E4EN formed from 
the simple theme dw. : 5 

ἔχω, perf. part. συνοχωκώς (for cuvoxwyoic). 

inus (EL), ἕωκα, ἕωνται, ἀνέωνταν OF ἀνέονται, analogous to 
ἔωϑα from 79m, and ἔολπα, ἐώλπειν, from ἕλπω. 

κλέπτω, κέκλοφα, analogous to πέπονθα from ZENO. 

λαγχάνω (AEX), λέλογχα. tse 

λέγω, to collect, εἴλοχα. 

μείρομαν (MEPL), perf. pass, part. μεμορμένος. 

ξυννεφέω, ξυννένοφα. | | 

πάσχω, πέποσχα, analogous to aynyoya from ἄγω. 

πέμπω, πέπομφα, Thuc. 7, 12. ᾿ 

πλέκω, πέπλοχα, Hippocr. | 3 ἮΝ ΝΣ 

στρέφω, ἔστροφα. 

τρέπω, τέτροφα ANG ἔτροφα. 

φέρω (ΕΝΕΚ.Ω), ἐνήνοχα. 


§ 38. The perfect passive subjunctive of a few verbs in 
ἄω and ἐω is formed after the analogy of verbs in μὲ (ἵστημι, 
ἱστῶμαι, ἀφίστηται " δύναμαι, δύνωμαι). 


TENSES. 41 


κτάομαι, κέκτημαι --- κεκτῶμαι, κεκτῇ, κεχτῆται, plur. κεκτώμε- 
ϑα, κεκτῆσϑε, κεχτῶνται ᾿" ΟΥ̓ χέχτωμαι, κέχτῃ, κέκτηται, plur. 
κεχτώμεϑα, κέχτησϑε, κέχτωνται. 

μιμνήσκω, μέμνημαι ---- μεμνῶμαι, μεμνῇ, μεμνῆται, plur. μεμνώ- 
μεϑα, μεμνῆσϑε, μεμνῶνται " OF μέμνωμαι; μέμνῃ, μέμνηται, 
plur. “μεμνώμεϑα, “μέμνησϑε, μέμνωνται- ; 

ὄρνυμι, ὀρώρεμαι ἜΡΟΝ perf. mid, subj. 3 sing. ὀρώρηται. 

τέμνω, τέτμημαι ---- ἐκτέτμησϑον. 


§ 39. 1. The perfect passive optative of ἃ fui verbs in 
aw follows the analogy of verbs in μὲ (ἵστημι, ἱσταίμην" duva- 
μαι, δυναίμην), but almost always changes αὖ into 7. 


» βάλλω, βέβλημαι ---- βεβλήμην, 2 plur. βεβλῇσϑε, διαβεβλῇσϑε. 

Compare βλῆο, and ἐμπλήμην from πέμπλημι.. ᾿ 

καλέω, κέκλημαι ---- κεκλήμην, κεκλῇο, κεκλῇτο, plur, κεκλήμεϑα, 

° κεκλῇσϑε, κεχλῇντο. 

κτάομαι, κέκτημαι --- κεχτήμην, κεχτῇο, κεκτῆτο, plur. κεκτήμεϑα, 
κεκέῆσϑε, κεκτῇντο. 

λύω, λέλυμαι ---- λελύμην, 3 sing. λελῦτο, like δαινῦτο from dai- 
yuu. The z is rejected, because the diphthong vw cannot 
stand before a consonant (Eustath, ad. Il, 13, 379). 

μιμνήσκω, μέμνημαι — μεμνήμην, μεμνῇο, μεμνῇτο, plur. μεμνή.-- 
pedo, μεμνῇσϑε, μεμνῆντο, also μεμναΐίατο (Fonie for μέ- 
uvawto like δύναιντο). 


2. Two verbs, χτάομαν and μιμνήσκω, form the perfect pas- 
sive optative sleo after the analogy of contract verbs 1 in aw (τι- 
μάω, τιμαοίμην τιμῴμην). 

κτάομαι, κέκτημαι --- κεκτῴμην, κεχτῷο, κεκτῷτο, Plur. κεχτῳμε- 

oa, κεκτῷσϑε, κεχτῷντο. 

μιμνήσχω, μέμνημαι --- μεμνῴμην, μεμνῷο, μεμνῷτο (resolved 

μεμνέῳτο), plur, μεμνῴμεϑα, μεμνῷσϑε, prergres. 


3. Further, for μεμνῇο or μεμνῷο, we find μέμνοιο, a genuine 
form, because contrary to analogy. Compare κρεμοίμην, κρέ- 
μοισϑε, from χρέμαμαι " also μέμνεο, μεμνόμενος. 


4. The subjunctive of κάϑημαι (from the theme “£2) is 
κάϑωμαι, κάϑῃ, κάϑηται" καϑώμεϑα, κάϑησϑε, κάϑωνται, with 
the accent as far back as possible. The optative, καϑοίμην, 
κάϑοιο, κάϑοιτο, &c. follows the analogy of verbs in w (τυπτοί- 
pny, -o10); Compare μέμνοιο (§ 59. 3). 


§60. Ina few instances, the perfect passive infinitive 
and participle take the accent of the corresponding forms of 
the present, that is, on the antepenult. 

"4% 


Pet ee SS eee Ο 


a ee ee Oe eT, Oe ΓΦ ὙΠ ee eee, ae ee ee Tee en ΤΕ er ee er ee, 


42 REMARKS. 


ἀκαχίξω, ἀκάχημαι — ἀκάχησϑαι, ἀκαχήμενος OF. ἀκηχέμενος, like 
τίϑεσϑαι, τιϑήμενος. and τιϑέμενος. 
ἁλάομαι, ἀλάλημαι — ἀλάλησθϑαι,. ἀλαλήμενος.. 
ἀλιτραίνω --- ἀλιτήμενος. 
ἐλαύνω, ἐλήλαμαι a ἐληλάμενος. 
ἝΩ, ΄κάϑημαι ---ἥμενος, καϑήμενος, the infinitive always χα- 
ϑῆσϑαι properispomenon. 
μιμοήσκω, μέμνημαι --- μεμνόμενος With the ending of the 
- present.. ᾿ 
| SET2Q ---- ἐσσύμενος.. 


Observe that the perfect of these verbs has the foree of the 
present. 


§ 61. Not unfrequently the perfect and aorist passive of 
pure verbs insert σ before μαι, Oy. 


AAS Ω, ἀάσϑην. 
ἄγαμαι, ἡ ἠγάσϑην. 
αἰδέομαι, ἤδεσμαι, ἠδέσϑην. 
ἀκούω, ἤκουσμαι, ἠκούσϑην. 

᾿ς ἄλέω, ἀλήλεσμαι, ἠλέσϑην. 
ἄλϑομαι, ἀλϑεσϑῆναι. 

; ἀμφιέννυμι, ἠμφίεσμαι. 
ἀνύω, ἤνυσμαι, ἠνύσϑην. 
ἀρέσκω, ἠρέσϑην. 
ἀρύω, ἠρύσϑην. 
ἄχϑομαι, ἠχϑέσϑην. 
βαίνω, βέβασμαι. 
βοάω, ἐβώσϑην. 
βυέω, βέβυσμαι. 
γελάω, ἐγελάσϑην. 
γιγνώσκω, ἔγνωσμαι, ἐγνώσϑη»ν. 
δαίνυμι, ἐδαίσϑην. 
δαίομαι, δέδασμαι. 
δέω, to bind, δέδέσμαι. 
δράω; δέδρασμαι, ἐδράσϑην. 
δύναμαι, ἐδυνάσϑην. 
εἰρύω, εἴρυσμαι, ᾿εἰρύσϑην. 
ἐλαύγω, ἐλήλασμαι, ἠλάσϑην. 
Ἐ47.), ἐλύσϑην. ; 
ἕγγυμι, ἕσμαι,. δέσμην. 
ἐσϑίω, ἐδήδεσμαι, ἡδέσϑην. 
ζέω, ἔζεσμαι, ἐζέσϑην. 
ζώννυμι, ἔζωσμαι. 

Flaw, τέϑλασμαι. 
ϑραύω, τέϑραυμαι and τέϑραυσμαι, ἐθραύσϑην, Plat. Leg. 
6,5; Xen. Ages, 2, 14; Soph. Antig. 476. 


TENSES. 43 


ἱλάσκομαι, ἱλάσϑην. 

καλέω, ἐκαλέσϑην. 

κελεύω, κεκέλευσμαι, ἐκελεύσϑην,. Xen. Cyr. 8, 8, 14; Thue. 
A, 139. ‘ 

κεράνγυμι, κεκέρασμαι, ἐκεράσϑην. 

κλαίω, ἐκλαύσϑην. 

κλάω, break, κέκλασμαι, ἐκλάσϑην. 

κλείω, to shut, κέκλεισμαι, ἐκλείσϑην. 

union, κεκλήισμαι, ἐχληίσϑην. 

HHL, κέκναισμαι, ἐκναίσϑην, Arist. Nub. 120; Pac...251 ; 
Hippocr. 

κγάω, κέκνησμαι, ἐκνήσϑην. 

κολούω, ἐκολούσϑην and ἐκολούϑην, Thue. 7, 66. 

HOQEVIU UL, HELOQET UAL, ἐκορέσϑην. 

κρεμάνγυμι, ἐκρεμάσϑην. 

κρούω, κέκρουμαν OF κέκρουσμαι, ἐκρούσϑην, Arist. wey 459 : 
Xen. Hel. 7, 4, 26; Thue. 4, 7. 

κυλίω, κεκύλισμαι, Ἰκυλίσϑην. 

λεύω, to stone, ἐλεύσϑην, Soph. Col. 435. 

μάχομαι, μεμάχεσμαι. 

μεϑύω, μεμέϑυσμαι, ἐμεϑύσϑην. 

μιμνήσκω, ἐμνήσϑην. 

vain, νένασμαι, ἐνάσϑην. 

γέω, to heap, νένησμαι. ξ 

γέω, 10 Spin, νένησμαι. 

ξέω, % βρόμον: 

Eva, é ἔξυσμαι, ἐξύσϑην. 

οἴομαι, ὠΐσϑην. 

ὄμνυμι, ὀμώμουσμαι, ὠμόσϑην. 

ὄνομαι, ὠνόσϑην. 

παίω, πέπαισμαι; ἐπαίσϑην. 

παλαίω, πεπάλαισμαι, ἐπαλαίσϑην. 

πατέομαι, πεπάσμην. 

παύω, ἐπαύσϑην. 

πετάνγυμι, πεπέτασμαι, ἐπετάσϑην. 

πίμπλημι, πέπλησμαι; ἐπλήσϑην. ᾿ 

πίμπρημι, πέπρησμαι, ἐπρήσϑην. : 

. πιπίσκω, ἐπίσϑην. 

πλέω, πέπλευσμαι, ἐπλεύσϑην. , εἰδῇ 

πνέω, ἐπνεύσϑην. ; : 

πρίω;, πέπρισμαι, ἐπρίσϑην. 

ῥαίω, ἐῤῥαίσϑην, Aisch, Prom, 189. 

ῥώννυμι, ἐῤῥώσϑην. ; 

σάω, sift, σέσησμαι. 

σβέννυμι, ἔσβεσμαι. 

σείω, σέσεισμαι, ἐσείσϑην. 


44 -- REMARKS, 


σκεδάννυμι, ἐσκέδασμαι, ἐσκεδάσϑην. 

σπάω, ἔσπασμαι, ἐσπάσϑην. 

στορέννυμι, ἐστορέσϑην. 

τανύω, τετάνυσμαι, ἐτανύσϑην. 

τελέω, τετέλεσμαι, ἐτελέσϑην. 

τίνω, τέτισμαι, ἐτίσϑην. 

ὕω, ὕσμαι, ὕσϑην, Xen. Ven. 9, 5; Herod. 8, 10. 

φέρω, (φσϑην») οἰσϑήσομαι. 

φλάω, πέφλασμαι, ἐφλάσϑην. 

φλύω, scorch, πέφλευσμαι, περιπέφλευσμαι. 

φρέω, ἐφρήσϑην, in Suidas (voc. ἐκφρησϑέντων). 

χαλάω, κεχάλασμαι, ἐχαλάσϑην. 5 

χόω and χώννυμι,. κέχωσμαι, sah 

χφάομαι, ἐχρήσϑην. 

χφάω, κέχρησμαι, ἐχρήσϑην. 

χρίω, κέχοῖ μαν and κέχρισμαι, ἐχρίσϑην, Herod. 4, 189; Xen. 
Cyr. 7,5, 22; Ausch. Prom. 675. 

χώννυμι, 868 you. 

ψαύω, ἔψαυσμαι, Hippocr.; ἐψαύσθην later. 


THIRD FUTURE PASSIVE. 


§ 62. The number of verbs, of which the third future 
passive is used, seems to be small. 


It is observed that liquid verbs and verbs beginning with a 
vowel have no third future passive ; except φύρω, πεφύρσομαι. 


It is hardly necessary to remark, that, with respect to signi- 
fication, the third future passive is equivalent to the perfect 
passive participle and the future of εἰμί. Thus, γεγράψομαι is 


γεγραμμένος ἔσομαι. 


βάλλω, βέβλησαι — βεβλήσομαι. 

βιβρώσκω, βέβρωσαι — βεβρώσομαι. 

βλάπτω, βέβλαψαι -- βεβλάψομαι. 

γράφω, γέγραψαν ---- γεγράψομαι, Soph. Tyr. Ait. 
δαμάω, δέδμησαι — δεδμήσομαι.. 

δέχομαι, δέδεξαι ---- δεδέξομαι. 

δέω, δέδεσαι — δεδήσομαι equivalent to δεϑήσομαι. 
δηλόω, δεδήλωσαι ---- δεδηλώσομαι, Hippocr. — 
Santo, τέϑαψαι — τεϑάψομαι. 

καλέω, κέκλησαι -- κεκλήσομαι. 

κλαίω, κέκλαυσαι ---- κεκλαύσομαι. 

κλείω, κέκλεισαι --- κεκλείσομαι. 

KONTO, κέκοψαι — κεκόψομαι. 


TENSES. 45 


κρύπτω, κέκρυψαι -- κεκρύψομαι. 

κτάομαι, HEXTNO OL — κεχτήσομαι, ee as the future to χέ- 
κτημαι. 

λανϑάνω, λέλησαι — λελήσομαι as middle. 

λέγω, λέλεξαι — λελέξομαι, Thuc. 3, 53. 

λείπω, λέλειψαι --- λελείψομαι as the future to λέλειμμαι. 

λύω, λέλυσαι — λελύσομαι. 

μίγνυμι, μέμιξαι ms μεμέξομαι. ; 

μιμνήσκω, μέμνησαι — μεμνήσομαι as future to μέμνημαι. 

παύω, πέπαυσαιν — πεπαύσομαι as middle. 

πίμπρημι, πέπρησαι - πεπρήσομαι. 

πιπράσκω, πέπρᾶσαι ---- πεπράσομαι equivalent to the rare πρα- 
ϑήσομαι. τ 

πλήσσω, πέπληξ αι — πεπλήξ ὁμαι. 

ποιέω, πεποίησαν — πεποιήσομαι equivalent to ποιηϑήσομαι. 

πράσσω, πέπραξαι ---- - πεπράξομαι. 

ῬΕΩ, εἴρησαι -Ξ εἰρήσεται. 

σιγάω, σεσίγησαι — σεσιγήσομαι, Plat. Epist. 8, 311, 17. 

σχοπέω, ἔσκεψαι — ἐσκέψομαι, as future passive. 

τανύω, τετάνυσαν — τεταγύσομαι. 

τάσσω, τέταξαι ---- τετάξομαι. 

τέμνω, τέτμησαι --- τετμήσομαι. i 

τεύχω, τετυξαν -- τετεύξομαι. : 

τιμάω, τετίμησαι - τετιμήσομαι; Lysias, 885, 

τρέπω, τέτραψαι ---- τετράψομαι. 

φάω, to shine, (πέφησαι) --- πεφήσομαι as future middle. 

DAN, to kill, πέφᾶασαι — πεφήσομαι. 

φιλέω, πεφίλησαι — πεφιλήσομαι. : 

φύρω, πέφυρσαι -- πεφύρσομαι. hte 

χολόω, κεχόλωσαι. πιὸ κεχολώσομαι as future middle. 

χράομαι, κέχρησαι — κεχρήσομαι. 


G3. In ἃ few instances, the third future occurs also in the 
active. But, with the exception of ἑστήξω and τεϑνήξω, it takes 
the ending of the future middle, after the analogy of active verbs 
of which the future assumes the ending of the middle (§ 51). 


ϑνήσκω, τέϑγηκα — τεϑνήξω, τεϑνήξομαι. 

ἵστημι, ἕστηκα — ἑστῴξω, ἑστήξομαι- 4 

κήδω, κέκηδα --- (κεκαδήσω), xexidjoouct. Here the radical 
vowel was shortened because κεκηδησομαι could not be 
used in a dactylic verse. _ 

κλάζω, xixhayya — (xexhoyso), κεκλάγξομαι. 

κράξω, κἐκρᾶγα — (κεκράξ Sw), κεκράξομαι. 

χαίρω, κεχαρηώς ---- κεχαρήσω, κεχαρήσομαι. 


46 REMARKS. 


As the perfect of these verbs has the force of the present, it 
is evident that the third future is their natural future; just as 
μεμνήσομαι is the natural future of μέμνημαι. 


_ SECOND AORIST AND SECOND PERFECT. 


§64. The following list contains nearly all those verbs of 
which the second aorist and second perfect are used. 


Observe that the radical vowel of ἀγείρω, ἀλέξω, ἐγείρω, 
EAETON, ἕπω, ἔχω; κέλομαι, πέτομαι, TEM, DENN, is 
dropped in the forms ἀγρόμενος, ἄλαλκον, ἤλϑον, ἔσπον and 
ἑσπόμην, ἔσχον and ἐσχόμην, κεκλόμην and ἐκεκλόμην, ἐπτόμην, 
τέτμον and ἔτετμον, πέφνον and ἔπεφνον. 


Observe, also, that metathesis takes place in ἤμβροτον from 
ἁμαρτάνω" ἵδραπον, ἐδράκην, from δέρκομαι" ἔδραπον from δρέ- 
. πω᾿ ἔπραϑον, ἐπραϑόμην, from πέρϑω: and τραπείομεν from 
τέρπω. 


ἀγγέλλω, ἤγγελον" ἡγγέλην" ἡἠγγελόμην. 

ἀγείρω, ἠγερόμην, part. syncopated ἀγρόμενος. 

ἄγνυμι, ἐάγην rarely ἄγην " ἔᾶγα, Ἰοηϊο ἐ enya as intransitive 
or passive. 

ἄγ ω, ἤγαγον" ny γαγόμην. 

αἱρέω (EAN), εἷλον " εἱλόμην, εἱλάμην (8. δ4. 2). 

αἴρω, 2-aor. subj. ἐξάρῃ (ἄρῃ), rather coubtial : ἠρόμην. 

αἰσϑάνομαι, ἠσϑόμην. 

ἀκαχίζω, 7 ἤκαχον " ἠκαχόμην. 

ἀκούω, ἀκήκοα. 

ἀλδαίνω, ἤλδανον. 

ἀλείφω, ἡλίφην. 

ἀλέξω (4.4 ΚΩ), ἤλαλκόν, rarely ἤλκαϑον. 

ἀλιτραίνω, ἤλιτον " ἡλιτόμην. 

ἀλλάσσω, ἠλλάγην.. ΐ 

ἄλλομαι, ἡλόμην. 

ἀλύσκω, ἀλύσκανον. 

ἀλφάνω, ἦλφον. 

ἁμαρτάνω, ἥμαρτον, Epic ἤμβροτον. 

ἀμπέχω, ἤμπισχον" ἠμπισχόμην, ἡ ἠμπεσχόμην. 

ἀμπλακίσκω, ἤμπλακον, ἤμβλακον. 

ἀμύνω, ἠμύναϑον * nuvvadtounr. 

ἁνδάνω, ἕαδον, ἅδον, Epic εὔαδον  ἕᾶδα, Doric ἔᾶδα.- 

ANEON, ἀνήνοϑα as present. 

ἀνοίγω, 1 ἠνοίγην" ἀνέῳγα as present neuter. 

ἀνώγω, ἄνωγα as present, 


οἱ 


TENSES, .- 47 


ἀπαφίσκω, ἤπαφον' ἡπαφόμην. 

ἀπεχϑάνομαι, ἀπηχϑόμην. 

ἀραρίσκω, ἤραρον᾽" ἠραρόμην " ἄρᾶρα, Tonic ἃ ἀρηρα, Epic. part. 
ἀρᾶρυϊα, as present neuter. 

ἀριστάω, ἠρίσταα. 

ἄρπάζω, ἡρπάγην. 

APH, see ἐπαυρίσκω, ἐπαυρίσκομαι. 

βαίνω, βέβαα. 

βάλλω, ἔβαλον " ἐβαλόμην. 

Banta, ἐβάφην. . : 

BAPEQ, 2 perf. part. βεβαρηώς as passive. 

βιβρώσκω, 2 perf. part. βεβρώς. 

βλάπτω, ἐβλάβην. 

βλαστάνω, ἔβλαστον. 

βλώσκω (MOAN), ἕμολον. 

βούλομαι, Epic προβέβουλα as present. 

BPAXD, ἔβραχον. 

βφέχω, ἐβράχην. 

βρίϑω, βέβρεϑα as present. 

BPOXN, ἐβρόχην. 

γεγωγίσκω; γέγωνα AS present. 

γηϑέω, γέγηϑα, Doric γέγᾶϑα, as present. 

γίγνομαι, ἐγενόμην " γέγονα, Poetic γέγαα. 

γλύφω, ἐγλύφην. 

 7ζράφω, ἐγράφην, Thuc. 1,133. The 1 aor. pass. ἐγράφϑην 
does not occur, at least in good Greek. 

Saiw, to burn, ἐδαύμην " Sedna as present neuter, 

δάκνω, ἀν (déxaxor). 

δαμάω, ἐδάμην. Αἱ : 

δαρϑάνω, ἔδαρϑον, Epic ἔδραϑον  ἐδάρϑην, ἐδράϑην, as ac- 
tive. 

AA, to teach, ἔδαον (déduor) * ἐδάην, δέδαα.. 

χων: ἡεδείννωα, 

δέρκομαι, ἔδρακον " ἐδράκην " δέδορκα as present. 

δέρω, ἐδάρην. : 

ΖΔΊΚ.Ω, ἔδικον. ; 

διώκω, ἐδιώκαϑον. ΄ 

δουπέω, ἔδουπον" δέδουπα. 

δρέπω, ἔδραπον. 

δύω, ἐδύην. 

ἐγείρω, ἡγφόμην syncopated : ἐγρήγορα as-present neuter. 

ἐέργω, ἐέργαϑον. ᾿ 

ἔϑω, εἴωϑα, lonic ἔωϑα, as present. 

EIAR (IAN), εἶδον (ἴδον), εἶδα (8. 54. 2) : εἰδόμην, ἰδόμην " 
οἶδα as present: 2 pluperf. ἤδὲιν as imperfect. 


ee EE CS ey ee ὙΌΣ gp ee ΡΥ ee Ἢρ ΡΨ Ce on Pee ee ee ιν δ Bite ais Pee, eae ye ee 
art aw ἊΣ Te δ ee 7 oe m ee ies 


48 REMARKS. 


sixw, to appear, seem, ἔοικα (sina), Ionic oixa, as present: 
2 pluperf. ggxew as ‘imperfect. 

six, to yield, εἴκαθαν. 

εἴλω, ἐάλην, ἄλην. 

EMD, εἶπον, εἶπα (§ 54. 2), Epic ἔειπον, ἔσπον. 

εἴργω, εἴργαϑον" εἰργαϑόμην. 

ἔλπω, ἔολπα as present middle: 2 pluperf. ἐώλπειν as imper- 
fect middle. 

évaiow, ἤναρον. 

ENEON, ἐνήνοϑα as present. 

ἐνέπω ΟΥ̓ ἐννέπω, ἕγνισπον. 

ἐνίπτω and évicow, to chide, Pee 90 ἡνίπαπον, ἐνένιπτον, or 
ἐνένισπον. 

ἐπαυρίσκω, ἐπαυρίσκομαι, ikotpor * ἐπηυρόμην. 

ἕπω, ἕπομαι, ἔσπον ᾿ ξσπόμην. 

ETN, see ΕἸΠ.Ω. 

ἔργω (εἔργω), ἔργαϑον" ἐργαϑόμη γ. 

ἔρδω or ἕρδω (EPT2), to do, ἔοργα " 2 pluperf. ἐώργειν. 

ἐρείκω, ἤρικον commonly intransitive. 

ἐρείπω, ἤριπον intransitive : noinny * ἐρήριπα as neuter. 

EPOMAI, to ask, ἠρόμην. 

ἐρυγγάνω, ἤρυγον. 

ἐρύκω, ἠρύκακον. 

ἔρχομαι (Ε476.2, EAON), ἤλυϑον, nidov* ἐλήλυϑα, Epic 
εἰλήλουϑα, ἐληλουϑώς, rarely ἤλυϑα. 

odio and ἔδω (ΦΆΓΩ), ἔφαγον " ἔδηδα. : 

εὑρίσκω, εὗρον * εὑρόμην, εὑράμην (ᾧ δ4. 2). 

ἔχω, ἔσχον, ἔσχεϑον * ἐσχόμην. ; 

ξεύγνυμι, ἐζύγην. 

ϑαάλλω, ἔϑαλον" τέϑηλα (τεϑἄλυϊα), Doric té9 aia, as present. 

Santw, ἐτάφην. 

OADN, ἕταφον " τέϑηπα as present. 

ϑείνω, ἔϑενον. 

ϑέρομαι, ἐϑέρην. 

ϑιγγάνω, ἔϑιγον. 
ϑλίβω, ἐθλίβην, ἐκϑλιβῶ, Hippocr. de Loc. in Homin, ᾧ 15. 

ϑγήσκω, ἔϑανον" τέϑναα. 

ϑρύπτω, ἐτρύφην. 

ϑρώσκω, ἔϑορον. 

ἱκνέομαι, ἱκόμην. 

ἵστημι, ἕσταα AS present intransitive. 

nolver, & ἕκανγονγ. 

καίω, ἐκάην. 

κάμνω, ἔκαμον (κέχαμον) * ἐπαμόμην" 2 perf. part, κεημηῶς. 

ΚΑΦΕΩ, 2 perf. part. κεκαφηώς as present. 


. TENSES, | 49 


κείρω, ἐχάρην. 
κέλομαι, κεκλόμην, ἐκεκλόμην. 
κεύϑω, ἔκυϑον (κέκυϑον) κέχευϑα as present. — 
κήδω, κέκηδα as present middle. 
κιχάνω, ἕκιχον. 
κίω, ἐκίαϑον. 
κλάζω, ἔκλαγον " κέκληγα, κέκλαγγα; as, present, 
κλέπτω, ἔκλαπον ᾿ ἐχλάπην. 
κλίνω, ἐκλίνην. } 
κόπτω, ἐκύπην " κέκοπα. : 
κορέννυμι, 2 perf. part. κεχορηώς as middie, 
xotéw, 2 perf. part. κεκοτηώς. +e: 
κράζω, ἔκραγον " κἐχρᾶγα as present. | ᾿ 
ΚΡΙΖ4), ἔκρικον " κἔέκρῖγα as present. 
κρύπτω, ἔκρυβον. ἐκρύβην, also (ἐκρύφην) κρυφείς. 
κτείνω, ἔχτανον " ἔκτογα. 
κτυπέω, ἔκτυπον. 
; λαγχάνω, ἔλαχον (λέλαχο»). 

λαμβάνω, ἔλαβον " ἐλαβόμην Gatun). 
λάμπω, λέλαμπα, Eurip. Andr. 5. 
λανϑάνω, ἔλαϑον (λέλαϑον) " ΤΣ (λελαϑόμη») { λέληϑα 

(Doric λέλᾶϑα as middle). 
λάσκω, ἔλακον " ἐλακόμην (Aehanouny)* λέλᾶκα, Epic λέληκα 
(λελάκυϊα), as present, 
λέγω, to collect, ἐλέγην. ᾿ ι 
λείπω, ἕλιπον * ἐλιπόμην * λέλοιπαι. ν 
λείχω, ὦ perf. part. λελειχμώς. 
hinw, ἐλάπην, Arist. frag, 211, The 1 aor. pass. is not found. 
λίσσομαι, ἐλιτόμην. 
μαίνω, ἐμάνην " μέμηνα ἃ8 present middle. 
μανϑάνω, ἔμαϑον. 
μάρπτω, ἔμαπον (μέμαπον, μέμαρπτον) " μέμαρπα. 
μάσσω (MAT), ἐμάγην, Plat, Theet. 118,. 
MAN and MENN, μέμαα, μέμονα, as present. , 
MEIP, ἔμμορον " ἔμμορα as middle. 
μέλω, μέμηλα as present, 
μένω, μέμονα. : 
μηκχάομαι, ἔμακον * μέμηκα as present. . 
μίγνυμι, ἐμίγην. iat a 
μυκάομαι, ἔμυκον * μέμῦχα as present... 
»εφέω, ξυννεφέω, § ξυγνένοφα. 
οἴγω, otyny, ἔῳγα, see the compound ἀνοίγω. 
ὀλισϑαίνω, WaPo. 
ὄλλυμι, ὠλόμην, Choke. 
δράω (ON), ὄπωπα. 
ῖ 5 


50 REMARKS. 


ὄρνυμι, ὥρορον " ὡρόμην * Gowge as present middle. 
ὀρύσσω, ὠρύγην. 
ὀσφραίνομαι, ὠσφρόμην, ὠσφράμην (§ 54, 2). 
ὀφείλω, ὦφελον. 
ὀφλισκάνω, ὦφλον. 
πάλλω, 2 aor. part. πεπαλών, ἀμπεπαλών " ἐπάλην. 
πάσχω, ἔπαϑον" πέπονθα, Epic πέπηϑα (nen&Ovia), rare and 
Doric πέποσχα. 
πείϑω, ἔπιϑον (πέπιϑον) - ἐπιϑόμην (πεπιϑόμην) " πέποιϑα 
as present middle. 
πείρω, ἐπάρην. 
πέρδομαι, ἔπαρδον " πέπορδα as present. 
πέρϑω, ἔπραϑον" ἐπραϑόμην. 
πέτομαι, ἐπτόμην. ᾿ 
πήγνυμι, ἐπάγην " πέπηγα, Doric πέπᾶγα, aS present middle. 
πίνω, ἔπιον. . 
πίπτω, ἔπετον, ἔπεσον (8 δ4. 1)" 2 perf. part. "αόπφησί; πε-- 
πτεώς, πεπτώς. 
πλέκω, ἐπλάκην, Eurip. Hip. 1996. The 1 aor. pass. ἐπλέ- 
χϑὴν is also used as middle, Odys. 23,3; Aisch. Eum. 
259. 
πλήϑω, πέπληϑα. 
πλήσσω, πέπληγον * ἐπλήγην, ἐπλάγην ᾿ πεπληγόμην " πέπληγα. 
πνίγω, ἐπνίγην. | 
HOP, ἔπορον (πεπαρεῖν). 
πράσσω, πέπρᾶγα, Tonic πέπρηγα, intransitive. 
πτάρνυμαι, sc, aol ἐπτάρην. 
πτήσσω, ἔπτακον " 2 perf. part. πεπτηώς. 
᾿πτύρομαι, ἐπτύρην, Hippocr. 
πτύσσω (TIT. WZ), ἐπτύγην, Hippoer. 
πτύω, ἐπτύην. 
πυνϑάνομαι, ἐπυϑόμην. 
ῥάπτω (ΡΑ4ΦΩ), ἐῤῥδάφην, Eurip. Bac. 243. 
δέω, ἐῤῥύην. 
ῥήγνυμι, ἐῤῥάγην * ἔῤῥωγα as present passive. 
ῥιγέω, ἔῤῥτγα as present. 
ῥίπτω, ἐῤῥίφην. 
σαΐίρω, σέσηρα as present neuter. 
SET, 2 aor. pass. sing. ἀπέσσουα (ἔσσουα). 
σήπω, ἐσάπην * σέσηπα. as passive or middle. 
σκάπτω (SKADMN), ἐσκάφην, Eurip. Hee. 22. The 1 aor. 
pass. is not found. 
ZKEAAN, 2 perf. part. ἐσκληώς as middle. 
σμύχω, ἐσμύγην doubtful, Lucian. Dial. Mort. 6, 3. 
σπείρω, ἐσπάρην. 


PL et ye. Ne 


TENSES, 


στείχω, ἔστιχον. 

στέλλω, ἐστάλην. 

στέργω, ἔστοργα, Herod. 7,.104. 
στερέω, ἐστέρην. 

στρέφω, ἐστράφην. 

στυγέω, ἔστυγον. 

σύρω, ἐσύρην. 

σφάζω or σφάττω, ἐσφάγην. 
σφάλλω, ἐσφάλην. 

ΤΑΓΩ, 2 aor. part. τεταγών.- 
TAAAN, τέτλαα, τετληώς. 
τάσσω, ἐτάγην. 


δ1 


τέμνω, ἔτεμον, ἔταμον " ἐτεμόμην, ἐταμόμην. 2 perf. part. τε- 


τμηώς as passive. | 
TEM., τέτμον, ἔτετμον. Ἴ 


τέρπω;, ἐτάρπην (τραπείομε») * ᾿ἐταρπόμην (τεταρπόμη»). 


τέρσομαι, ἐτέρσην. 

τήκω, ἐτάκην ᾿ τέτηκα aS middle. 
TIEN, 2 perf. μὰ τετιηώς. 

τίκτω, ἔτεκον " ἐτεκόμην " τέτοκα. 
τιτρώσκω, τέτορον. : 
τιτύσκομαι, τέτυκον ᾿ τετυκόμην. 
τμήγω, ἔτμαγον " ἐτμάγην, ἐτμήγην- 
τορέω, ἕτορον- 

τρέπω, ἔτραπον " ἐτράπην ᾿ ἐτραπόμην. 
τρέφω, ἔτραφον " ἐτράφην. : 
τρέχω (APAMN, JPEMN), ἔδραμον " δέδρομα. 
τρίβω, ἐτρίβην (7), Arist. Pac. 71. 
τρίξω, τέτρτγα as present. 


TQ0) yo, ἔτραγον. 


τυγχάνω, ἔτυχον. 
τύπτω, ἔτυπον (τέτυπον) " ἐτύπην. 
τύφω, ἐτύφην. 


dle. 


φαΐνω, tpavov* éparny* ἐφανόμην doubtful : πέφηνα as-mid- 


φείδομαι, πεφιδόμην. 

DENS, πέφνον, ἔπεφνον. 

φέρβω, πέφορβα. 

φέρω (ΕΝΕΓΚΩῚ, ἢ ἤνεγκον, ἤνεγκα (8 δ4. 2). 
φεύγω, ἔφευγον * πέφευγα, πεφυζότες. 
φϑείρω, ἐφϑάρην " ἔφϑορα. 

φϑίνω, ἔφϑυϑον rather doubtful. 

@DAAZN, ἔφλαδον. 


φλέγω, ἐφλέγην, Anthol. 12,178. The 1 aor. 


is rare. 
φλίβω, ἐφλίβην (¢), Hippocr. 


pass. ἐφλέχϑην 


a ee ee ee Ὁ ee et a ve oe eee Tee oo ey 


§2 REMARKS. 


φράξω, πέφραδον, ἐπέφραδον. 

φράσσω, ἐφράγην. 

φρίσσω, πεέφρῖκα. 

φρύγω, ἐφρύγην. 

φύρω, ἐφύρην. ι 

φύω, épiny* πέφυα as present middle. 

zato, κέκαδον " κεκαδόμην. ᾿ 

χαίνω and χάσκω, ἔχανον * κέχηνα as present. 

χαίρω, ἐχάρην " κεχαρόμην᾽ 2 perf. part. κεχαρηώς as present. 

χανδάνω, ἔχαδον " κέχανδα as present, 

χέζω, ἔχεσον (§ 84. 1) κέχοδα. 

XAAZN, κέχλαδα. 

ΧΡΑΙΣΜΩ, ἔχραισμον. 

ψύχω, ἐψύγην, ἐψύχην, Arist. Nub, 151; Hseh. ireg. 95. 
The 1 aor. pass. ἐψύχϑην is rare. 


§ 65. 1. Strictly speaking, the following preterites in 
-aFov, -εϑον, -αϑόμην, with respect to form, follow the analogy 
of the imperfect. In the dependent moods, they follow. the 
analogy of the present. It is observed, however, that the 
present indicative of forms in -ἄϑω is not used. 


ἀλέξω, ἤλκαϑον, ἀλκάϑειν. 

ἀμύνω, ἡμύναϑον, ἀμύναϑε, ἀμυνάϑειν " ἡμυναϑόμην, ἀμυνα- 
ϑοίμην, ἀμυνάϑου. 

διώκω, ἐδιώκαϑον, διωκάϑω, διωκάϑειν. 

ἐέργω, ἐέργαϑον. | 

εἴργω, εἴργαϑον, εἰργάϑω, εἰργάϑειν " εἰργαϑόμην, εἰργάϑου. 

ἔργω, ἔργαϑον" ἐργαϑόμην, ἐργάϑου. 

ἔχω, ἔσχεϑον, σχέϑω, σχέϑοιμι, ih σχέϑειν, σχέϑων. 

κίω, ἐκίαϑον.. 


Sometimes these forms have the force of the imperfect in 
the indicative, and that of the present in the dependent moods. 
E. g. Plat. Gorg. 85, ἐδιώκαϑες, for ἐδίωκεςς. Asch. Eum. 
566, κατειργάϑου may be a present imperative. Arist. Nub. 
1223, ἀμυνάϑετε, present imperative; the passage auuvaderé 
μοι τυπτομένῳ πάσῃ τέχνῃ may be compared with παραβοη- 
Fst & ὡς ὑπ᾽ ἀνδρῶν τύπτομαι ξυνωμοτῶν, (Arist. Eq. 257.) 


2. With respect to the accent of the infinitive and participle 
of these forms, tradition places the acute on the penult ; as 
ἀμυνάϑειν, σχέϑειν, σχέϑων. Some modern critics, however, 
most whimsically accent them as if they were real second 
aorists; as ἀμυναϑεῖν, σχεϑεῖν, σχεϑών. But even if they were 
real aorists as to form, the traditional accentuation ought to be 
retained ; just as it is retained in πέφνων, οἴσειν, κιών, ἰων, ἐών, 
ἐχρῆν, and many others, although analogy requires meqvoiy, 


: TENSES. 53 
οἰσεῖν, κίων, tov, ἔων, ἔχρην, Se. It is not safe to tamper with 
Greek accentuation. - , : 

As to the Homeric oye ἕξειν, it no more presupposes σχε- 
ϑεῖν, than the Ionic forms ἀγεόμενος, βαλλεόμενος, δυνέουσι, sizes, 
ὥφλεε do aya, Badia, dura, ἐχῶ, ὀφλῶ. 


§ 66. The second perfect of daiw, μαίνω, cuigw, paiva, 
and χαένω, is written also δέδηα, usuyva, σέσῃρα, πέφῃνα, and 
κέχηνα, With tota subscript. Analogy seems to require the 
omission of the iota subscript, but-it cannot be shown that the 
ancient Greeks did not pronounce it. 


§ G7. It will be observed that when the root ends in a 
consonant, that consonant undergoes no change whatever in 
the second perfect. This being understood, it will be easy to 
perceive that the perfect of verbs in gw and yo may be referred 
tothishead. Eg. ᾿ vs 

βρυχάομαι, βέβρυχα as present. 

γράφω, γέγραφα; Thuc. 5, 26. | 

ἔχω, perf. part. συν-οχωκώς as present. | 

ϑράσσω, τέτρηχα aS present. = 

λαγχάνω, λέλογχα. 

ξυννεφέω, ξυννένοφα. 

πάσχω, πέποσχα. * 

σκάπτω (SKADN), ἔσκαφα, Isoc. 298. 

στρέφω; ἔστροφα. 

τεύχω, τἕτευχα. 

τρέφω, τέτροφα. 


§ 68. 1. The second perfect of a few verbs in ow: is 
syncopated, after the analogy of verbs in μὲ (as ἵστημι), in all 
the moods except the participle. The second pluperfect of 
course follows the analogy of its second perfect. 


The verbs to which this remark applies are Saiva, γίγνομαι, 


Ν 


ϑνήσκω, ἵστημι, MAN, and TAAAQ. “ J 


Baivw (BAN). 


2 Perf. Ind. 8. βέβαα not used. 
D. βέβατον. ἡ 
P. ᾿βέβαμεν, βέβατε, βεβᾶσι, and regular βεβάᾶσι, 
_ Soph. Trach. 345; Il. 2, 184. 
Subj. S. βεβῶ, -ἧς, -ἢ, Plat. Phedr. 72. 

D. βεβῆτον. . 

P. βεβῶμεν, -ἣτε, -ὥσι, Plat. Phedr. p. 252 
μὴν, (Steph.). 


ΨΥ ee ee ee eer ee, eee ee Ih. |) ae ae CEE CAN We OPS ane eRe RP Ree eo ee ee ee Om Ok ωπον μεν λον, οὐν EL ae Oy mee eee ee 


54 REMARKS, 


Opt. βεβαίην not found. 
Imp. βέβαϑι not found. 


΄ 


Inf.  Φβγββάναι (ἃ), Eurip. Heracl. 610; Epic βε- 
βάμεν, Il, 17, 359, 
Part. βεβαώς, -vie, -dtos, Epic, Il. 5, 199; 24, 
: 81; contracted βεβώς, -ὦσα, -ὦτος, Eurip. 
Sup. 850 ; Elec, 453; Soph. Phil. 280. 
SS. ἐβεβάειν not used. τ 
. ἐβέβατον, -ἀτην. 


ἐβέβαμεν, -ατε, -ασαν, 1]. 2. 720. 


Τίγνομαν (Γ 4.2). 
2 Perf. Ind. S. γέγαα not used. - 
P. yeyadts (for γεγάζτε), Hom. Batr. 142; ye- 
γαᾶσι, I]. 4, 41. 
Inf. γεγάμεν, Epic, Pind. Olym. 9, 64. 
Part. γεγαώς, -vie, -otoc, 1]. 8, 199; contracted 
γεγώς, -woe, -wtoc, Soph. Tyr. 1168; 
- Arist. Lys. 641, | 
2 Plup. S. ἐγεγάειν not used, 
Ὁ. γεγάτην (ἃ), Odys. 10, 138. 


The penult of γεγάᾶτε was perhaps lengthened after the 
analogy of yeyadou (yeyo-o-vor). ‘The supposition that it is 
protracted from γεγᾶτε (contracted from γεγάδτε) does not 
seem to be very satisfactory. 


Θνήσκω (ONAN). 


2 Perf. Ind. 8. 9900 not used. ae 
D. τέϑνατον, Xen. Anab. 4, 1, 4. 
P. τέϑναμεν, -ate, -aor, Plat. Gorg. 104; Xen. 
Anab. 4, 2, 17. 
Subj. τεϑνῶ not found. 
Opt. 8S. tedvainy, -αἰης, -αἰη, Il. 18, 98; 6, 164; 
Xen. Cyr. 4, 2, 3. 
. τεϑαίητον, -αἰιήτην. 
. τεϑναΐημεν, -ainte, -αἰησαν. 
. τέϑναϑι, -crw, Il, 22, 365; Dem. 122. 
. τέϑνατον, -ἀτων. 
.. τέϑνατε, -ἀτωσαν. 
Inf. τεϑνάναι (&), Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 16; also 
; τεϑνᾶναι (contracted from τεϑναέναι), 
isch. Agam. 539; Theog. 181; Epic 


~ 
= 
Ψ 
TOR 


Imp. 


Hon My ὦ 


Part. 


2 Plup. 


2 Perf. Ind. 


2 Plup. 


2 Perf, Ind. 


"Ὁ Ὁ ἢ 


wm 


Ὁ 


. ἕστατον, -ἀτων, 1]. 23, 443. 


ieee ΤΕΣ OR 


TENSES. 55 


τεϑνάμεναι and τεϑνάμεν, 1]. 24, 225; 15, 
497. : 

τεϑνεώς, -0s, -ὦτος, Men. Hel. 6, 4, 15; 
Herod. 1, 112; also Epic τεϑνειώς or 
τεϑνηώς, tedynvia, ϑῶτος OY -ὅτος, Ll. 17, 
161; Odys. 10, 494; 11, 84; Doric 
τεϑνᾶώως, -otoc, Pind. Nem. 10, 1389. ~ 


. ἐτεϑγάειν not used. 
. ἐτέϑγατον, - ἄτην 
. ἐτέϑναμεν, -ατε, -ασαν, Xen. Hel. 4, 5, 10. 


Ἵστημι (STAN). 


. ἕσταα not used, 
: ἕστατον, I]. 29; 284. 
. ἕσταμεν, -ate, -xot, Thuc. 6, 18; Dem. 99 ; 


Xen. Cyr. 6, 2,17; Tonic 2 plur. Seines 
(for ἑστάατε), Herod, 5, 495 Epic 2 plur. 
ἕστητε for ἕστατε, 1]. 4, 243; 246; Ionic 
3 plur. ἑστέᾶσι (for ἑστάασι), Herod. 1, 200. 


oto, -7¢, -ἢ, Kurip. Bac. 319. 


c - 
. ἑστητον. - 


ς - - - 
ἑστωμξν, “τε, -οσι. 


ἑσταίην, -αίης, -αἰη, Odys, 23, 101; 169. 


. ἑσταΐητον, ταιήτην 


ἑσταΐημεν, -ainte, -αἰησαν 

ἕσταϑι, -άτω, Odys, 22, 489. 

ἕστατε, -atwoar, 1]. 20, 354. ; 

ἑστάναι (ἃ), Eurip, Rhes. 92; Epic ἑστάμεναι 
and & ἑστάμεν, fl. 10, 480; 4, 342. 

ΝΣ -otos, Epic, Il. 19, 79; also ἑστηώς, 
-vla, -ὧτος, Epic, Hes: -Theog. 519; 
Tonic ἑστεώς, - O00, τῶτος, Herod. 2, 38; 
contracted ἑστώς, -ὥσα, -ὡὡἯς, -ὧτος, Seph. 
Aj. 87; Tyr. 565. . 


ἑστάειν not used. 


D. ἕστατον, -ἄτην, Plat. Epist. 7, 349. 


a) 


. ἕσταμεν, -ατε, -ασαν, 1]. 5, 781. 


MAN. 


ς μέμαα not used. 


D. μέματον, Il. 8, 419, 


a) 


. μέμαμεν, -ατε, μεμάᾶσι, 1]. 9, 641; 7, 160; 
10, 208. 


ae a ΡΥ. ee ee et Oe ΓΘ γν ΠΝ ΣΌΝ 


56 REMARKS. 


Imp. 8. 3 pers. μεμάτω, Ul. 4, 304. 
Part. μεμᾶώς, -via, -ὦτος, Epic, ll. 4, 40; 440; 8, 
118; also μεμᾶώς, -ότος, Il. 2, 818; Hom. 
Hym. 2, 204. . 
2 Plup. S. ἐμεμάειν not used. 
P. 3 pers. μέμασαν, 1]. 2, 863; 7, 3. 


TAAAR (TAAL). 


. τέτλαα not used. 

. τέτλατον : 

. τέτλαμεν, -ατε, -ἄσι, Odys. 20, 311. 
Subj. τετλῶ not found. 


2 Perf. Ind. 


Ὁ Ὁ Ὁ 


Opt. 8. τετλαίην, -αἰης, -αἰη, Il, 9, 373. 
1). τετλαΐητον, -αιήτην 
a P.. τετλαίημεν, -ainre, -αἰησαν 
Imp, 8. τέτλαϑι, -ἄἀτω, 1]..1, 586; Odys. 16, 275. 
D. τέτλατον, -otwv 
P. τέτλατε, -ἄτωσαν 


Inf. ὀτετλᾶναι, Epic τετλάμεναι and τετλάμεν, Odys. 
13, 307; 6, 190. 
Part... retinas, -vie, -ὅτος, Epic, Odys. 20, 23; 4, 
, 447, 
2 Plup. S. ἐτετλάειν not used. 
D. ἐτέτλατον, -atny ὙΝ 
P. ἐτέτλαμεν, -ατε, -ασαν, Apol. Rhod. 1, 807. 
2. The verbs ἀριστάω and δειπνέω, in some of the parts of 
the second perfect, follow the analogy of ἕσταα from ἵστημι. 


ἀριστάω, 2 perf. ind. 1 plur, ἠρίσταμεν like ἕσταμεν, Arist. 
frag. 428: infin. ἠριστάναι like ἕσταναι, Athen. 10, 20. 

δειπγνέω (4JEIMNAMN), 2 perf. ind. 1 plur.. δεδείπναμεν, 
Athen. 10, 20: inf. δεδειπνάναι, Athen. 10, 20. 


8. The second perfect of dim, to fear, may be syncopated 
after the analogy of εἶμι, to.go, in all the moods, except the 
participle. 


2 Perf. Ind. 83. δέδια, -ας, -ε, Epic δεέδια 
D. δεδέατον 
P. δεδίαμεν, -ατε, ἄσι also 1 plur. δέδιμεν, Epic 
δείδιμεν, Thuc. 3, 53; Ll. 7, 196; 2 plur. 
δέδιτε, Thuc: 4, 126. 


Subj. δεδίω, -ης» -n, regular, Xen. Rep. Ath. 1, 11; 
Isocr. 73. 96. 401. 


TENSES. 57 


Opt. S. 1 pers. δεδιείην (like ἐεέην from εἶμι), Plat. 
~Pheedr. 66. 
Imp. 8. 2 pers. δέδιϑι, Epic δείδιϑι, Arist. Vesp. 
373; Il. 5, 827. 
P. 2 pers. Epic δεέδιτε, I. 20, 366. 
Inf. δεδιέναι, Epic δειδέμεν, Odys. 9, 274. 
Part. δεδιώς, fem. Epic δειδυῖα, Apol. Rhod. 3, 


753. 
2 Plup. P. 1 pers. Epic ἐδείδιμεν, Il. 6, 99; 3 pers. 
ἐδέδισαν, Epic ἐδείδισαν, Plat. Leg. 3, 6; 
Il. 5, 521. ͵ 


§ 69. A few mute and liquid verbs drop the connecting 
vowel in some of the parts of the second perfect and pluper- 
fect. : ' 


ἀνώγω, avoya —2 perf. ind. 1 plur. ἄνωγμεν for ἀγώγαμεν " 
imperat. ἄνωχϑι, ἀνώχϑω, ἄνωχϑε. The forms ἀγώχϑω and 
ἄνωχϑε are explained as follows; full forms avwyeta, αγω- 
yete* syncopated avwy-tw, avwy-te* the combinations ytw, 
yte naturally suggested the passive endings γϑὼ and yds 
(λελέχϑω, λέλεχϑε) ; hence the actual forms ἀνώχϑω, ἄγωχϑε. 
Compare ἐγρήγορϑε, πέποσϑε, προφύλαχϑε. 

ἐγείρω, ἐγρήγορα ---- imperat. 2 plur. ἐγρήγορϑε᾽ infin. ἐγρή-- 
γορϑαν written also ἐγρηγόρϑαι. These forms are explained 
as follows; full form eyenyogete* syncopated eygnyog-re* the 
combination gts suggested the passive ending ρϑὲ (ἔφϑαρ- 
Se); which again suggested 9%o.* hence the actual forms 
ἐγρήγορϑε, ἐγρήγορϑαι. Further, ἐγρήγορϑαι, with the accent 
on the antepenult, follows the analogy of ἀκάχησϑαι and 
ἀλάλησθαι. The other form, ἐργηγόρϑαι, with the accent on 
the penult is more analogical. Compare ἄνωγα and πέπονθα. 

six, ἔοικα ---- ind. 1 plur. ἔοιγμεν Poetic for ἐοίκαμεν " 2 dual 
gixtov Epic for éoixatoy* 2 plup, 3 dual ἔΐκτην Epic for ἐῳ-- 
κείτην. 

ἔρχομαι, ἐλήλυϑα Epic εἰλήλουϑα ---- 1 plur. εἰλήλουθϑμεν for εἰλη- 
λούϑαμεν. 

κράζω, κέκρᾶγα --- imperat. 2 sing. κεέχραχϑι᾿ the 2. plur. κεκρά- 
yets 18 not syncopated, Arist. Vesp. 415. 

πάσχω, πέπονθα --- 2 plur. πέποσϑε Epic for πεπόνϑατε. The 
steps are πεπόνϑατε, πέπονϑ--τε, πέπονσ-τε, πέποστε " the com- 
bination -στε suggested the passive termination -σϑε (πέπει- 
ode). Compare avwya, ἐγρήγορα. 

πείϑω, πέποιϑα ---- ὃ plup. 1 plur. ἐπέπιϑμεν Epic for ἐπεποίϑ ει-- 
μεν. . ' 


58 


REMARKS, 


§'70. Oda, the second perfect of E14, drops the con- 
necting vowel in the dual and plural of the indicative, and in 


the imperative. 


In the subjunctive and optative it follows the 


anslogy of τέϑημι (τιϑέω, τιϑείην), that is, it presupposes EL 
AEN. The pluperfect of course follows the gre of the 


perfect. 
2 Perf. Ind. 8. 


D. 


R. 


Sulj. 8. 

D 

P. 

— Opt. 8. 
D 

Ρ 

Imp. ὃ 


ΞΡ 


Inf. 


Part. 


2 Plup. 8. 


οἶδα, oto Fa, οἶδεν, Βορῇ. Tyr. 569, 570. 
ἔστον, Arist. Plut. 100,. 

ἴσμεν, Epic and Ionic ἔδμεν, 1]. 1, 124. 
ἔστε, Xen. Anab, 1, 5, 16. 

ἔσασι, Arist. Nub. 1186. 


The regular forms οἶδας, οἴδαμεν, οἴδατε, 
οἴδασι are not much used by the early au- 
thors; they belong chiefly to the later 
Greek ; Odys. 1, 337; Herod. 2, 17; Xen. 
(Econ. 20, 14. 
εἰδῶ, Epic εἰδέω, Soph. Phil. 288; Odys. 16, 

236. 
εἰδῆς, Il. 1, 185. 
εἰδῇ, I]. 8, 406. 


. εὐδῆτον 


εἰδῶμεν, Epic εἴδομεν, Il. 1, 363. 
εἰδῆτε, εἰδῶσι. Xen. Anab, %, 3, 15. 
εἰδείην, Soph. Elec. 660. 

εἰδείης, Odys. 5, 206. 

εἰδείη, Xen. Cicon. 18, 4. 


. εἰδείητον, εἰδειήτην 


εἰδείημεν, εἰδείητε 
εἰδείησαν or Άῳ εἰδεῖεν, Herod. 3, 61; Xen. 
Anab, 4, 1, 23. 


. todr, Xen, Anab, 2, 1, 19. 


ἔστω, Beeotic ἔττω, Soph. Antig. 184; Arist. 
Ach. 911. 


, ἴστον, ἔστων, Kurip. Hel, 1684. 


ἴστε, ἴστωσαν. 


εἰδέναι, Epic ἰδέμεν, or ϊδμεναι, ἴδμεν, Eurip. 


Hec. 218; Pind. Nem. 7, 36; Il. 18, 
273; 11, 719. 

εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, εἶδός, -ότος, Soph. Aj. 18, 
Fem. part. Epic ἰδυῖα, Il. 1, 608; 18, 
380. 482. 

ἤδειν or ἤδη, Epic and Ionic ἤδεα, Eurip. 
Troad. 650; Soph. Antig. 18; Herod. 2, 
150. 


TENSES. 59 


ἤδεις OF ἤδης, ἤδεισϑα Or ἤδησϑα, Soph. An- 
tig. 447; Trach. 988 ; Eurip. Cycl. 108 ; 
Elec. 926. 
ἤδει or ἤδη, ἤδειν Or ἤδην, Epic and Tonic 
ἤδεε or εἴδεε, Xen. Cyr. 8, 1, 10; Soph. 
Tyr. 1525 ; Eurip. Ion, ner. ” Arist. Ach. 
30 ; Il. 18, 404 ; Herod. 8, 113. 
᾿ ἤδοιτον or qotor, ἠδείτην or ἤστην 
ἤδειμεν or ᾿ἥσμεν, urip. Heracl. 658. 
ἤδειτε ΟΥ̓ jot, Lonic ydéare, Soph. frag. 317 ; 
Herod. 9, 58. 
ἤδεσαν ΟΥ̓ ἦσαν, Epic ἔσαν, Ausch. Prom, 451; 
Eurip. Cycl. 231; Odys. 4, 772. 


For ἤδειν, ἢδεις, ἤδει, the Epic Poets have 
ἠείδειν, ἠείδεις or ἠείδης, ἠείδει OF ἠείδη, Il, 
22, 280; Odys. 9, 206.— For 38 sing. 
~ ἜΣΤΗΝ Herddotus bas ἤειδε, With the ending 
of the aorist (εἶδε), 1,45; a genuine read- 
ing, because contrary to all analogy. 


ae 


1, The forms ἴδμεν, ἰδέμεν, ἔδμεναι, show that ἔσμεν, ἴστον, 
ἔστε, ἴσϑι, ἴστων, and ἴστωσαν come from I4N (εδ-μεν, 10-tor, 
ιδ-τε, 10-91, 15-10, ιδ- τωσαν). --- The forms of the pluperfect 
HOMEY, ἦστε, ἧσαν come from EIAR (ῃδ-μεν, ηδ-τε, ῃδ-σαν); the 

pic ἔσαν comes from 714.) (ιδ- σαν). 


2. The 3 plur. ἔσᾶσι evidently annexes the ending of the 
perfect (-dov) to the root followed by the characteristic of the 
Jirst aorist (ιδ- σ-ασι), like εἴξασι (ex-c-aor) from εὔκω. 


3. The forms ἴσμεν, ἴστον, tote, todor, ἴσϑι, ἔστων, and ἴστω-- 
cay are often referred to the Doric iogu. But the omission of 
the radical vowel « (ἢ ἔσεμεν for ἴσ-α- μεν); the Ionic forms ἔδμεν, 
ἔδμεναι the accent of ἔσασι (not icwos like ἱστᾶσι), and the 
forms ἧσμεν, ἦστε, ἧσαν are facts against this hypothesis. It 
may be said that they are exceptions ; but we should remember 
that the probability of a hypothesis diminishes as the rr φῶ 
of exceptions increases. 


4, Eustathius. (ad Odys. 15,20) says that οἶσϑας was also 
used for οἶσϑα. Meeris (p. 283) has ““οἶσϑα χωρὶς τοῦς ‘At- 
τικῶς " implying that the other Greeks said also οἶσϑας with ς, 

Compare the curious Homeric pronoun τοΐσδεσσι for τοισίδε, 
Il, 10, 462.) 


5. The prefix ἡ of the Epic pluperfect ἠεέδειν seems to be 
the syllabic augment ἐ- lengthened (ᾧ 25); compare ἤμελλον 
for ἔμελλον from μέλλω. 


60 REMARKS. 


Others suppose that it was formed from 7de by protraction, 
like δρώοιμι, ἡβώοιμι, for δρῷμι, ἡβῷμει, from δράω, ἡβάω. 


§ 7 1. Ina few instances, the second aorist middle of mute 
and liquid verbs drops the connecting vowel in the Epic lan- 
guage, after the analogy of the pluperfect and perfect passive, 
or of verbs in wu. | 
aigéw, εἱλόμην ---- 2 aor, mid. ind, 3 sing. γέντο for ἕλετο, not to 

be confounded with γέντο for ἐγένετο. το. 
ἅλλομαι, ἡλόμην ---- ἃ sing. ἄλσο, 3 sing. alto’ part. ἄλμενος, 

ἐπάλμενος. 

ἁνδάνω, (ἀδόμην) ---- part. ἄσμενος as an adjective; compare 
ἄλμενος, ἄρμενος, δέγμενος, ἴκμενος, ὄρμενος. 

ἀραρίσκω, ΑΡΩ, ---- part. ἄρμενος as an adjective. 

γίγνομαι, ἐγενόμην --- 8 sing. γέντο or ἔγεντο. Not to be con- 
founded with γέντο from αἱρέω. 

δέχομαι — 2 aor. mid, 3 Sing. ἔδεχτο or δέχτο ᾿ imperat. 2 sing. 

᾿ δέξο, 2 plur. δέχϑε " infin. déyFou* part. δέγμενος. 

The present and imperfect also are in some of their parts 
syncopated: 3 plur. δέχαται (δεχνται) Tonic form for δέχον-- 
tor’ part. δέγμενος for δεχόμενος. Imperf. ἐδέγμην for ἐδεχό-- 
μην, was expecting. 

ἐλελίζω — imperf. or 2 aor. mid. 3 sing. ἐλέλικτο. 

εὔχομαι ---- ἃ aor. 3 sing. εὖκτο. 

ἱχνέομαι, ἱκόμην --- ἃ aor. 3 sing. ἵκτο for ἵκετο " part. ἔκμενος 
adjectively, with the smooth breathing. 

λέγω, to collect —2 aor. 1 sing. ἐλέγμην, 3 sing. λέκτο, not to 
be confounded with the corresponding forms of sEX.N. 

λείπω, ἐλειπόμην ---- imperf. pass. 3 sing. ἔλειπτο as aorist, later 

Epic, after the analogy of such forms as ἀλτο, δέκτο. 

AEX —2 aor. 3 sing. ἔλεκτο or Agxto* imperat. 2 sing. λέξο 
and λέξεο " infin. λέχϑαι, καταλέχϑαι. Not to be confounded 
with λέγω, to collect. — For the imperative λέξεο, see ὄρνγυμι. 

The syncopated participle λέγμενος belongs to the pr'e- 
sent, inasmuch as it denotes continued action. Compare 
δέγμενος from δέχομαι. 

μίγνυμι — 2 aor. 3 sing. ἔμικτο ΟΥ μἶκτο. 

ὄρνυμι, ὠρόμην ὦ 2 aor. 8 sing, ὦρτο ἕ imperat. 60900, or ὄρσεο 
contracted ὄρσευ" infin. ὄρϑαι" part. ὄρμενος. 

The form ὄρσεο follows the analogy of βήσεο and δύσεο, 
from βαίνω, δύω" that is, it implies an indicative ὠρσομῆην. 
The same remark applies also to λέξεο from AEX. 

πάλλω —2 aor, 3 sing. πάλτο, after the analogy of odto from 
ἄλλομαι. 


VERBS IN μι. 61 


πέρϑω — 2 aor. infin. πέρϑαι as passive. 
πήγνυμι ---- ὦ aor. 3 sing. ἔπηκτο. 


VERBS IN μι. 


§'72. Verbs in μὲ (real or imaginary) which have a 
second aorist active and middle. 


ἁλίσκομαι —(AARMT) sddov or ἥλων, like ἔγνων, from γιγγώ - 
σκω subj. ado, like γνῶ, Alsch. Sept. 257: opt. ἁλοίην, like 
γνοίην, Xen. Cyr. 8, 1, 2: infin. ἁλῶναι, Soph. Phil. 1440: 
part. ἁλούς, ἁλοῦσα, ἁλόν, -ὄντος, Xen. Mem. 3, 12, 2. 
ἀμβλίσκω —(AMBARMI) ἤμβλων, like ἔγνων. 5 
ἁρπάζω — (APIHMI) 2 aor. mid. part. ἁρπάμενος, like πτά- 
μενος from ἵπταμαι. A 
Baiva — βίβημι, ἔβην like ἔστην " subj. Ba, like στῶ, Eurip. Hee. 
1057 : opt. βαίην, like orainy, Eurip. Taur. 1055: imperat. 
βῆϑι, βήτω, like στῆϑι, Eurip. Rhes. 1: infin. βῆναι, Eurip. 
Sup. 729: part. Bac, Baca, βάν, -ἄντος, Eurip. Med. 180. 
Ballo — (ΒΑ Μη ἔβλην, ξυνέβλην, ξυμβλήτην " infin. Epic ξυμ- 
βλήμεναν for ξυμβλῆναι, Il. 21, 578: 2 aor. mid: ἐβλήμην, 
ἔβλητο or βλῆτο, ἔβληντο " subj. 3.sing. Epic βλήεται (for βλῆ-- 
ται, βλέηται), ξυμβλῆται Or ξύμβληται, Odys. 17, 472; 7, 204: 
opt. βλήμην, Or βλείμην (like ϑείμην), jo or εἴο, Il. 18, 288: 
infin. βλῆσϑαι, Ll. 4, 115: part. βλήμενος, 1]. 4,211; Odys. 
11, 126. ; 
βιβρώσκω --- (BPRMT) ἔβρων, like ἔγνων. 
βιόω --- (BIQMI) ἐβίων, like ἔγνων " subj. Bia, like γνῶ, Plat. 
Rep. 9, ὅ : opt. βιῴην, ἧς, ἡ, ἡμεν, re, nour, Arist. Ran. 177: 
imperat. (βέωϑι) βιώτω, like γνῶϑι, Il. 8, 429 : infin. βιῶγαι, 
Xen. Mem. 4, 8, 2: part. βιούς only in’ the nom. sing. 
mascul., Thue. 2, 53. 
γηράσκω —(IHPHMI) éynoav, like ἔδραᾶν, Il. 17, 197; Herod: 
6, 72: infin. γηρᾶναι, Soph. Col. 870: part. γηράς, γηράν-- 
τεσσι, Hes. Op. 186. | 
γιγνώσκω — (IINQMT) ἔγνων, wo, ὦ, wtov, ὥτην, ὠμεν, TE, WOO 
subj. γνῶ, γνῷς, γνῷ, yrator, γνῶμεν, γνῶτε, γνῶσι, Soph. Elec. 
48 : opt. γνοίην, ng, ἡ, τον, την, ἡμεν, ἥτε, ησαν, Xen. Hel. 
6, 3, 13: imperat. γνῶϑε, ὥτω, ὦτον, ὦτων, ὥτε, ὥτωσαν, Soph. 
Col. 1025 : infin. γνῶναι, Thuc. 4, 60: part. γνούς, γνοῦσα, 
yvov, -ὄντος, Xen. Hel. 4, 1, 34: 2 aor. mid. opt. γνοῖτο, 
tvyyvoito, isch. Sup. 216, the only instance. - Ἢ 
διδράσκω --- (ΔΡΗΜΠ) gay Ionic ἔδρην, ἃς, ἅ, ἅτον, ἄτην, ἄμεν, 


ἅτε, ἄσαν " subj. δρῶ, go, & ὥμεν, ἅτε, ὦσι, Xen. Mem. 2, 
6 


62 REMARKS. 


10, 1: opt. δραίην, like. σταίην, Xen. Anab. 2, 5, 7: infin. 
δρᾶναι, Thuc. 4, 46: part. docs, δρᾶσα, dear, -cvtos, Herod. 
9, 118. 

δίδωμι --- ἔδων, ὡς, w, οτον, ὅτην, ομὲν, ote, ooav’ SUbj. δῶ, δῷς, 
δῷ, δῶτον, δῶμεν, δῶτε, δῶσι Opt. δοίην, ἧς, ἡ, τον, ἤτην, 
ἡμὲν, nt8, noo’ imperat. δός, δότω, δότον, δότων, δότε, δότω-- 
cay’ infin. δοῦναι" part. δούς, δοῦσα, δόν, -ὄντος " 2 aor. 
ἐδόμην, δῶμαι, δοίμην, δόσϑαι, δόμενος. 

δύνω — (471Μ41Π} ἔδῦν, ὕς, 0, ὕτον, ύτην (Ὁ), ὕμεν, ὕτε, ὕσαν " subj. 
δύω, yor ἢ, wer, gre, wor, 1]. 7, 186; Herod. 4, 13,2: opt. 
Suny. (Ὁ), ns, ἡ, ἥμεν, gre, σαν, ἢ]. 16, 99; imperat. δῦϑι, 
δύτω, δῦτον, δύτων, δῦτε, δύτωσαν, Il. 16; 64: infin. δῦναι, 
Eurip. Sup. 469 : part. δύς, δῦσα, dvr, -ὕντος, Plat. Phedo, 

\ 142. ‘at 

ἔχω —(SXHMI) 2 aor. imperat. 2 sing. σχές, like S25, ἕς, dos, 
Soph. Elec. 1013. 

ἕημι — ἦν; ἧς, Ny εἶτον, εἵτην, εἶμεν, εἶτε, εἷσαν, ΟΥ̓ without the 
augment ἕτον, ἕτην, ἕμεν, Ere, ἕσαν ᾿ subj. ὦ, ἧς, ἢ, ὦμεν, ἣτε, 
eau: Opt. εἴην, ng, ἡ; τον, ἤτην, ἡμὲν, HIE, σαν ᾿ imperat. ἕς, 
ἕτω, ἕτον, ἕτων, Ete, ἕτωσαν᾽ part. sic, εἶσα, ἕν, ἕντος ᾿ 2 aor. 
mid. εἵμην or funy: subj. oor: opt. εἵμην " imperat. (ἕσο, ἕο 
ov, Soph, Tyr. 1521: inf. ἔσϑαι : part. ἕμενος. 

ἵπταμαι --- (IITHMI) ἔπτην, like ἔστην ᾿ opt. πταίην, like σταίην, 
Anthol. 5, 152: infin. πτῆγαι, Anthol. 5, 212: part. πτᾶς, 
πτᾶσα, πτάν, -avtoc, Ausch, Sup. 782: 2 aor. mid. ἐπτάμην, 
aco, ato, ασϑον, ἄσϑην, ἄμεϑα, aoe, arto’ subj. πτῶμαι, ἢ, 
ἥται, ἦσϑον, ὠμεϑα, ἦσϑε, ὦνται, Il. 15, 170; Arist. Lys. 
774: infin. πτάσϑαι, Eurip. Med. 1: πτάμενος, Arist. Lys. 
106. 

ἵστημι ---- ἔστην, ἧς, ἡ» ἤτον, ἤτην, ἡμὲν, τε, σαν Subj. στῶ, 
στῆς, στῇ, στῆτον, στῶμεν, στῆτε, στῶσι " OPt. σταΐην, yc, ἡ, ἤτον, 
ἥτην, nus, NTE, nowy: imMperat. στῆϑι, ἤτω, ἥτον, ήτων, ἥτε, 
ἥἤτωσαν " infin. στῆναι " part. στάς, στᾶσα, στάν, -ἄντος. 

κιχέω — (KIXHM1) ἐκίχην, NS, Ny τον, ἥτην, μεν, NTE, σαν" 
subj. Epic (κιχέω) κιχείω, ns, ἡ, ὅσο. for κιχῶ, ἢ, 1, 26; 21, 
128 : opt. κιχείην, yo, ἡ, Il. 2, 188 : infin. κιχῆναι, Epic κιχή- 
μεναι, Odys, 16, 357; 1], 15, 274: part. κιχείς, Il. 16, 342: 
2 aor. or-pres. mid. κιχήμενος, 1]. 5, 187. 

κλάω, break — (KAHMI) 2 aor. part. κλάς, ἀποκλάς, like otas. 

κλύω — (KAYMI) 2 aor. imperat. κλῦϑι and κέκλυϑι, κλῦτε and 
κέχλυτε᾽ 2 aor. mid. part. xAvuevog as an adjective. 

xtsiveo —(KTHMI) éxriiv, ἃς, &, ἅτον, ἀτὴν (ἃ), ἄμεν, dre, dour * 
subj. xra, like στῶ, Odys, 22, 216: infin. Epic κτάμεναι or 
χτάμεν, for. χτάναι, Il, 5, 301, 675: part. «tas, like ores, 
Eurip. Ale. 3: 2 aor. mid. ἐχτάμην, ἄσο, ato, δυο. like ἐπτά- 


VERBS IN μι. 63 


μην infin. κτάσϑαι, 1]. 15, 558: part: κτάμενος, Ausch. Pers. 
923. ; 

util, — (KTIM1) 2 aor. mid. part. χτέμενος as an adjective. 

Aves — (APM) 2 aor. imperat. 2091, like «409. from κλύω" 
2 aor. mid. Epic, λύμην (Ὁ), λύτο, λύντο, Il 21, 80; 21, 114. 
425; 24,1; 7, 16; 15, 435. ms 

évivnu_— (QNHMI):2 aor. infin. ὀγῆναι, like στῆναι" 2 aor. 
mid. ὠνάμην, like éxtéunv: opt. ὀναίμην, ao, ato, like ἱσταί- 
μην, Arist. Thesm, 469: infin. ὄνασϑαι, Eurip. Hip, 517: 
also ὠνήμην or ὀνήμην, like ἐβλήμην " imperat. ὄνησο, Odys. 
19, 68: infin. ὀνῆσϑαι, like βλῆσϑαι, Hippoer. : part. ovzjusvos, 
like βλήμενος, Odys. 2, 33. ‘ 

οὐτάω --- (OTTHMI) 2 aor. 3 sing. ovré, like ἔκτᾶ - infin. Epic 
οὐτάμεναι OF οὑτάμεν, like κτάμεναι or χκτάμεν, 1], 21, 68; 5, 
132: 2 aor. mid. part. ovropevog as passive, Il. 11,658; 
Hes. Scut. 363. 

πελάω — (JZAHMT) 2 aor, mid. ἐπλήμην with ἡ throughout; 
not to be confounded with ἐπλήμῃν from πέμπλημι. 

πίμπλημι ---- 2 aor. mid. ἐπλήμην Opt. πλήμην, ἐμπλήμην, Arist. 
Ach. 236; Lys, 235: imperat. πλῆσο, Zundyoo, Arist. Vesp. 
603: part. ,πλήμενος, ἐμπλήμενος, Arist. Eq. 935. 

πίνω — (ΠΙΜ] 2 aor. imperat. ride. 

πλώω — (ILARMI) ἔπλων, like ἔγνων “ part. πλώς, 1]. 6, 291. 

IIPIAMAI— 2 aor. mid. ἐπριάμην, inflected like ἐπτάώμην from 
ἵπταμαι " Subj. πρέίωμαι, like δύνωμαι, Arist, Ach. 812: opt. 
πριαΐμην, like Suvaiuqr, Arist. Pac. 1223: imperat. πρίασο 
and πρίω, like ἵστασο, forw, Arist. Ach. 870. 34: infin. 
πρίασϑαι, part. πριάμενος, Xen. Hel. 3, 2, 31. 32. 

πτήσσῳ — (JITHM1) éatny, like ἔστην. [ 

σβέννυμι --- (ZBHMI1) ἔσβην, like ἔστην“ infin. σβῆναι, Herod. 
4,5. part. σβεΐς, like ϑεῖς, Hippecr. 

SETI. —(STMI) 2 aor. mid. ἐσσύμην, 1]. 16, 585. 

σκέλλομαι — (SK AHMI) ἔσκλην, like ἔστην opt. σκλαΐην, like 
etainv infin. σκλῆναι, like στῆναι, Arist. Vesp. 160. ‘ 

συναντάω — (ANTHMI) 2 aor. 3 dual συναντήτην, like ἐστήτην. 

TAAAL — (TAHMI) ἔτλην, like ἔστην “ subj. τλῶ, like στῶ, 
Soph. Aj. 1333: opt. taainy, like σταΐην, Arist. Nub. 119: 
imperat. 11991, like στῆϑι, Eurip, Hec. 1251: infin. τλῆναι, 
Eurip. Orest. 1527: part. τλάς, τλᾶσα, -ἄντος, Eurip. Herc. 
1183. 1250. 

τίϑημι ---- ἔϑην, ἧς, ἡ, ἔτον, ἔτη», Ewer, Ete, ἔσαν " SUbj. ϑῶ, ϑῆς, 
In, θϑῆτον, ϑῶμεν, ϑῆτε, ϑῶσι" opt. ϑείην, go, ἡ, τον, ήτην, 
ney, τε, σαν  ἰτηρογαΐ, ϑές, ϑέτω, ϑέτον, ϑέτων, ϑέτε, ϑέτω- 
σαν΄ infin, ϑεῖναι " part. ϑείς “ 2 aor. mid. ἐθέμην, ϑῶμαι, 
ϑείμην, (ϑέσο) ϑέο Pov, ϑέσϑαι, ϑέμενος. 


64 REMARKS, 


φϑάνω — (DOHMI) ἔφϑην, like ἔστην subj. φϑῶ, like στῶ, 
Odys. 16, 383: opt. φϑαίην, like σταίην: infin. φϑῆναι" 
part. φϑάς, like orac* 2 aor. mid. part. φϑάμενος, 1]. 5, 119. 

φϑίω -- (ΦΘΙΜΙ) 2 aor. mid. épdiuyry’ subj. φϑέωμαι Epic 
φϑίομαι, φϑίεται, Il, 14, 87; 20,173: opt. φϑίμην (τ), φϑῖ- 
to, analogous to duny, φύην, Odys. 10,51; 11,330: imperat. 
φϑίσϑω, Il. 8,429: infin. φϑίσθαι, Il. 9, 246; 13, 667: 
part. φϑίέμενος, Il. 8, 359. 

‘gio —(GTMI) ἔφῦν, like ἔδῦν subj. φύω, like δύω, Xen. 
Hier. 7,3: opt. φύην (0), like δύην, Theoc. 15, 94: infin. 
φῦναι, Xen. Cicon. 19,8: part. φύς, like dus, Soph. Col. 
1113. 

χέω — (ΧΥΜΠ 2 or. mid. ἐχύμην (Ὁ), like ἐλύμην, Odys. 19, 
470; 10, 415; 1]. 23, 385; 4, 526. 


§ 73. The optative χρείη of the impersonal χρή is analo- 
gous to dein from τέϑημι (τιϑέω) ; that is, it presupposes 
XPIIMI, formed from ΧΡ ΕΜ), lonic for χράω. 


§ 74. Observe further, that the second aorist middle opta- 
tive retains the radical vowel of the indicative. E. g. 


ὀνίνημι, ὠνάμην ---- ὀναίμην, ὕναιο. 

τίϑημι, ἐθέμην ---- ϑείμην, ϑεῖο. 

δίδωμι, ἐδόμην -- δοίμην, δοῖο. ΕΥ̓ 

In a few instances, however, αὐ is changed into ῃ. Thus 
βάλλω has βλήμην, and πέμπλημι πλήμην, for βλαιμην, πλαιμην. 
Compare perf. pass. opt. βεβλήμην, κεκλήμην, κεχτήμην, μεμνῇή--: 
μην. 

As to the form Bieiuny from βάλλω, it follows the analogy 
of χρείη (§ 78), that is, it presupposes BAHMI (BAEN not 
BAAL). 


§ 7 ὥ. The original theme of sii, to be, is ESN, the root 
of which is found in ἐσ-σί, éo-ti, ἐσ- μέν, ἐσ-τόν, éo-té, ἡσ-τον, 
ἤσ-την, and in the imperative. The form £2 (whence εἰμί) is 
a modification of E>. 


Present. 


Ind. 8. εἰμί, Doric ἐμμὲ, Theoc, 20, 32. 
sig or εἶ, Epic ἐσσί, Il. 16,515; 1, 176. 
ἐστί, Doric ἐντί, Theoc. 1, 17; 11, 46. 
D. ἐστόν. ‘ 
P. ἐσμέν, Epic and Ionic εἰμέν, Doric εἰμές, Poetic ἐμέν, 
Il. 5, 873; Herod. 1, 97; Theoc. 2, 5; Call. 
frag, 294, 


Subj. 


Opt. 


Imp. 


Inf. 


Part. 


S. 


sae 


VERBS IN μι. 65 


ἐστε. 

εἰσί, Doric ἐντέ, Poetic ξάσι, Pind. Olym. 9, 158; II. 
2, 125; Theoc. 25, 14. 

ὦ, Epic and Ionic ἔω, Epic also et, Il. 1, 119; 23, 

_ 47; Herod. 4, 98. 


ἧς. 
wp Epic ἦσι and ἔῃσι, Il. 19, 202; Odys. 11, 434. 


. ἤτον. 


ὦμεν, Doric ὦμες, Theoc, 15, 9. 

ἦτε. 

wot, Epic and Ionic ἔωσι, Il. 9, 140; Herod. I, 155. 
εἴην. 

εἴης, Poetic εἴησϑα, Epic ἔοις, Theog. 715; Il. 9, 284. 
εἴη, Lonic zou, ἐνέοι, Herod. 7, 6. 

εἴητον, εἰήτην and εἴτην, Plat. Tim, 11; Parm. 46. 
εἴημεν, εἶμεν, Eurip. Hip. 349. 

εἴητε, sits, Odys, 21, 195. 

εἴησαν, εἶεν, Xen. Mem. 1, 4, 19. 

ἴσϑι, ἔσο, ἔσσο, Odys. 1, 302. 

ἔστω, rare ἤτω, Plat. Rep. 2, 4. 


; ἔστον, ἔστων, Il. 1, 338. 


ἔστε, Il, 16, 422. 
ἔστωσαν, ἔστων, ὄντων, Xen. Cyr. 4, 6, 10; 8,6) 29% 
Plat. Leg. 9, 15. 


εἶναι, Epic ἔμεναι and ἔμμεναι, ἔμεν and ἔμμεν, Doric 
ἦμεν and ἦμες, εἶμεν and εἶμες, Il. 8, 40: 1, 117; 
4, 299; Pind. Olym. 5, 38; Theoc. 2, 41; 7, 
129; 13, 3; Plat. Locr. 4 


ὦν, οὖσα, ὃν, Epic and Ionic ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, Ἐς wa 
Herod. 1, 59: Doric fem. ἐοῖσα and εὖσα, Pind. 
Pyth. 4, 471 ; Theocr, 2, 76; also ξἕασα or ἔασσα, 
Plat. Lor. 3: Doric acc. εὖντα for ἐόντα, Theoc. 
2,3. 
Imperfect. 
ἦν, Jn ἤμην, Epic 3 ἔην, ἔον, ἔσκον, ἔα, na, 1]. 11, 762; 
7, 153; 4, 921 ; Odys. 2, 313. 
ἧς, commonly ads Epic ξης, ἔησϑα, gus, Theoc. 19, 
8; Ik 22, 435 ; Herod. 1, 187. 


ῇ, ἦν, Epic ἡ any, ἠε(ν), ἔην, σεν Dorie ἧς, Odys. 19, 
283 ; I1..3,41; 2, 642 ; 5,536; Theoc. 2, 90, 92. 


Ὁ. ἦτον and HOTOV, ἤτην and ἤστην, ’Plat, Euthyd. δῦ; 


Xen. Anab, 2, 6, 90. 
ἥμεν, Doric ἢ ἥμες, ΤΊιεοο. 14, 29. 
6* 


66 REMARKS. 


τε, ἦστε, Lonic ἔατε, Herod. 4, 119; 5, 92. 

σαν, Epic and Ionic ἔσαν (oc), ἔσκον, Ionic also 
ἕασαν, Ll. 1, 2673 Pind. Olym. 9, 79; Herod. 1, 
196; 9, 31. 


1. The 2 pers. sing. εἶ follows the analogy of the middle 
voice; that is, it is formed from £2 after the analogy of φιλέει, 
φιλεῖ, from φιλέω, φιλέομαι. 


wt ul 


«ἢ 


2. The Doric 3 pers. ἐντέ is formed by annexing the ending 
γτι to the root ἐ-. The singular must not be confounded with 
the plural, 


3. The 3 plur. ἔασι is formed from EQ (M1) after the 
analogy of τιϑέᾶσι, διδόᾶσι, from τέϑημι, δίδωμι. 


4. The subjunctive and optative follow the analogy of the 
corresponding moods of τέϑημι. «As to the forms Zoic, ἔοι, they 
come directly from £2, like φιλέοις, φιλέοι, from φιλέω. 


5. In the imperative iu. the radical vowel becomes v. This 
form must not be confounded with icd. from oida.— The 2 
sing. ἔσο or ἔσσο, takes the ending go of the passive, like τό- 
Osco from τέϑημι, τίϑεμαι. 


6. The 3 plur. ὄντων of the imperative must not be con- 
founded with the genitive plural of the participle ὦν. Compare 
such forms as ἐόντων for i¢rwoar, διδόντων for διδότωσαν. 


7. According to Eustathius (ad Odys. 15, 435), the partici- 
ple was once formed after the analogy of τίϑημι, thus, εἴς, 
ἔντος, like τιϑείς, τιϑέντος. 


8. In the imperfect, the 1 sing. ἦν comes from the root ἐ-, 
like ἐτίϑ-ην from τέϑημι. The 1 sing. ἡ is contracted from 
ἔα. But 3 sing. ἦν is contracted from je, theme EN. 


_ 9. The Epic forms ἔην, ἤην, ἔης, seem to be formed from 
nv, ἧς», by prolongation. 

10. The forms ἔα, ἦα, tac, ἔατε, ἔασαν, take the endings of 
the first aorist active ; oy comes directly from £2, like ἐφέ- 
λεον from φιλέω. Compare ἐτίϑεα, and yo, ἤια, from τίϑημι and 
εἶμι. 

11. The forms ἔσκον, ἔσκε, are iterative; the endings σκον, 
oxe¢, are annexed to the root ¢-. 


12. As to ἤμην, it takes the ending μην of the middle voice. 
It is supposed to belong to the later Greek, as N. T. Acts 10, 
30. See also Etymol. Magn. under ἥμην. 


- 


VERBS IN μι. 67 


13. The 3 sing. ἦν of the imperfect, in ΟΝ passages, by 
a peculiarity of Syntax (Gram. § 157. N. 1), agrees with a 
plural nominative, and sometimes with more than one nomi- 
native; a fact which has induced some to suppose that it 
stands for the plural ἦσαν, after the analogy, for example, of 
ἐκόσμηϑεν ve ἐκοσμήϑησαν, and that without the augment it 
would be ἕν. See Hes. Theog. 321 ; 825; Soph. Trach. 520. 
521 ; Yeu ‘Anab. Φ δι 


14. According to the old grammarians, εἴσατο (Odys. 20, 
106) stands for ἦντο from ἤμην; according to Buttmann and 
others, the old reading was εἴατο for sivto, from “EQ, nua, to 
place, For our part, we cannot tell what the old reading was, 


15. For siui, some ancient inscriptions have Zu. (Rose’s 
Inscript. Grec. tab. 1, 2.) The vowel ε, however, may repre- 
sent the diphthong εἰ. ‘— One of the Orchomenian inscriptions 
has cw» 91, for subj. 3 plur. ἔωντι, that is, ὦσι. Compare azo- 
δεδοανϑι from me ρεῦσο in the same inscription. (Rose’s 
Inscript. Grec. tab. 39, |. 46.) 


§ 76. The theme of εἶμι, to go, is 12, which lengthened 
becomes EI? (like λείπω from Ar72), whence εἶμι, ἤειν. 


Present. 


Ind. 8. εἶμι. 
εἷς, si, Epic εἶσϑα, Odys. 19, 69. 
εἶσι, Hom. Hym. 1, 182. 


D. τον. 
P. ἔμεν, ἴτε, ἴᾶσι rarely εἶσι, Hes. Scut. 118. 
Suly. 8. ἴω, rarely εἴω 
ins, Epic toa, Il. 10, 67. 
in, Epic iyo, Il. 9, 701. 
Ὁ. ἴητον. 
P. ἴωμεν, Epic ἴομεν, Il. 2, 440. 


inte, ἴωσι. 


Opt. Siow or ἰοίην, Xen. Conv. 4, 16; once isiny, Il. 19, 
209. 


tog OF ἰοέίης. 
vou OF ἰοίη, rarely εἴη, Ods. 14, 496. 
. ἴοιτον, ἰοέτην. 
ἴοιμεν, ἴοιτε, ἴοισαν- 
. ¥9., in composition also εἶ, Arist. Nub. 633. 
ἴτω. 
D. ἴτον, ἴτων. 


kad, 


Imp. 


68 REMARKS. 


P. ize, ἔτωσαν ΟΥ̓ ἰόντων, also trwy, Xen. Anab. 1, 4,8; 
Esch. Eum. 42 (?). 
Inf. ἰέναι, Epic ἔμεναι, ἔμεν, Il. 20, 32; 1, 170; rarely 
ἔναι (ἐξίναι), Athen. 13, 43. 
Part. ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν, -ὄντος, with the accent on the last 
syllable, like ἐών, κιών, from εἰμί, κέω. 


Imperfect. 


S. jew, qa, ja, Odys. 4, 427; Plat. Apol. 6. 
yes, ἤεισϑά, Plat. Euthyph. 4. 
_ net, jew usually before a vowel, Arist. Plut. 696 ; 
Epic also ἤιε, ἦε, te, Il. 1, 47; 2, 872; Odys. 7, 
82 ; 18, 253. 257. 

D. Hector, ἠείτην, commonly ἦτον, ἤτην, Plat, Euthyd. 54; 
Epic also ἔτην, Il. 1, 347; Hes. Op. 197 (written 
also itor). 

P. ἤειμεν or μεν, Arist. Plut. 659; Epic also jousy, 
Odys. 10, 251. 570. 

ἤειτε or ἥτε, Eurip. Cycl. 40. 
ἤεσαν, Xen, Cyr. 4, 5, 55; Epic and Ionic. ἤισαν, 
ἦσαν, 1]. 10, 197; Odys. 19, 436; Herod. 2, 163; 
pic also ἤιον and ἔσαν, Odys. 23, 370; I. 1, 414. 


1. The indic. 3 plur. ἔασι follows the analogy of τιϑέᾶσι, 
that is, it changes the ν of the termination vo into ἃ its regu- 
lar form would be ὠςνσι, t-o1, like τίϑέενσι, τιϑεῖσι. Its accent 
shows that it does not come from the imaginary ΓΗ]. As to 
the 3 plur. εἶσι, it comes directly from εἶμι. 


2. The opt. 1 sing. ἐεέην, and the infin. ἐέναι, follow the 
analogy of τιϑείην, τιϑέναι, that is, they presuppose ΤΗΤΗ͂Ι. 

The opt. 3 sing. εἴη (if it really belongs to εἶμι) comes from 
the root «i-. The of the ending -ἰὴν is dropped, after the 
analogy of φϑίμην for φϑιιμην, δύην for δυίην, &c. 


3. The imperfect je is inflected like a regular second plu- 
perfect from EIQ. — According to Buttmann, ἤειν gas pro- 
tracted from εἶν, the regular imperfect of εἶμι, after the analogy 
of ἠείδειν from ἤδειν (also of δρώοιμι, ἤβωοιμι, from δρῷμι, ἡβῷ- 
μι). The orthography je» with ὁ subscript was, according to 
the same grammarian, introduced only by the grammarians on 
account of the erroneous derivation from ja. One would 
suppose that the Greek language was invented by the Alexan- 
drian Grammarians. 


4, The forms ἤια, ἤιε, ἤιον, ἤισαν come from ΓῺ (1111), by 


VERBS IN wb. 69 


prefixing ἡ, which prefix seems to be nothing more than the 
syllabic augment lengthened (like that of ἤμελλον, βουλόμην). 
— By dropping this ‘augment, ἤιε, ἦισαν become i, ἔσαν, re- 
spectively. — By contracting jie, ἤιε, ἤισαν, we obtain ja, He, 
ῇσαν. 

Others suppose that. ἤια, ἤιε, ἤιον, ἤισαν were formed by 
resolution from je, nes 0%, ἤσαν, from EIQ, εἶμι. 


As to ἦτον, ἤτην, ἥμεν, ἦτε, they evidently follow the analogy 
of no, 78, your. — The dual ἔτην follows the analogy of ἔσαν. 


5. The form ja, contracted ἦα, takes the ending of the first 
aorist active, after the analogy of ἐτέϑεα for ἐτέϑεον from τιϑέω, 
and ἔα or ἦα for ἔον or joy from εἰμέ. It cannot be a second 
eto, because it cannot be shown that the perfect was ever 
used for the imperfect. But it is a well-known fact, that when 
the perfect loses its peculiar signification it acquires that of the 
present ; as μέμνημαι, κέκραγα, oid’ in which case, its pluper- 
fect has the force of the imperfect; as ἐμεμνήμην, ἐκεκράγειν, 

ἤδειν. 
: 6. The Etymologicum Magnum (voc. ἀπῇμεν) has subj. 
1 sing. ctw for ἴω, formed from E/N. 

6. The infinitive προσεῖναι, at Hes. Op. 351, according 
to some, belongs to siui, to be. But “si,” says Goettling, ‘* προ- 
ovivas. εἷς εἰμί, non ab εἶμι derivaris, perditur omnis in hoc 
antiquo proverbio membrorum equalitas, que ut φιλέοντα φιλεῖν, 
δόμεν ὃ ὅς κε oe etc. requirit, ita etiam hic εἶμν verbum flagitat, 
non éiui. .. . Sequendus igitur Apollonius erat Lexico Ho- 
merico: εἶναι" 6 Ἡσίοδος ἀντὶ tov ἱέναι" καὶ τῷ προσιόντι 
προσεῖναι." 


od οἱ κἄρθϑε. ion daisiv ee paieit ee 
me δύ PE ea δῶν, τ a 
domnyon “ial ebony 

me ee 


rh τ cose 


F xed. isob sat Ε.- 


: sagt 1s. oe 


ge mee 


CATALOGUE OF VERBS. 


ΤΥ Ρν Lae ee 


CATALOGUE OF VERBS. 


1. Forms in you, noo, ἡκα, nuor, and 71977, from barytone 
verbs in ὦ, presuppose a present in gw. Thus ἀλεξήσω, διδα- 
oxjow, μελλήσω, from ἀλέξω, διδάσκω, μέλλω, imply AALZEN, 
AIAASKEN, MEAAEQN. Imaginary themes of this descrip- 
tion are not given in this catalogue, simply because they can 
be formed or imagined without the least difficulty. 


2. Obsolete or imaginary presents are printed in capitals. 
The reason of this practice is thus given by Buttmann; ‘in 
order that the eye may not become accustomed by means of 
the common letters to a multitude of unused and merely imagi- 
nary forms, and thus rendered less capable of detecting barba- 
risms at first sight.” 


«4. 


“4.412. to injure, lead into error, ruin, Epic, aor. 
ἄασα contracted doa, Il. 8, 237; Odys. 21, 296; 
10, 68; 11, 61: aor. pass. ἀάσϑην, Odys. 4, 
503; Hom. Hym. 4, 246. — Mid. 3 sing. aarac 
(contracted from ἀάεται), as active, Il. 19, 91: 
aore ἀασάμην contracted ἀσάμην, Il. 9, 537; 19, 

; the contracted form ἀσάμην is active in sig- 
nidbarion, — See also ἀτάομαι. 


The quantity of the two first syllables (a) is variable in 
the aorist. — The verbal adjective ἄατος (ἃ), with the ac- 
cent on the antepenult, has an active signification, hurtful, 
iyurious, Apol. 1, 459. It is not found in the early Epic 

_ Poets, — From éatog comes wary contracted ἄτη, in Pindar 
ἀνάτα, injury, ruin, destruction, misfortune. — With a- priva- 
tive, ἄατος becomes ἀάατος (aad, or aac), with a passive 
signification, not to be had inviolable, Il. 14, 271; 
Odys, 21, 91. 

7 


74 αβρο 


The original theme was AF 4.2, hence the adjective 
ἀάβακτοι, and the substantive ἀνάτα (a Fata). 


ABPOTAZ2R (ἁμαρτάνω), to miss, stray from, 
occurring only in the aor. subj. 1 plur. ἀβροτάξο- 
μεν, Epic for ἀδροτάξωμεν, 1]. 10, 65. 

It is formed from the Epic 2 aor. ἤμβροτον, from ἁμαρτάνω, 
by rejecting the augment and dropping uw. For the omission 
of μ, compare ἀπλακών for ἀμπλακών from ἀμπλακίσκω. 

ἀγάζομαι (ἄγαμαι), to revere, worship, Pind. Nem. 

ἀγαίομαι (aycdonat), to be indignant at, envy, Epic 
and Ionic, Odys. 20, 16; Herod. 8, 69. - 

ἄγαμαι (aydouat), to admire, be struck with ad- 
miration, inflected like ἵσταμαι in the present 
and imperfect: fut. ἀγάσομαι " aor. ἠγάσϑην the 
usual Attic aorist, Xen. Anab. 1, 1, 9; Pind. 
Pyth. 4, 424: aor. mid. ἡγασάμην, Odys. 18, 70. 

aydouat, to admire; also to envy, be jealous of, 
Hes. Theog. 619: fut. ἀγάσομαι (oc), Odys. 4, 
181. 

ἀγάασϑε, pres. 2 plur. protracted, for ἀγᾶσϑε (ἀγάεοϑε), 
Epic, Odys. 5, 119. ---᾽ὠἠἡγάασϑε, imperf. protracted, for 
nyaote_ (ἡγάεσϑε), Epic, Odys. 5, 122. , 

ἀγγέλλω (471 ΓΕ 4.2), to announce, fut. ἀγγελέω, 
ἀγγελώ, Il. 9, 617; Soph. Col. 1429: aor. ἤγγει- 
λα, Eurip. Med. 1111: perf. ἤγγελκα, Dem. 343: 
perf. pass. ἤγγελμαι, Asch. Choéph. 774, aor. 
pass. ἡγγέλϑην, Eurip. Hec. 591: 2 aor. ἤγγελον, 
Herod. 4, 153: 2 aor. pass. ἡγγέλην, Eurip. 
Taur. 932. — Mid. ἀγγέλλομαι, to announce as 
from one’s self, Soph. Aj. 1376: aor. ἡγγειλάμην, 
Plat. Gorg. 32: 2 aor. ἠγγελόμην, Xen. Anab. 
5, 6, 26. 


Many critics suppose that the forms ἤγγελον, ἡγγελόμην 
were never used by the Attic, writers. | 


ἀγείρω (ALEP M2), to. collect, bring together, as- 


αγνυ 75 


semble, aor. ἤγειρα, Xen. Anab. 3, 2, 13: aor. 
pass. ἠγέρϑην, Il. 1, 57. — Mid. ἀγείρομαι, re- 
flexive, pluperf. 3 plur, Epic ἀγηγέρατο, Il. 4, 
211: aor. ἠγειράμην, Odys. 14, 248: 2 aor. 
ἠγερόμην, I]. 2, 94. 
ἀγρόμενος, 2 aor. mid. part. syncopated for ἀγερόμενος, 
I. 7,.134.— Apol. 3, 894, ἀγέρονται, pres. 3 plur. for 
ἀγείρονται * Brunck changes it into ayégorto. 
ayivée (ἄγω), Epic and Ionic, to bring, Odys. 2, 
192; Herod. 3, 89: imperf. ἡγίνεον, Il. 18, 493: 
fut. ἀγινήσω, Hom. Hym. 1, 57. — Mid. ἀγινέ- 
ομαι, Herod. 7, 33. 


aytvecx oy, imperf. iterative, Odys. 17, 294. 


ἀγνοέω (ἄνοος), not to know, to be ignorant of, 
regular: fut. siden Isoc. 285 ; also ἀγνοήσο- 
μαι. 

According to Thomas Magister, the fut. mid. ἀγνοήσομαι 
is preferable to ἀγνοήσω. This assertion, however, does not 
seem to be supported by classical authority. 

ἀγνώσασκε, aor. iterative, for ἃ ἀγνοήσαῦκε, Odys. 23, 95. 

The adjective ἄνοος 18 compounded of a- privative and 
γόος. But νόος is derived from TVOM, the theme of γιγνώ- 
oxw* therefore its original form was TNoo2* hence the 
adjective AI'NOO2, like ἄλογος from ἀ- and λόγος (λέγω) ; 
hence the verb ἀγνοέω, like ἀλογέω from ἄλογος. See also 
VOEW. 

ἀγνοιξώ, Epic for ἀγνοέω, aor. subj. 3 sing. ἀγνοί- 
not ἴον ἀγνοιῇ, Odys. 24,217: nyvoinoa, Il. 1, 537. 
ἄγνῦμι and ἀγνύω (AT), to break, Xen. (Econ. 
6, 5: fut. ἄξω, Il. 8, 403: aor. gage, rarely N54, 
Xen. Anab. 4, 2, 20; Il. 23, 392: 2 perf. gaya, 
Ionic ἔηγα, as intransitive or passive, to be broken, 
Eurip. Cycl. 684; Herod. 7, 224: aor. pass. 
ἐάγην, rarely ὁ ἄγην, Lysias, 144; Il. 16, 801. --- 
See also κατάγνυμι. 

The penult of ἐάγην is long in Attic Grete: Arist. 
Vesp. 1428, κατεάγη may be scanned ὑ υ —-. In the Epic 
language it is usually short, as Il. 3, 367; unless we contract 


76 αγορ 


ἐα- in pronunciation. — The penult of ἄγην follows the anal- 
ogy of ἐάγην, Arist. Ach. 944; 1]. 16, 801.— Hes. Op. 432. 
ἕτερον γ᾽ ἄξαις most probably stands for ἕτερον γάξαις 
ἸΕ των. See the next paragraph. 

The original theme was FAI, hence βάγος, γακτός. 
See also χαυάξαις under xatayvuur. — We suppose further 
that F412 is a modification of F PAI, the original 
theme of ῥήγνυμι, which see, 

ἀγοράομαι (ἀγορά), to harangue, Poetic, imperf. 
nyogaouny, Herod. 6, 11; Soph. Trach. 601: 
aor. ἀγορησάμην, Il. 1, 73. — In prose, ἀγορεύω, 
προαγορεύω, regular. 

ἀγοράασϑε, pres. protracted, for ἀγορᾶσϑε (ἀγοράεσϑ ε), 
Il. 2, 997. ---Οὀἠγοράασϑε, imperf. protracted, for ἠγορᾶσϑε 
(ἡγοράεσϑε), Il. 8, 230; 8 plur. ἡγορόωντο, for ἡγορῶντο 
(ἡγοράοντοῚ, Il. 4, 1. — Pind. Isth. 1, 73, εὖ ἀγορηϑ εἷς, now 
edited εὐᾶγορηϑ εἰς, from. the Doric svayogéw for εὐηγορέω, to 
praise, opposed to κακηγορέω. 

ἄγω (ALA), to lead, bring, fut. ἄξω, Ken. 
Anab. 2, 3, 6: aor. ἦξα, Thuc. 2,97: perf. nya, 
rarely ἀγήοχα, Dem. 346. 237: perf. pass. ἦγμαι, 
Plat. Leg. 6, 21: aor. pass. ἥχϑην, Xen. Anab. 
6, 3,10: 2 aor. ἤγαγον the usual Attic aorist, 
Xen. Cyr. 5, 5, 31. Verbal Adjective axtéos, 
Xen. Hel. 6, 4, 5. — Mid. ἄγομαι, to lead for or 
to one’s self, to marry, fut. ἄξομαι, Soph. Col. 
1460: aor. mid. ἠξάμην not Attic, Herod. 1, 190: 
2 aor. ἡγαγόμην the usual Attic aorist, Arist. Plut. 

ἄξετε, aor. imperat. 2 plur. Epic for ἄξατε, 1]. 3, 105; 24, 
778. —aynyoyza, the original form of the perfect ἀγήοχα, in 
an ancient inscription, Buttmann’s Lexil. 21, 30. — ovvaya- 
γοχεια (ayayozera), pluperf. for συναγηγόχεα, συναγηγόχειν, 
in an ancient inscription, Matth. Gram. under the Anoma- 
lous ἄγω. ---- ἀγεόμενος, pres. pass, part. lonic for ἀγόμενος, 
Herod. 3, 14. 

It seems that there was a time when ἄγω was pronounced 
F ayw, whence βάγος (ἀγός). Compare Latin ago, vagor, 
vagus, veho, vagabundus, English wagon, wain, vagabond. 

ἀγωνίζομαι (ἀγών), to contend, fut. ἀγωνιοῦμαι, 


aed 77 


Xen. Anab. 4, 6, 7; Dem. 516 (passively 1): 
perf. ἡγώνισμαι actively or passively, Eurip. Ion, 
939; Sup. 465: aor. pass. ἡγωνίσϑην passively, 
Lysias. Verbal ἀγωνιστέος, Dem. 129. 
ἀγωνίδαται, perf. 3 plur. Tonic, used passively, Herod. 
9, 26. 3 
AAER (AAS), tobe sated, disgusted with, feel 
disgust or dislike, Epic, aor. opt. ἀδήσειεν, Odys. 
1, 134: perf. part. ἀδηκώς, 1]: 10, 98.— See also 
da, to sate. . 


These forms. are commonly written with 40, ἀδδήσειεν, 
ἀδδηκώς, because the penult of the derivative &doc, disgust, 
weariness, is short, while Homer makes the first syllable of 
the verb everywhere long. 

The form 442 seems to be connected with the adverb 
ἅλις, Latin satis, satur, English sate. 


‘AAR, 10 please, see ἀνδάνω. : : 

ἄδω (ἀείδω), to sing, fut. ἄσομαι, Thuc. 2, 54; 
Doric goa, ἀσεύμαι, Theoc. 1, 145; 3, 38: aor. 
yoo, Arist. Pac. 1296: perf. pass. ἥσμαι, Athen. 
15, 1: aor. pass. ἤσϑην, Xen. Mem. 2, 6, 11. 
Verbal ἀστέος, Arist. Nub. 1025. 


ἄδετα t, pres. pass. 3 sing. impersonal, equivalent to λέ- 
γεται, it ts sard, later, Paleph. 28, 1. Ν 


ἀείδω, to sing, Poetic, fut. ἀείσομαι, ἀείσω, Pind. 
Isth. 7,53; Theoc. 22, 26: aor. ἤεισα, Pind. 
Olym. 10, 28. ὮΝ δι 


ἀείσεο, aor. mid. imperat. 2 sing. Epic, Hom. Hym. 16,. 
ΟἹ; 19, 1; edited also ἀεέδεο. ---- Pind. Nem. 4, 146, Heyne’s 
ἀείσατο is now edited ἄεισεν. In some of the Homeric 
Hymns (as 11, 1), and also in Theocritus (7, 41), the first 
syllable of ἀεέδω 15 long. 
Its original form was aFs.dw~° hence the Beotic form 
avhaFudoc, κιϑαραξυδὸς, κωμα ξυδος, gawaFvdosg, 
τραγαξῦυδος, in one of the Orchomenian inscriptions, for _ 
the common αὐλῳδός (αυλ-αοιδος), κυϑαρῳδός (κιϑαρ-αοιδος), 
κωμῳδός (κωμ-αοιδος), ῥαψῳδός (ῥαψ-αοιδος), τραγῳδός (τραγ-- 
αοιδος). For the commutation of οὐ and v, compare Ευκχια 
7% 


78 QELO 


for οἰκία, in the second Orchomenian inscription (Rose’s 
tagoript, Grec, tab, 41, 40). 


ἀείρω (41}Ρ.2), to raise, lift up, Poetic and Jonic, 
. fut. ἀερῶ, contracted aga (a), Ζ5οἢ. Pers, 796: 
aor. ἤειρα, Soph. Antig. 418: perf. pass. ἤερμαι, 
Apol. 2, 171: aor. pass. ηέρϑην, Herod. 1, 165: 
aor. mid. HELQauny transitively, Herod. 7, 156. — 
See also αἴρω. 


ἄωρτο, pluperf. pass. 3 sing. for ἤερτο, 1. 8, 272; 19, 
253. 


ἀέξω (42), Poetic and Ionic for αὔξω, to in- 
crease, Eurip. Hip.; 537; Herod. 3, 80: aor. 
ηέξησα, Anthol. Epigr.. 299: aor. pass. ἀεξήϑην. 
Anthol. 9, 631: fut. mid. ἀεξήσομαι, Apol. 3, 

837. — With pure writers it is found in the pres- 
ent and imperfect only. ὦ 


The original theme was probably AFET‘N, comnected 
with the Latin vegeo, viged, vigor. This theme modified 
becomes 47m, hence αὔξω, αὐξάγω; Latin augeo. 


ἀέῤῥω (AEP), Kolic for ἀείρω, Sapph. 78 : aor. 
ἤερσα, Panyas. 6, 18. 

ἀερτάζω (ἀείρω), imperf. ἠέρταζον, Apol. 1, 738. 

 AEPL2, see ἀείρω, ἀέῤῥω. 

AEQ, to sleep, aor. ἄεσα af Odys. 3, 151; 15, 
40; but ἄεσα (a), Odys. 3, 490; contracted asa, 
Odys. 16, 367. 

ἀηϑέσσω (ἀήϑης), to be unused, imperf. ἀήϑεσσον, 
Il. 10, 493: aor. ἀήϑεσα, Apol. δ be τὰ ὁ late B 
takes no augment. 

ἄημι (AEN, ao), to blow, breathe, Epic 5, 3 plur. 

ἄεισι for detor, Hes. Theog. 875 ; ἀήτω, ἀῆναι or 
ἀήμεναι, ἀείς, Il, 9,5; Odys. 3, 183 ; Π. 23, 214: 
imperf. ἄην, Odys. 12, 325, — Pass. ἄημαι, to be 
blown upon, exposed to the wind, Odys. 6, 131 ; 
to be noised abroad, be in circulation, Pind. Isth. 
4,15: imperf. ἀήμην, Hes. Scut. 8.— It retains 
7 in inflection. 


aloe 79 


ἀϑερίζω, to slight, treat slightly, Epic, Odys. 8, 
212: imperf. ἀϑέριζον, Il. 1, 261: fut. ἀϑερίζω 
later, Apol. 3, 548: aor. aPégiEa later Apol. 2, 
488. 

αἰδέομαι, to respect, fut. aidécouat (oc), Xen. Mem. 
3, 5, 15: perf. ἤδεσμαι, Dem. 645: aor. pass. 
ἠδέσϑην Eurip. Hec. 286: aor. mid. cba nk 
Soph. Aj. 506. / 

aideto, imperat. contracted from aidéeo, Epic, Odys. 9, 
269. — Odys. 14, 388, αἰδέσσομαι is written also αἰδήσομαι. 

aidouat, Poetic for αἰδέομαι, Il. 21, 74; 1, 331; 
Aisch. Eum, 549: imperf. aidouny, I]. 21, 468. 

αἰνέω, to praise, fut. αἰνέσω, aivécona, Eunip. 
Orest. 499; Xen. Hel. 3, 2, 6; Epic aivyoa, 

_Odys. 16, 880: aor. NVECO, Epic ἤνησα, Eurip. 
Med. 223; Il. 23, 552: perf. ἤνεκα, Isoc. 276: 
perf. pass. ἤνημαι, Isoc. 281: aor. pass. ῃνέϑην, 
Thuc. 225. Verbal alvEetéos, Plat. Pheedr. 25. 
—In prose commonly ἐπαινέω. — 

ἐπαινέαι (aivéar), pres. pass. 2 sing. syncopated for 
ἐπαινέεαι, Herod. 3, 54. -- ἐπαινιῶ (αἰνι ὦ), Laconian for 
ἐπαινέω, Arist. Lys. 198. 

αἴνημι, another form of αἰνέω, Hes. Op. 681. 

ativifouat, another form of αἰνέω, as active, Il. 13, 
374. 

αἰνίσσομαι or aivittonat, to hint obscurely, fut. 
αἰνίξομαι, Eurip. Elec. 946: perf. ἤνιγμαι pas- 
sively, Arist. Eq. 196: aor. pass. ἡνίχϑην pas- 
sively, Plat. Georg. 109: aor. mid. ῃνιξάμην, 
Soph. Aj. 1158. 

αἴνυμαι, to take, Epic, Odys. 14, 44: imperf. αἰνύ- 

μῆν, Odys. 21, 53. Inflected like δείκνυμαι, 
-ἐδεικνύμην. 

αἱρέω (EAN), to take, fut. αἱρήσω, Xen. Hel. 8, 
5, 15 also ἑλώ rare, Arist. Eq. 290: perf. ἥρηκα 
onic ἀραΐρηκα, Thuc. 1, 103; Herod. 5, 102: 


80 αἰρῶ 


perf. pass. ἥρημαι Ionic’ ἀραίρημαι, Soph. Antig. 
493 ; Herod. 4, 66; 7, 83: aor. pass. ἠρέϑην, 
Eurip. Sup. 635: 2 aor. εἷλον, ἕλω, Xen. Hel. 1, 
ὅ, 2]. Verbal aigetéos, as active (δεῖ alpsty), 
Xen. Anab. 4, 7,33 or as middle (δεῖ αἱρεῖσϑαι), 
Isoc. 135. — Mid. α͵ρέομαι, to choose, select, pre- 
fer, fut. αἱρήσομαι, Xen. Anab. 1, 3, 53 also 
ἑλοῦμαι rare and later, Anthol. 9, 108 : perf. 
ἤἥρημαι, Xen. Hel. 3, 1,3: aor. ἡρησάμην rare, 
Arist. Thesm. 761: 2 aor. εἱλόμην, ἕλωμαι, Misch. 
Pers. 7; also εἱλάμην later. — The fut. ἀφαιρή- 
count of the compound ἀφαιρέομαι is used pas- 
sively, shall be deprived, Eurip. Troad. 1278; 
Herod. 5, 35. 


Simonid. frag. 9, εἱλάμην, for which Hermann writes 
εἱλόμην. — Arist. Eq. 290 περιελῶ, is supposed by some to 
come from περιελαύνω, but compare Arist. Nub. 844. As to 
ἐξελοῦντες, Herod. 3, 59, it may easily be changed into ἐξε- 
λῶντες, from ἐξελαύνω. ---- γέντο, he seized, 2 aor, mid. 3 sing. 
Epic for ἕλετο, 1]. 8,43. It is formed from the original theme 
FEA, in the following manner; Federo, Feito (like 
alto for ἥλετο), Ferro (like ἦνϑον, βέντιστος, for ἤλϑον, βέλ- 
τιστος) ; finally, after the disappearance of F, γέντο. 

We suppose that 22, became “442 (whence ἁλίσκομαι), 
after the analogy of τρέπω, TOUT." τρέφω, τράφω. The form 
“AA Was changed into “AP (compare κλίβανος, κρίβανος), 
hence “4/P2, aiggzw. But “EAM was FEA, therefore 
αἵρέω must have been Farge. In fact, the Homeric ἀπο- 
aigeo (Il, 1, 275) seems to imply ἁποξαιρεο.. 


αἴρω (APR, “ἀείρω), to raise, lift up, fut. ἀρῶ 
(a), Soph. Aj. 75: aor. ἦρα, ἄρω (ἃ), Soph. Aj. 
129: perf. ἦρκα, Thue. 8, 100: perf. pass. ἦρμαι, 
Thue. 7, 41: aor. pass. ἤρϑην, Thuc. 1, 49. 
The fut. ἀρῶ (a), should be referred to ἀείρω, 
which see. — Mid. αἴρομαι, to lift up for one’s 
self, gain, win, fut. ἀρούμαι (0), Soph. Col. 460 : 
perf. ἤρμαι, Soph. Elec. 54: aor. noduny, ἄρω- 
μαι (ἃ), Thuc, 8, 39; Pind. Isth. 5, 87: 2 aor. 


QTL 8] 
ἠρόμην, ἄρωμαι (ἄ), Il. 28, 592; Asch. Sept. 
316. 


Homer uses ἠράμην and ἠρόμην in the indicative; in the 
other moods, the second aorist only, ἀροίμην, ἀρέσϑαι. The 
Attic poets generally use ἠἡράμην " sometimes ἠρόμην, but 
only in the dependent moods, as ἀροίμην (ἃ). Prose writers 
use only ἠράμην with its dependent moods. 

ἐξάρῃ (won), 2 aor. subj. 3 sing. with short «, Athen. 1, 
62; edited also ἐξάγῃ from ἐξάγω, ἄγω. ----ἤ ρα, aor. mid. 
2 sing. for ἤρω, Arist. Ach, 913, in the mouth of a Beotian. 

αἰσϑάνομαι (AIZOS2), to perceive, fut. αἰσϑήσο- 
μαι, Xen. Cyr. 7, 1,9: perf. ἤσϑημαι, Eurip. 

Hip. 1403: aor. noPouny, Thuc. 1, 72. 
αἴσϑομαι for αἰσϑάνομαι, Plat. Rep. 10, 8; doubt- 
ful. | 
ἀΐσϑω (ἄημι, ao), to breathe, breathe forth, ll. 16, 
468; 20, 403. | 
ἀΐσσω or aitta, to rush impetuously, aor. nga, Il. 
4, 78: aor. pass. ἠΐζϑην as active, Il. 3, 368. — 
Mid. ἀΐσσομαι as active, Il. 6,510: aor. ἠιξάμην, 
I]. 22, 195. — See also ἄσσω or ᾷττω. 
ἀΐξασκον, aor, iterative, I]. 18, 159. 
αἰσχύνω (AIL XY), long v, to shame, disgrace, 
abuse, fut. αἰσχυνῶ, Eurip. Hip. 719: aor. ἤσχῦ- 
va, Thuc. 4, 92: perf. pass. ἤἦσχυμμαι, 1], 17, 
189: aor. pass. σχύνϑην as middle, Xen. Anab. 
2,3, 22. Verbal αἰσχυντέος as middle (δεῖ αἱ- 
oyvveotat), Xen. Cy. 4, 2, 40.— Mid. αἰσχύνο- 
pat, to be or feel ashamed, respect, fut. aisyvvov- 
μαι, Xen. Mem. 3, 1, 11. 
αἰτιάομαι (αἰτία), to blame, find fault with, fut. 
αἰτιάσομαι (ἃ), Plat. Gorg. 156: perf. ἠτίάμαι 
usually passive, Thuc. 3, 61: aor. ἠτιάϑην (ἃ) 
passively, Xen. Hel. 2, 1, 32: aor. mid. ἠτιᾶσοί- 
unv, Xen. Anab. 7, 8, 23. Verbal αἰτιατέος, 
Xen. Cyr. 7, 1,.11. 


αἰτιάασϑαι, infin. protracted for αἰτιᾶσϑαι (αἰτιάεσϑαι), 


82 αἰῶ 


Epic. I. 10, 120. --ἠτιάασϑε; imperf. 2 plur. for ἡτιᾶσϑε 
(ἡτιάεσϑ ε), Τί. 16, 202: 3 plur. ἡτέόωντο, for ἡτιῶντο (ἡτιά- 
οντο), Il. 11, 78. 

Bt Beles pres. 3. plur. protracted for αἰτιῶνται (αἰτιά- 
ονταιὴ, Epic. Odys. 1, 32: αἰτιόῳο, opt. ὦ sing. for αἰτιῷο 
(αἰτιάοιο), Epic, Odys. 20, 135: 3 sing. aitio@to, for αἶτι- 
@to (αἰτιᾶοιτο), 1]. 11, 654. 


dio, to hear, ASsch. Agam. 55: imperf. aioy, Eu- 
rip. Med. 148; Pind. Pyth. 3, 47. — See also 
αὐδάω. 


I]. 15, 252, ἀΐω is supposed to be synonymous with «- 
σϑω, to give up the ghost. 


ἀκαχίζω (AX2, AKAXMR, ἀχέω), to grieve, afflict, 
sadden, Epic. Odys. 16, 432: fut. ἀκαχήσω, 
Hom. Hym. 2, 286: aor. ἀκάχησα, Il. 23, 223: 
2 aor. ἤκαχον, Il. 16, 822.— Mid. ἀκαχίζομαι, 
io sorrow, grieve, be afflicted, Odys. 11, 486 : 
perf. ἀκάχημαι as present, ἀκάχησϑαι, ἀκαχήμε- 
vos Or axnzeuevos, Odys. 19,95; Il. 19, 335; 
5, 24, 364: 2 aor. MO LOENY, Aah it Odys. 
16, 342; 1, 236. 


ἀκηχέδαται, perf. 3 plur. for ἀκήχενται, 1]. 17, 697. -- 
ἀκαχϑείατο, pluperf. 3 plur. for ἀκάχηντο, 1]. 12, 179. 

The root of this verb seems to be an onomatopy. Compare 
the interjection ah! Romaic ay! denoting pain, Eig. 
— From the theme 4x2 comes the noun ἄχος. 


ἀκαχμένος, see AKS2. 

ἀκέομαι, to heal, mend, remedy, fut. ἀκέσομαι (σσὶ), 
Mus. 199: aor. ἠκεσάμην, Eurip. Hec. 1067: 
aor. act. part. ἐξακέσας (ἀκέσας), Pythagor. 66. 

axéo, imperat. 2 sing. for axéeo, Herod. 3, 40. 

ἀκηδέω (axndys), to neglect, Asch. Prom. 508: aor. 

~  axndece, Il. 14, 427. 

ἀκονάζω, for ἀκούω, Hom. Hym. 2, 423. — Mid. 
ἀχονάξομαι as active, Odys. 9, 7. 

ἀκούω (ΑἸ ΚΟ), lo hear, fut. ἀκούσομαι, Arist. 
Ach. 302: aor. ἤκουσα, Xen. Mem. 2, 5, 1: perf. 
ἄκουκα Doric, Plut. Lycurg. ὃ 20: 2 perf, ἀκή- 


dhe 83 


κοῦ; Soph. Aj. 480: 2 pluperf. ers ae 
ἀκηκόειν, Xen. Hel. 5, 1, 26; Herod. 
pert. pass. ἤκουσμαι later, Etymolog. Magn. "ines 
σινάμωροι " aor. pass. ἠκούσϑην, Thuc. 3, 38. 
; Verbal anxovotéos, Arist. Ran. 1180. — Mid. 
ἀκούομαι as active, imperf. ἠκουόμην, Il. 4, 331 : 
aor. ἠκχουσάμην, Mosch. 3, 126. 
ἀκροάομαι (ἀκούω), to hear, fut. ἀκροάσομαι (ao), 
Plat. Apol. 27: aor. ἠκροὰσάμην. Arist. Nub. 
1343. Verbal ἀκροατέος, Arist. Ay. 1228. 

It seems to be a prolongation of ἀκούω (AK 0.2). For the 
insertion of 9, compare δαρδάπτω from dantw, ἄγρυπνος for 
ἀῦπνος from ἀ- and ὕπνος. 

AK, to sharpen, perf. pass. part. ἀκαχμένος, ἡ, ov, 
sharpened, pointed, Epic, Il. 10, 135. 

Observe that the x of the root is changed | into Y (not into 
7) before u. — The nouns αἰχμή, ἀκμή, ἀκή, ἀκωκή (like ἃ ἀγω- 
yn from ἄγω) are derived from this theme, Further, it is 
connected with the Latin acuo, acus, actes. 

aAaive, another form of ἀλάομαι, A’sch. Aiea 82. 

ἀλαλάζω (adore), to raise a war cry, fut. ἀλαλάξο- 
μαι, Eurip. Bac. 593: aor. ἡλάλαξα, Xen. Anab. 

- -96;-2;-14. 

ἄλαλκον, see ἄλέξω. 

ἀλαλύκτημαι, see ἀλυχτάζω. 

ἀλάομαι, to wander, Poetic, fut. ἀλήσομαι, Hes. 
Scut. 409: perf. ἀλάλημαι, as present, ἀλά- 
λησϑαι, ἀλαλήμενος, Il. 23, 74;-Odys. 12, 284; 
13, 333: aor. pass. ἀλήϑην, Odys. 14, 120. 

ἀλγύνω (ἀλγεινός, AAIYV 2), to. vex, give pain, 
sadden, fut. ἀλγυνῶ, Soph. Phil. 66: aor. ἠλγῦ- 
va, Soph. Tyr. 446: aor. pass. ἡἠλγύνθην, Ausch. 
Prom. 245: fut. mid. ἀλγυνοῦμαι, Soph. Antig. 
230. 

ἀλδαίΐνω (AAAANSI2), to nourish, increase, Poetic, 
_ Aisch. Sept. 12: 2 aor. ἤλδανον, Odys. 18, 70. 
— See also ἀλδήσκω. 


84 addy 


Arist. ΝᾺ. 282, for ἀλδομέναν, Dindorf edits ἀρδομέναν. 
It seems to be etymologically connected with the Latin — 


alo. 

ἀλδήσκω (ἀλδαίνω), to nourish ; also to grow, intran- 
sitive; Theoc. 17, 78; Il. 23, 599: aor. ἀλδήσα- 
oxov iterative, later Epic, Orph. Lith. 364. — See 
also addaive. 

ἀλεείνω (adéouat), to avoid, Il. 11, 794; 6, 167. 

aheipa (4.41.2), to anoint, fut. ἀλείψω, Eurip. 
Aul. 1486: aor. ἤλειψα, Arist. Eq. 490: perf. 
ἤλειφα and ἀλήλιφα, Dem. 1243: perf. pass. 
ἤλειμμαι and ἀλήλιμμαι, Dem. 791; Thue. 3, 
20: aor. pass. ἡλείφϑην, Eurip. Taur. 698: 2 
aor. pass. ἡλίφην, Plat. Phedr. 88. ἀλειπτέος, 

᾿ ἐξαλειπτέος, Lysias, 202. — Mid. ἀλείφομαι re- 
flexive, to anoint one’s self, ἀλείψομαι, ah 

μην, Thuc. 4, 68; Arist. Nub. 977. 

ἀλέξω (44 ΕΚ), ΔΛ ΚΩ, AAKAOL), to help, 
assist, ward or drive off, Poetic i in. the active, fut. 
ἀλεξήσω, 1]. 6, 109: aor. ἡλέξησα, rarely ἤλεξα, 
Odys. 3, 346; Aisch. Sup. 1062: 2 aor. ἤλαλ- 
KO”, also ἤλκαϑον, ἀλκάϑειν, Pind. Olym. 10, 
125; Ausch. frag. 417; Soph. frag. 827. — Mid. 
ἀλέξομαι, to avert from my self, repel an enemy, 
defend my self, fut. ἀλεξήσομαι, Xen. Anab. 7 
7,3: aor. ἠλεξάμην, Xen. Cyr. 1, 5, 13. 

ἀλέκω, pres. for ἀλέξω, later, Anthol. 6, 245. 

The themes 44EK2, AAKSL seem to be connected with 
ἀρήγω and agxéw. For the commutation of 4 and 9, com- 
pare κλίβανος, κρέβανος " EAN, ἁλίσκομαι, αἵρέω" EAON, 
ἔρχομαι " καλύπτω, κρύπτω. 

ἀλέομαι (ἀλεύω), to avoid, Epic, Il. 5, 34: aor. ἡλεά- 
μην, ἀλεαίμην, ἀλέασϑε, ἀλέασϑαι, Il. 13, 436; 
Odys. 20, 368; 4, 774. 

ἀλεύω, to avert, ward off, Ὁ rotect, Poetic, βοῇ. 
Prom. 368 (2): fut. Ror Dod Soph. frag. 825: aor. 
ἤλευσα, ἄλευσον, Asch. Sept. 87; Sup. 528, — 


adic 85 


Mid. ἀλεύομαι, to avoid, Epic, Odys. 24,29: aor. 
ἀλευάμην, Il. 3, 360. yO 1} 

ἀλέω, to grind, Arist. Nub. 1358: fut. ἀλέσω, ado, 
doubtful, Arist. Νὰ. 1299: aor. yAzoa (a0), 
Odys. 21, 109; Theoph. Char. 4: perl. ἀλήλεκα, 
Anthol. 11, 251: perf. pass. ἀλήλεσμαι and ἀλή- 
λεμαι, Herod. 7, 23; Thuc. 4, 26. 

ἀλήϑω (ἀλέω), to grind, Anthol. 11, 154. 

ἀλήναι, see etho. BEF sini 

ἄλθομαι, to become healed, Epic, imperf. ἀλϑόμην, 
Il. 5, 417: fut. pinnae passively, Il. 8, 405: 
aor. pass. ἀλϑεσϑῆναι, Hippocr. \, 

ἁλιβδύω (dAs, δύω), long v, to submerge in the sea, 
Call. frag. 269. 7 uf 

For δύειν, the Aolians said βδύειν, that is Εδυειν, Ety- 

mol. Magn. voc. ἁλιβδύειν. » ΤῊ 


ἀλίνδω or ἀλίνδομαι, and ἀλινδέω, ἀλινδέομαι, to 

roll, Nic. Ther. 156; Anthol. 7, 796 : aor. ἡλίσα, 
‘Arist. Nub. 32: perf. ἥλικα, Arist. Nub. 33. 

ἁλίσκομαι (4.442, “AAO, “AALMI), to be 
taken, captured, Thuc. 1, 121: imperf. ἡλεσκό- 
μην, Thuc. 7, 23: fut. ἁλώσομαι, Xen. Anab. 1, 
4,7: perf. ἑάλωκα the usual Attic perfect, also 
ἥλωκα, Thuc. 3, 29; Herod. 1, 83: 2 aor. éd- 
λῶν the usual Attic aorist, also ἥλων, ao, adoiny, 
ἁλώναι, ἁλούς, Arist. Vesp. 355; Herod. 1, 84. 


All these forms have a passive signification. The active 
is supplied by aigéw, to take. | 

ἁλώω, ys, on, 2 aor, subj. Epic for ao, os, ᾧ, Il. 11, 405; 
14,81; Herod. 4, 127: ἁλῴην, 2 aor. opt. not Attic, for 
ἁλοίην, Odys, 14, 183: ἁλώμεναι, 2 aor. inf. Epic for ἁλῶ- 
vou, 1]. 21, 495. ' : 

The penult of ἑάλων is long in'the indicative, but short in _ 
the other moods. But ἁλόντε, Il. 5, 487, has & long. 

The theme ‘44 is evidently a modification of ‘E42, 
αἱρέω, which see. We may therefore assume F442 as 
the original theme. : , 

8 


86 adit 


ahitoaivea (ἀλιτρός, AAITS2), to sin, err against, 
Hes. Op. 239: aor. ἀλίτησα rare, Orph. Arg. 
642: 2aor. ἤλιτον, 1]. 9, 375. — Mid. aditgac- 
vouce as active, written also ἀλιταΐνομαι, Hes. 
Op, 328: aor. ἡλιτόμην, Odys. 5, 108: perf. 
part. ἀλιτήμενος as an adjective, sinning, offend- 
ng. 
Heés. Scut. 91, ἀλιτήμενος seems to be equivalent to ἀλιτή- 
μων, wicked, 
ἀλκάϑειν, see ἀλέξω. | : 
ἀλλάσσω or ἀλλάττω (Α 44.412, ἄλλος), to 
change, fut. ἀλλάξω, Eurip. Bac. 1332: δου. 
ἤλλαξα, Eurip. Phen. 1246: perf. ἤλλαχα, 
Xen. Mem. 3, 13, 6: perf. pass.~ ἤλλαγμαι, 
Arist..Pac. 1128: aor. pass. ηλλάχϑην, Kurip. 
Aul. 798: 2 aor. pass. ἡλλάγην, Arist. Ach. 270. 
Verbal aAdaxtéos, Dem. 410.— Mid. ἀλλάσομαι, 
to exchange, ἀλλάξομαι, Eurip. Hel. 1088; aor. 
ἠλλαξάμην, Thuc. 8, 82; Pind. Olym. 10, 21. 
Eurip. Alc. 672, Ἰλλαξάτη», aor. 2 dual for the usual 
form ἠλλάξατον 1} => 
ἅλλομαι (AAS), to léan; fut. ἁλούμαι, Doric adev- 
μαι, Xen. Eq. 8,4; Theoc. 8, 25: aor. ἡλάμην, 
ἅλωμαι (6), Arist. ἤδη. 944: 2 aor. ἡλόμην, ἅλω- 
μαι (a), Xen. Hel. 4, δ, 7. 
-ahgo, 2 aor 2 sing. Epic, for (ἅἄλεσο, wheo) ἥλου, 1]. 16, 


754; 3 sing. alto, for ἥλετο, Il. 1, 5382: all with the smooth 
breathing ; compare ἤμβροτον from ἁμαρτάνω. The ἃ is 
long in consequence of the anomalous temporal augment. — 
ἄλεται, 2 aor. subj. 3 sing. Epic, for ἅληται, 11. 11, 192: 
ἄλμενος, 2 aor, part. in composition, ἴογ" ἁλόμενος, 1]. 11, 
421: with the smooth breathing. — We have already at- 

᾿ tempted to connect ἄλλομαν with βαλλίζω, πάλλω, Latin salio, 
ballistea, Italian ballo, English ball (dance), 


ἀλοάω and ἁλοάω, to thrash out corn, to smite, Xen. 
(Econ. 18, 3: aor. ἠλόησα, Arist. Ran. 149: 
perf. pass. ἠλόημαι, Athen. 14, 17. 


αμαρ 87 


ἀλοιάω, Epic for ἀλοάω, Theoc. 10, 48: aor. ἠλοίη- 
oa, ll. 4, 522. ; 

‘AAO, see ἁλίσκομαι, avakda. 

ἀλυκτάζω, to be troubled, in distress, Herod. 9, 70: 
perf. mid. ἀλαλύκτημαι as present, Epic, 10, 94; 
as from a present in -ἄω. 

ἀλυσϑαίνω (advo), to be sick at heart, Call. Del. 
212. 

ἀλύσκω and ἀλυσκάζω (AAYTKQ, AATZKA- 
Ni), to avoid, escape, Poetic, Odys. 23, 363: 
fut. ἀλύξω and ἀλύξομαι, fésch. Pers. 93; Hes. 
Op. 361: aor. ἤλυξα, Asch, Pers. 100; "2 aor. 
ἀλύσκανον, Odys. 22, 330. 

Soph. Aj. 656, ἐξαλύξωμαι, aor. mid. subj. is edited also 

ἐξαλεύσωμαι from ἐξαλεύομαι. 

ἀλύσσω, to be distressed in mind, rave, Il. 22, 70. 

advo, sometimes adva,. to be mentally moved from 
joy or grief, to bein agony, to be ina state of 
perplexity, AXsch. Sept. 391; Arist. Vesp. 111. 


The penult is long in Attic Rest’: ; the Epic Poets make 
it generally short. 


ἀλφαίνω (AA®GN), to find, Poetic, Eurip. Med. 
298 ; Arist. frag. 308: 2 aor. ἤλφον, 1]. 21, 79. 

‘AAQ, see ἁλίσκομαι. . 

ἁμαρτάνω ( AMAPT2), to err, miss, fut. ἁμαρτή- 
oa onic, Hippocr. ; Attic ἁμαρτήσομαι, Xen. 
Hel, 2, 4, 16 : aor. ἡμάρτησα later, Orph. Arg. 
641: perf. ἡμάρτηκα, Thuc. 3, 53: pert. pass. 
nudetnuat, Soph. Tyr. 621: aor. pass. ἡμαρτή- 

- Inv, Thuc. 2, 65: 2 aor. ἥμαρτον, Epic ἦμβρο- 
τον, Arist. Nub. 1076; 1], 5,287. Verbal apag- ᾿ 
τητέος, Dem. 595. 


The Epic form ἤμβροτον is formed from ἥμαρτον as - 
follows ; «ἥμαρτον by metathesis ἥμρατον" by changing α 
into ὁ, ἥμροτον᾽ by inserting 8, and changing the rough |. 
breathing into the smooth, ἤμβροτον, like μεχημβῥῥῶη from 


88 αμβλ 


μεσημερία, μεσημ-ρια " “γαμβρός, from γάμος, γαμερος, γαμ-ρος᾿ 
ἄμβροτος, from MEIP2, μορτός, amogros, ἀμ-φοτος " ἔμβραται 
for εἵμαρται. 


ἀμθλίσκω and ἀμβλόω, to miscarry, Plat. Theet. 
18; Eurip. Andr. 356: aor. ἤμβλωσα, Plat. 
Theet. 21: perf. nuB8A@xa, Arist. Nub. 138: 
pert. pass. ἡμόλωμαι, Arist. Nub. 140: 2 aor. 
ἡμὄλων, like ἔγνων from γιγνώσκω, in Suidas. 
ἐξαμβλέεται, pres. pass. implying a present active in ἕω, 
Hippocr. 
ἀμδλύνω (ἀμβλύς), to blunt, fut. ἀμβλυνώ, Asch. 
Sept. 715: perf. pass. ἤμβλυμμαᾶι, Athen. 13, 
61: aor. ἠμόλύνθϑην, Anthol. 5, 220: fut. mid. 
ἀμθλυνοὕμοαι as passive, Hippocr. 
ἀμείρω and ἀμέρδω (AMEPL), to deprive, Pind. 
Pyth. 6, 27; Odys. 19, 18: aor. ἤμερσα, Odys. 
8, 64: aor. pass. ἠμέρϑην, Tl. 22°58. 
For a ἀποαίνυται, the accepted reading, Odys. 17, 322, 
Plato reads ἁ ἀἁπομεέρεται, Leg. 6, 19 


ἀμπάλλω, Poetic for ἀναπάλλω, see πάλλω. 

ἀμπέχω (ἀμφί, ἔχω), to wrap around, to clothe, 
Soph. Col. 314: imperf. ἀμπεῖχον, ἄμπεχον, 
“Οαγ5. 6, 226: fut. ἀμφέξω, Eurip. Cycl. 544: 
2 aor. ἤμπισχον, Eurip. lon, 1159.— Mid. ἀμ- 
πέχομαι and ἀμπισχνέομαι, to put on, clothe one’s 
self, wear, Arist. Av. 1567. 1090: imperf. ἠμπει- 
χόμην, and ἀμφεχόμην (), Plat. Phaed. 82 ; Apol. 
1, 324: 2 aor. ἠμπισχόμην and ἡἠμπεσχόμην, 
Arist. Eccl. 540; Thesm. 165; Eurip. Med. 
.1149. 

ἀμπίσχω (ἀμφί, ἴσχω), another form of ἀμπέχω, 
Eurip. Hip. 193. — Mid. ἀμπίσχομαι, Eurip. Hel. 
422. ι 

ἀμπλάκίσχω (AMITAAKY, AMBAAK2), to 
err, miss, perf. ἠμπλάκημαι, ἤβοῃ. Sup. 916: 
2 aor. ἤμπλακον and τραχὺς: J&sch. Agam. 


αμφι 89 


1212; Pind. Olym. 8, 89; Archil. frag. 30; 
part. ᾿ἀμπλακών, and ἀπλακών without the Uy 
Eurip. Alc. 241. 

ἀμπνύω, (ἀνά, IINT2), short v, to recover breath, 
Epic for ἀναπνέω, 11. 22, 222: aor. pass. au- 
πνύνϑην as active, Il. 5, 697. 


ἄμπνῦτο, 2 aor, mid. S-sing. as active, Mee had so Ul. 
11, 359. 


ἀμύζω (μὐζω), to suck, Xen. Anab. 4, 5, 27. 

ἀμύνω (ΑΜΥΝΑΘΩ), lo assist, ‘defend, avert, 
keep off, fut. ἀμυνέω, aurea, Herod. 9, 60; Eu- 
rip. Orest. 523: aor. ἠμῦνα, Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 67: 
2 aor. ἠμύναϑον in Attic Poetry, Arist. Nub. 
1323; Soph. Col. 1015; Eurip. Andr. 1079. 
Verbal ἀμυντέος, AS active (δεῖ ἀμύνειν), Soph. 
Antig. 667. — Mid. ἀμύνομαι, to repel an ti 
defend one’s self, fut. ἀμυνοῦμαι, Xen. Cyr..5, 4 
21: aor. ἡμυνάμην, Soph. Tyr: 277: 2 aor. ἢ. 
μυναϑόμην in Attic Poetry, Eurip. Andr. 721 ; 
Asch. Eum. 438. ς΄ 

ἀμφιάζω, later for ἀμφιέννυμι, aor. ijesiphcoees; —An- 
thol. 7, 76: perf. nupiaxa, Athen.'6, 70. 

ἀμφιγνοέω (ἀμφί, γοξῶ), to doubt, imperf, ἡμφιγνό- 
cov and ἠμφεγνόεον, Xen. Anab. 2, 5, 335; Plat. 
Soph. 46: aor. ἠμφεγνόησα, Plat. Soph, 80: aor. 
pass. part. ἀμφιγνοηϑείς, Xen. Hel. 6, 5, 26. 

ἀμφιέννυμι (ἀμφί, ἕννυμι), to put on another, Ὧ 
clothe, imperf. ἠμφιέννυν, Plat. Tim. 53: 
ἀμφιέσω, ἀμφιῶ, Odys. 5, 167; Arist. Eq. 891: 
aor. ἠμφίεσα, Xen. Cyr. 1.8, 17. — Mid. ἄμφι- 
ἕννυμι, to put on one’s self, clothe one’s self, fut. 
ἀμφιέσομαι, Xen. Cyr. 4, 3, 20: perf. ἠμφίεσμαι, 
Xen. Mem. 1, 6; 2: aor. mid. shel i 
Odys. 23, 142, | 

ἀμφινοέω, for ἀμφιγνοέω, Soph. Antig. 376. 


90: αμφι 


ἀμφισθητέω ἰὠριρί; βαίνω 3), to dispute, imperf. 
ἠμφισβήτεον and ἠμφεσθήτεον, Dem. 347; Plat. 
Menex. 13: aor. ἡμφισθήτησα and ἠμφεσβήτησα, 
Dem. 818; Plat. Gorg. 70: perf. ἡμφισβήτηκα, 
Dem. 820: aor. pass. ἡμφισβητήϑην, Plat. Polit. 
18: fut. mid. oe as passive, Plat. 
Theet. 73. 

ἀναγιγνώσκω, 566 γιψνώσκω. 

ἀναίνομαι (dr, αἶνος), to refuse, strictly to say 0, 
impert. ἠναινόμην, Asch. Agam. 300: aor. nv7- 
 ψάμην, ἀνήνωμαι, 1]. 7, 185; 9, 510. 


We assume a theme 47, to say, the same as the Latin 
aio. By annexing ν to the root, ΑΝ, like tivw from tie), 
πίνω from ΠΕ with ἀν.- privative, ANAIND, ἀν-αίνομαι, 
after the analogy of ἀτίω from ἀ-, tim. The words αἶνος, 
αἰνέω come from AV. Further, Hesychius has «iy», 
βαρυτόνως, ἐπαινῶν τι, where the edverb βαρυτόνως implies 
that the accent should be on the penult. We observe fur- 
ther, that αἶσα, fate, is derived from AITN, after the analogy 
of δόξα from δοκέω (AOKM), and ἄση from ἄω" -σα or -on, 
being used instead of the common -σις, -σία. Compare the 
Latin fatum, from ον, Jari. — It is often considered as 
a prolongation of ἀν- privative; but there is no analogy in 
favor of this supposition. 


ἀναλίσκω and ἀνάλόω (ἀνά,  AATXKQ, ‘AA O82), 
10 expend, Thuc. 7, 48; Xen. Hel. 6, 2, 13: im- 
perf. ἀνήλισκον and dvdlosy, Xen. Cyr. r,.B;16; 
Thue. 8, 45: fut. ἀναλώσω; Xen. Hel. 1, ὅ, 4: 
aor. ἀνάλωσα and ἀνήλωσα, Thue: 8;81; Dem. 
1223 ; also κατηνάλωσα from “arava donc, Isoc. 
201: perf. ἀνάλωκα and ἀνήλωκα, Thuc. 2, 70 ; 
Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 15: perf. pass. ἀνάλωμαι and 
ἀνήλωμαι, Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 4; Xen. Hel. 2, 1,11; 
also κατηνάλωμαι from χαταναλίσχω, [βος..38: 
aor. pass. ἀναλώϑην and ἀνηλώϑην, Thuc. 3, 17; 
Dem. 1216. Verbal ἀναλωτέος, Plat. Leg. 8, 12. 

ἁνδάνω (AMS), to please, Ionic and Poetic, Soph. 
Antig. 504: imperf. ἥνδανον and ἑήνδανον and 


ἀνία 91 


ἑάνδανον, Il. 1,24; Herod. 7,172; 9,5; Odys. 8, 
143: fut. ἁδήσω, Herod. 5, 39: perf. ddyxa very 
rare, Eustath. ad Odys. 12, 281: 2 perf. ἕᾶδα, 
Doric Zada, Il. 9, 173; Theoc. 27, 22: 2 aor. 
Eadov and ἅδον, Epic evador, ada, ἀδεῖν, Herod. 
1, 151; Pind. Isth. 4, 24; Il. 14; 340. — Mid. 
ἁνδάνομαι as active, Anthol. 10, 7. 


ἄσμενος, 2 aor. part. syncopated (ad-uevoc), as an adjec- 
tive, pleased, with pleasure, Pind. Olym. 19, 104. παι αν" 
Fuss, from ἄλλομαι. 

The original theme was F 44.2, hence βάδομαι, βαδύς ΟΣ 
(ηδύς), γαδεδᾷν, γαδεώ, γαδεῖν, γάδεσθαι, γάσσαν, εὔαδεν 
(Rem. § 25). Compare Latin suavis, suadeo (1), English 
sweet. Compare also yuiw, γαῦρος, elec Latin ϑονρίεο, 
gaudium, English gay. 

ANEOQ, 2 perl. ἀνήνοθϑα as present, to spring, 
trickle out, issue forth, Epic, Odys. 17, 270. 


Il. 11, 266, avi voter is anew imperfect. Compare 
ἄρηρεν, μέμαεν, τετεύχετον, and ἐπέφῦκον, from o ἀραρίσκω, MAN, 
reuze and gv. 

ἀνέσω, ἀνέσαιμι, from avinut, see ἵημι. 

ἀνέχω (ore ἔχω), to hold up, impert. ἀνεῖχον, fut. 
ἀνέξω, 2 aor. ἀνέσχον, &c., as in ἔχω. ---- Mid. 
ἀνέχομαι, to endure, primarily to hold one’s self 
up, imperf. ἠνειχόμην, Thue. 1, 77: fut. ἀνέξομαι 
and ἀνασχήσομαι, Xen. Hel. 4, 8, 4; Arist. Ach. 
299: 2 aor. ἠνεσχόμην, rarely avecyouny, Xen. 
Anab..1, 8, 26; Arist. Pac. 347; Herod. 5, 89. 

ἀνήνοθα, 566 ANE OS2. 

ἀνιάζω, to be vexed, to sorrow, equivalent to ἀνιώ- 
wat from: ἀνιάω, Il. 18, 300. Sometimes it is 
equivalent to ἀνιάω, Odys. 19, 323. 

ἀνιάω (ἀνία), to vex, fut. ἀνιάσω (ἃ). Xen. Anab. 
3, 3, 19: aor. ἡνίᾶσα, Xen. Hel. 5, 4, 33: aor. 
age ἀνιάϑην (a), as middle, Xen. Hel. 6, 4, 20.. 

id. pile gigs to be grieved, fut. ἄνιάσομαι, 

Xen. Anab. 4, 8, 26: perf. ree Ionic, Mosch. 
4, 3. 


92 avot 


ἀνοίγω (ἀνά, οἴγω), sometimes ἀνοίγνυμι, to open, 
Dem. 765: imperf. ἀνέῳγον and ἤνοιγον, Xen. 
Anab. 5, 5, 20; Hel. 1, 1, 2; Epic and Ionic 
᾿ ἀνῴγον, Il. 14, 168: fut. ἀνοίξω, Arist. Pac. 179: 
aor. uvéwka and ἤνοιξα, ἀνοίξω, Thuc. 2, 2, Xen. 
Hel. 1, 5, 13; Epic and Ionic ἀνῷξα and ἄνοιξα, 
‘Theoc. 14, 15; Herod. 1, 68; 4, 143: perf. 
ἀνέῳχα, Dem. 1048: perf. pass. ἀνέῳγμαι, Thuc. 
2,4: aor. pass. ἀνεῴχϑην, later ἡνοίχϑην, avot- 
Vf? £. 496, Eurip. Ton, 1563; N. T. Act. 12, 10: 
2 perf. avéoya as present neuter, fo stand open, 
Brunck’s Analect, 2, 230 (376). Verbal ἄνοι- 
_ ytéos, Eurip. lon, 1387. - 
᾿ ἄναοίγεσκον, Imperf. iterative, Il. 24, 455. 
ἀνορϑόω (avd, ὀρϑόω), to set upright, imperf. pass. 
ἠνωρϑοόμην, Plat. Theet. 2: fut. ἀνορϑώσω, 
Dem. 1232: aor. ἠἡνώρϑωσα and ἀνώρϑωσα, 
Dem. 140; Eurip. Alc. 1138: perf. pass. ἠνώρ- 
— Foun, Dem. 329. Verbal ἀνορϑωτέος, ἐπα- 
γορϑωτέος, Plat. Leg. 7, 14. 
ἀντάω (ἀντί), to meet, Poetic and Ionic, imperf. 
ἤντεον for ἥνταον, Il. 7, 423: fut. ἀντήσω, Il. 16, 
423: aor. ἤντησα, Herod. 1, 114; Pind. Olym. 
10, 49.—The compound σνναντάω has aor. mid. 
ovvnvtnoduny, Il. 17, 134. — See also ἀπαντάω. 
'συνάντήτην (ἀντήτην), 2 aor. 3 dual, as if from 4NTHMI, 
Odys. 16, 333. : 
ἀντεικάζω, to compare, see εἰκάζω. 
ἀντευποιέω (ἀντί, εὖ, ποιέω), to doa favor in re- 
turn, Ken. Anab. 5, 5, 21: aor. subj. avtev- 
ποιήσω, Dem. 494: perf. ἀντευπεποίηκα, Dem. 
476. “ὦ Ὁ : 
ἀντιάω, another form of ἀντάω, 1]. 6,127; 13,215: 
fut. ἀντιάσω (do), Odys. 22, 28: aor. ἡντίᾶσα; 
Il. 12, 356. — Mid. ἀντιάομαι as active, imperf. 
ἀντιαόμην, 1]. 24, 62. 


avoy | 93 


ἀντιόω, pres. Epic, protracted from ἀντιῶ (artic), Il. 12 if 
368 (future?) ; 3 plur. ἀντιόωσι for ἀντιῶσι, 1]. 6, 197: in- 
fin. ἀντιάᾳν for ἀντιᾷν (ἀντιάει»), Il. 13, 215: part. -fem. 
ἀντιόωσα ‘for ἀντιῶσα (ἀντιάουσα), Odys. 3; 436 (future 1). 
- ἀντιάασκον, imperf. iterative, Apol. 2, 100. 
ἀντιβολέω (ἀντί, βάλλω), to meet, supplicate, beg, 
pray, imperf. ἠντιβόλεον, Arist. Eq. 667: fut. 
ἀντιβολήσω, Odys. 18, 272: aor. ἀντεβόλησα 
and yvteBoAyoa, Pind. Olym. 13, 43; Arist. frag. 
101: aor. pass. part. ἀντιβοληϑείς, Arist. Vesp. 
560. 

ἀντιχράω (ἀντί, zou), to be sufficient, equivalent to 
ἀποχράω, used only in the aor. ἀντέχρησα, Herod. 
7. 57, 

ἄντομαι dian). to meet, supplicate, Soph. Col. 
250; Arist. Thesm. 977: imperf. ἠντόμην, Il. 
22, 203. 

ἀνύω and ἀνύτω (ἄνω), short v, fo accomplish, per- 
JSorm, Arist. Plut. 413; Xen. Gicon. 21,3; Soph. 
Antig. 231: fut. ἀνύσω gv), Arist. Ran. 649 : 
aor. ἡνῦσα (06), Odys. 4, 357 ; Pind. Pyth. 12, 
20: perf. yvvxa, Plat. Polit. 7: perf. pass. HVv- 
ouat, Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 28: aor. pass. ἡνύσθϑην, 
Hes. Scut. 311: fut. mid. ἀνύσομαι (σσ) as pas- 
sive, Odys. 16, 373. — Mid. ἀνύομαι as active, 

Pind. *Pyth. 2, 90 : aor. ἡνυσάμην, Herod. 1, 91. 
ἀνύω, fut. Epic for ἀνύσω, I. 11, 365. --ἀὄνῦμες, Imperf. 
1 plur. Doric, implying arm, Theoc. 7,10. ---ἄνύ το and 
ἤνῦτο imperf, pass.. ideiian' implying ANTMI, Theoc. 2, 92; 
Odys. 5, 243. 

»οἄνω (é), the original ‘roe of avva, Arist. Vesp. 
369 ; Plat. Cratyl. 68 (1); Il. 10, 251: imperf. 
ἦνον, Odys. 8,496; Herod. 1, 189. 

avaye, to order, request, exhort, Poetic and Ionic, 
Il. 4, 287; Herod. 7, 104: impert, ἤνωγον and 
ἡνώγεον, Il. 9, 578; 5, 805; 7, 394: fut. ἀνώξω, 
Odys. 16, 404: aor. Aveoke;: Hes. Scut. 479: 


ἃ 


94 OAV 


2 perf. ἄνωγα as present, sch. Eum. 902: 
2 plupert. ἠνώγειν as imperfect, Soph. Col. 1598. 
ἄνωγμεν, 2 perf. 1 plur. Poetic for ἀγώγαμεν, Hom. Hym. 
1, 528. — &vwy du, 2 perf. imperat. 2. sing. ἄνωχϑι, 1]. 10, 
67; Eurip. Alc. 1044; 3 sing. ἀνώχϑω, Il. 11, 189; 
2 plur. ἄνωχϑε, Odys. 22, 437; Eurip, Rhes. 987. 
ἀπαυράω (ἀπό, AYPANR AYP), to take away, 
Poetic. imperf. ἀπηύρων as aorist, IL 9, 131: aor. 
part. ἀπούρας. ---- Mid. aor. ἀπηυράμην, Aisch. 
Prom. 28; part. ἀπουράμενος as passive, being 
deprived, Hes. Scut. 173. 
ZEsch, Prom. τ ἀπηύρω is equivalent to ἐπηύρου from 
hati aleesceuae 
ἀπαφίσκω (άΦη, 41Π4Φ.2), to deceive, Poetic, 
Odys. 11, 217: fut. ἀπαφήσω, Anthol. 12, 26: 
aor. ἠπάφησα rare, Hom. Hym. 1, 376: 2 aor. 
ἥπαφον, ἀπάφω, Il. 14, 360; Odys. 23,°79:: 2 
aor. mid. opt. ἀπαφοίμην as active, Il. 9, 376. 
ἀπεικάζω, see εἰκάζω. . 
ἀπέκιξαν (ἔκιξαν), theg blew off or away, scattered 
about, a defective aor. 3 plur., Arist. Ach. 869 in 
Βαοίίς speech. 


Hesychius has κίξαντες, Ad dvre5; πορευϑέντες, implying 
ΚΙΚΩ, (probably the original form of izw). This being un- 
derstood, ἀπέκιξαν must proceed from the same root, although 
it has a causative signification, they made go offeot away. 
Compare βαΐνω, ἔβησα, causative. 

ἀπεχϑάνομαι and ἀπέχϑομαι (ἀπό, ἔχϑω), to be 
hated, Arist. Plut. 910; Il. 21, 83; Thuc. 1, 
136; Theoc. 7, 45: fut. mid. ἀπεχϑήσομαι as 
passive, Eurip. Nic 715 pert ἀπήχϑημαι, Xen. 
Anab. 7, 6, 35: 2 aor. mid. ἀπηχϑόμην as pas- 
sive, Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 25 ; Arist. Lys. 699. 


Strictly speaking, ἀπηχϑόμην i an imperfect with the force 
- of the aorist. Il. 3, 454, ἀπήχϑετο is evidently equivalent 
to ἐμισεῖτο, not to ἐμισήϑη. 


ἀποδίδωμι (ἀπό, δίδωμι), to give back or away, fut. 


anta 95 


ἀποδώσω, &c. as in the simple δίδωμι. ---- Mid. 
ἀποδίδομαι, to sell, dispose of, Xen. Anab. 7, 2, 
3: fut. ἀποδώσομαι, ‘Arist. Pac. 1259: 2 aor. 
ἀπεδόμην, Thue. I, 55. — See also πιπράσχω. 

ἀπόερσα, See ἐῤῥω. 

ἀποκρίνω (ἀπό, κρίνω), to separate, fut. ἀποκρινώ, 
ὅζο. as in the simple κρίνω. — Mid. ἀποκρίνομαι, 
to answer, fut. ἀποκρινοῦμαι, Arist. Nub. 1245: 
perf. ἀποκέχριμαι actively or passively, Xen. 
Anab. 2, 1, 5; Plat. Thezt. 108. 

ἀπολαύω (ἀπό, ΔΑΎΩ), to enjoy, impert. ἀπέλαυον, 
and ἀπήλανον, Isoc. 3: fut. ἀπολαύσομαι, Xen. 
Cyr. 7, 5, 81 ; also ἀπολαύσω later: aor. ἀπέλαυ- 
σα; and ἀπήλαυσα, Arist. Plut. 236; perf. ἀπολέ- 
Aavxa, Xen. Mem. 1, 6, 2. 

ἀπολογέομαι (ἀπόλογος), to make-a defence, fut. 
ἀπολογήσομαι, Thuc. 5, 21: perf. ἀπολελόγημαι 
actively or passively, Esch. 52,31; Plat. Rep. 10, 
8: aor. ἀπελογησάμην and ἀπελογήϑην, Xen. 
Cyr. 2,2, 13; Hel. 1, 4,13. Verbal ἀπολογη- 
TES, Plat. Apol. 2. 

ἀπούρας, ἀπουράμενος, See ἀπαυράω.. 

ἀποχράω (ἀπό, χράω), to be sufficient, Herod. ὅ, 31; 
Athen. ‘7, 80; infin. ἀποχρᾷν, Herod. 9, 94: fut. 
ἀποχρήσω, Arist. Plut. 484: ἀπέχρησα, Herod. 7, 
43.— Mid. ἀποχράομαι, part. ἀποχρεώμενος Ionic, 
to be contented, satisfied, Herod.. 1, 37: imperf. 
impersonally ἀπεχρέετο equivalent to ἀπέχρα, 
Herod. 8, 14. 

‘Impersonal ἀπόχρη, it suffices, it is enough ; 
Ionic axoyo¢, Herod. 9, 79: infin. ἀποχρᾷν lo- 
nic, Herod. §, 137: impert. ἀπέχρη, lonic ἀπέχρα, 
Plat. Phedr. 136; Herod. 1, 66: fut. ἀποχρή- 
σει, Herod. 8, 130: aor. ἀπέχρησε, Dem. 520. 

data (ADL), to Jasten, to cause to take hold of; 
also to kindle: fut. ἅψω, Xen. Anab. 1, 5, 16: 


96 000 


4 
aor. ywa, Ausch. Eum. 307; Pind. Isth. 3, 73: 
perf. pass. ἥμμαι, Odys. 12, 51: aor: pass. 
ἦφϑην, Hippocr. de Art. § 21; Herod. 1, 19. — 
Mid. ἅπτομαι, to take hold of, touch, fut. ἅψομαι, 
Soph. Col. 830: perf. ἥμμαι, Soph. Trach. 1009: 
aor. mid. ἡψάμην, Thuc. 2,48. Verbal ἁπτέος, 
as middle (δεῖ ἅπτεσϑαι), Plat. Rep. 2, 16. 
οὖς ξάφϑη or ἐάφϑη, was fastened, aor. pass, Epic, Il. 13, 
543; 14, 419; in both cases preceded by ἀσπίς, shield. 
ἀρἄομαι, to pray, fut. ἀρήσομαι Ionic, Odys. 2, 135; 
perf. ἡράμαι, ἐπήρᾶμαι, Dem. 275: aor. ἠρᾶσά- 
μὴν, Soph. Tyr. 251. : 
“ἀρήμεναι, pres, infin, Epic, as if from 4PHMz, like ἀήμε- 
vow from ἄημι, Odys. 22, 822. ae 
ἀραρίσκω (APS2), to fit, adapt, join, Epic, Odys. 
14, 23: aor. ἦρσα, Odys. 21, 45: aor. pass. 
ἤρϑην, Il. 16, 211: 2 perf. ἀρᾶρα, as neuter 
present, ¢o fit, A&sch. Prom. 60; Ionic ἄρηρα, 
Il. 13, 800: 2 pluperf. ἀρήρειν, sometimes ἡἠρή- 
ov, Il. 3, 338; 12, 56: 2 aor. ἤραρον, ἀράρω, 
Il. 4, 110; Odys. 5, 252.— Mid. perf. ἀρήρεμαι, 
_ Apol. 1, 787: aor. part. ἀρσάμενος, Hes. Scut. 
320: 2 aor. opt. 3 plur. ἀραροίατο as passive, 
Apol. 1, 369. ! 
ἀραρυῖα, 2 perf. part. fem. Epic for ἀρᾶρυϊα, Il. 3, 331. 
For. ἀρᾶρυϊαν, Hes. Theog. 608, Goettling edits congviar. 
— ἄρηρεν, imperf. transitive, from a new present αἀρήρω, 
Odys. 5, 248; compare ἀνήνοθϑεν, δείδιε, μέμαξν, ἐμέμηκον, 
τετεύχετον, from ANEON, dio, MAN, μηκάομαι, τεύγω. Butt- 
mann’ proposes ἄρασσεν from ἀράσσω" a poor emendation, 
-“--“προσαρήρεται, subjemid. Epic, Hes. Op, 429; imply- 
ing anew present αρηρω. Compare the preceding form, — 
&omevoc, 2 aor. mid. part. used adjectively, fitting, suitable, 
Il. 18, 600; Pind, Olym. 8, 96. --- 1]. 1G, 214, and Odys. 


4, 777, the 2 aor. ἤραρον is used intransitively, | 
The Latin substantive artus is derived from 4sPA. 


ἄρδω, to water, irrigate land, lead cattle to water, 
Herod. 2, 13: aor: ἦρσα, Herod. 2, 14. 


a900 97 


ἀρέσκω (APEQ, APL), to please, fut. ἀρέσω, 
Plat. Leg. 3, 16: aor. ἤρεσα, Xen. Hel. 1, 1, 26: 
aor. pass. ἠρέσϑην as active, Soph. Antig. 500. 
— Mid. ἀρέσκομαι, to concilate, adjust, fut. agé- 
σομαι, Asch. Sup. 665: aor. ἠρεσάμην, Hes. 
Scut. 255. 

ἀρημένος (ἃ) heavily laden, oppressed, a defective 
perf. pass. part. Epic, Il. 18, 435. 

ἀριστάω (ἄριστον), to dine, regular. For the syn- 
copated forms ἠρίσταμεν, ἠριστάναι, see Rem.. 

68. 

dptondeloga (ἄριστον, ποιέω), to dine, imperf. 
ἠριστοποιούμην, Xen. Anab. 3, 3, 1: fut. ἄριστο- 
ποιήσομαι, Thuc. 7, 49: perf. ἠριστοπεποίημαι,. 
Xen. Hel. 4, 5,8: aor. ἠριστοποιησάμην, Xen.. 
Hel. 6, 5, 20. 

ἀρκέω, to assist, defend, suffice, ward off, fut. agxé-. 
oa, Soph. Antig. 547: aor. a oe Olym. 
9,4:5.Xen. Hel. 6,4, 1," - 


It seems to be connected with ἀρήγο, ἀλέξω. For the com-- 
mutation of 4 and 9, see ἀλέξω. For the Latin arceo, usually 
connected with ἀρκέω, see ἔργω, to shut out. 


ἄρμενος, see ἀραρίσχω. 

ἀρμόζω or ἁρμόττω, to fit, adjust, aor. ἥρμοσα, i. 
17, 210: aor. pass. ἀρμόχϑην not Attic, Diogen.. 
Laert. 8, 85. — Mid. ἁρμόζομαι transitive, fo en- 
gage to wife, to be engaged toa woman, perf. 
ἥρμοσμαι, Herod. 3, 137: aor. ἡρμοσάμην, He-. 
rod. 5, 47. 

ἀρνέομαι, to deny, regular: aor. ἠρνησάμην and. 
ηἠρνήϑην, Herod. 3, 1; Dem. 850. 

ἄρνυμαι (αἴρω, APS), to win, earn, acquire, Il. 1,, 
159; 6, 446: imperf. ἀρνύμην, Il. 22, 160: 2 aor. 
ἠρόμην, ἀρόμην, ll, 9,124; 8, 121. 

ἀρόω, to plough, fut. ἀρόσω, Brunck’s Analect. 2 
21 (56): —" noooa, Soph. Tyr. 1497: perf. 


Ι 


98 anna 
pass. ἀρήρομαι, Herod. 4,97: aor. pass. ἠρόϑην, 
Soph. Tyr. 1485. 


ἀρόμμεναι, pres. infin. Epic, as if from 4PM, Hes. 
Op. 22. Compare ἔμμεναι from ivi. — dgowory, pres. 
Epic protracted after the analogy of verbs in aw, for ἀροῦσιν, 
Odys. 9, 108. - 
The original form was perhaps agoFo. Compare the 
Latin aro, arvum. 
ἁρπάζω (4 ΛΠ14142), to seize, carry off violently, 
snatch, fut. ἁρπάσω, ἁρπάσομαι, Eurip. lon, 1303 ; 
Xen. Cyr. 7, 2,5; also ἁρπάξω not Attic, Il. 22, 
310: aor. ἥρπασα, not Attic yewaga, Xen. Anab. 
4, 6, 11; Pind. Nem. 10, 125: perf. ἥρπακα, 
Xen. Anab. 1, 3, 14: perf. pass. ἥρπασμαι, later 
ἥρπαγμαι, Eurip. Phen. 1079: aor. pass. ἡρπά- 
σϑην, Xen. Hel. 6,5, 12; also ἡρπάχϑην not 
Attic, Herod. 2, 90: 2 aor. ἡρπάγην later. 
ἁρπάμενος, Ὁ aor, mid, part. as passive, as if from ‘4P- 


HHmi, Anthol. 11, 59. 
It seems to be connected with καρπαλίμως, κάπτω, ἅρπη, 


ἁφή, ἅπτω, μάρπτω, βράψαι, Latin carpo, capio, rapio, rapaz, 
English carp, rap (to seize), rape, Saxon hrepan, repan. 

ἀρύω and ἀρύτω (v), to draw water, Plat. Phedr. 
73: imperf. nevor, Hes. Scut. 301: aor. ἠρῦσα, 
Apol. 3, 1015: aor. pass. ἡρύϑην (v) and nov- 
σϑην, Athen. 2,4; Hippocr. Verbal ἀρυστέος, 
Arist. Eg. 921. --- Mid. ἀρύομαι and ἀρύτομαι, 
transitive, to draw for one’s self, Arist. Nub. 272; 
rarely ἀρύσσομαι, Herod. 6, 119: fut. ἀρύσομαι, 
Anthol. 9, 230: aor. yovoduny, Eurip. Hip. 210; 
Hes. Op. 548. 


It may. possibly be etymologically connected with the 
Latin haurio. 


ἄρχω, to command, rule, fut. ἄρξω, Xen. Hel. 1, 4, 
2: aor. ἦρξα, Thuc. 1, 4: aor. pass. ἤρχϑην, 
Thue. 2, 8: fut. mid. ἄρξομαι as passive, Herod. 


avde 99 


7, 159. Verbal ἀρκχτέος, Soph. Tyr. 628. --- Mid. 
ἄρχομαι, to begin, fut. ἄρξομαι, Xen. Mem. 3, 6, 
3: perf. ἤργμαι actively or passiv ely, Plat. Hip. 
Min. 2; Leg. ( 6, 15: aor. mid. ἠρξάμην, Thuc. 
2, 47. 

APL, see αἴρω, ἀραρίσκω, ἀρέσκω. 

ἀσάομαι (ἄση), to be sated, loathe, feel sad, be 
grieved, Theoc. 25, 240: aor. bie ai Herod. 
3, 41. 


ἀσάμενος (a), part. Aiolic for ἀσώμενος bao diiedeee) 
Alc. 7 (Athen. 10, 35). 

ἄσμενος, 866 ἁνδάνω. 

ἄσσω Or atta (ἀΐσσω), to rush impetuously, Soph. 
Aj. 32; Arist. Nub. 996: fut. ᾷξω, Eurip. Hee. 
1106 : aor. néa, Soph. Elect. 711. 

ἀτάομαι (atm), to be injured, afflicted, Poetié, 
Soph. Aj. 269 ; part. ἀτώμενος, Soph. Antig. 17. 

ἀτέω (ἄτῃ), to be _thoughtless, foolish, infatuated, 
desperate, Epic and Ionic, 1]. 20, 332 ; Herod. 7, 
223. 

ἀτιμάω (ἄτιμος), to dishonor, Poetic, Soph. Aj. 
1129: aor. ἠτίμησα, Il. 1, 11. 

ἀτίω (ἀ-, tia), to disregard, Theogn. 621; short «. 

ἀτύζω (ἄτη), to terrify, confound, Poetic, aor. infin. 
ἀτύξαι, Theoc. 1, 56: aor. pass. part. ἀτυχϑείς 
as middle, Il. 6, 468. --- Mid. ἀτύζομαι, to be 
struck with terror, Soph. Elec. 149; Pind. Pyth. 
1, 25. 

avaive (αὖος,) to dry, fut. αὐανῶ, Soph. Elec. 819 : 
aor. ηὔηνα, Herod. 4, 173: aor. pass. αὐάνθην 
or avavOny, avavOny, ἐπαφανάνθην, Herod. 4, 
151; Arist. Ran. 1089: fut) mid. avavovuan, 
Soph. Phil. 954. ) 

αὐδάω (avdy), to speak, fut. αὐδήσω, Soph. ‘Tyr. 
846: aor. ηὔδησα, Soph. Trach. 171: perf. 
ηὔδηκα, ἀπηύδηκα, Hippocr.: aor. pass. ηὐδήθην, 


100 avéa 


Soph. Trach. 1106. — Mid. avddouas as active, 
Soph. Phil. 852: fut. αὐδήσομαι, Pind. Olym. 2, 
166: aor. ηὐδαξάμην not Attic, Herod. 5, 51. 


This verb is etymologically connected with the Latin 
audio, its correlative. On the other hand, aiw, although 
etymologically connected with aio, means to hear. Com- 
pare ὠνέομαι, vendo, veneo; vai, vn, νη-, Latin ne, English 
nay. 

αὐξάνω or αὔξω (AYT'2), to increase, fut. αὐξήσω, 
Xen. Mem. 2, 7, 9: aor. yvénoa, Xen. Cyr. 8, 
5, 23: perf. ηὔξηκα, Plat. Tim. 71: perf. pass. 
nvénuat, Xen. Cyr. 8, 8, 18: aor. pass. ηὐξή- 
θην, Dem. 1403: fut. mid. αὐξήσομαι, reflexive, 
Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 12. 


The Latin augeo is evidently a prolongation of the origi- 
nal theme arr. See also ἀέξω. 


A TPL, see amtavede, ἐπαυρίσχομαι. 

αὔω, to shout, Il. 11, 461: fut, avow (Ὁ), Eurip. 
Ion, 1446: aor. ἠῦσα (Ὁ), imperat. ἀσον (v), 
Soph. Trach. 565; Theoc. 23, 44. The diph- 
thong αὖ is not resolved in the present and im- 
perfect. 

ave commonly évava, to kindle, Odys. 5, 49; Xen. 
Mem. 2, 2, 12: imperf. Evavor, Herod. 7, 331: 
aor. faids sali ἐναύσασθαι, Plat. Axioch. 20. 
ἀφάω and ἀφάσσω (ἅπτω), to handle, feel, 1]. 6, 
1399 ; Herod. 3, 69: fut. ἀφήσω, Hippocr. : aor. 
ἤφησα and ypaca, Schol. ad Soph. Col. 1375; 
Herod. 3, 69. — Mid. ἀφάομαι transitive, Odys. 
8, 215 : aor. ἠφησάμην, Anthol. 5, 222. 

ἀφεύω, see eva. 

ἀφέωνται, See ἀφίημι. 

ἀφιέω (ἀπό, ἱέω), the same as ἀφίημι, imperf. ἡφί- 
£0”, Thuc. 2, 49. 

ἀφίημι (ἀπό, ἴημι), to let go, dismiss, imperf. ἠφίην, 
Xen. Hel. 4, 6, 11: fut. ἀφήσω, aor. ἀφῆκα only 


ao 101 


in the indicative, Dem. 993; Epic ee Il. 
12, 221: pert. ἀφεῖκα, Xen. Anab. 2, 3, 13: 

perf. pass. ἀφεῖμαι, Soph. Antig. 1165: aor. pass. 
ἀφείϑην and ἀφέϑην, apePa, Xen. Hel. 5, 4, 
23; Mem. 4, 4, 4; Hom. Batr. 87: fut. pass. 
᾿ἀφεϑήσομαι; Xen. ‘Ven. 7, 11: 2 aor. ayy, 
apa, ἀφείην, ἄφες, ἀφεῖναι, ἀφείς, Thuc. 5, 81. 
Verbal apetéos, Pl. Phaedr. 92. — Mid. ἀφίεμαι, 
to let go, fut. ἀφήσομαι, ‘Eurip. Aul. 310: 2-aor. 
ἀφείμην, — ἀφέμενος, Soph. Tyr. 1521 ; 

Xen. Hier. 7 


The singular of the 2 aor: indic. ἀφῆν 1s not used. The 
plural of the 1 aor. ἀφῆκα, except 3 plur. ἀφῆκαν, is rarely 
found. See also Rem. § 72, ἵημι. --ἠφίξιν, imperf. for 
ἠφίην, or rather ἠφίουν from ἀφιέω, Plat. Euthyd, 51.— 
ἀφέω, -ἕῃς, τ-έῃ, 2 aor. subj. Epic for age, Il. 16, 590. — 
ἀφέωνται, perf. pass. 3 plur. for ἀφεῖνται, N. T. Matt. 9, 5. 


ἀφύω (v), and ἀφύσσω, to pour out as liquids, to 
draw, accumulate, Odys. 14, 95; 9, 9: fut. 
ἀφύξω, Il. 1, 171: aor. Hpvoa, Odys. 9, 165; 
2,379. Mid. aor. ἠφυσάμην as Pare Odys 
7,286; 9, 85. 

APL, see ἀπαφίσκω. 

ἀχεύων and ἀχέων (AX), part. being grieved, 
Epic, Il. 5, 869; 9, 612; 2, 694, — See also 
ἀκαχίζω. 

ἄχνυμαι and ἄχομαι (4Χ.22)). to grieve one’s self, 
sorrow, be sad, Il. 6, 524; “Odys. 19, 129: im- 
perf. ἀχνύμην, ll. 14, 38. — See also ἀκαχίζω. 

ἄχθομαι, to be indignant, displeased, fut. ἀχθέσομαι, 
Arist. Nub. 865: aor. ἠχθέσθην, Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 
3: fut. pass. ἀχθεσθήσομαι paayaent to ἀχθέσο. 
μαι, Xen. Cyr. 8, 4, 10. 

AXM, see ἀκαχίζω, ἀχέων. 

ἄω, to sale, satiate, satisfy, Epic, fate ἄσω, 1]. 11, 
818: aor. ie «ἄσω, Il. 18, 281; 9, 489 : 5, 


¢ 


102 — | 


289. — Mid. fut. ἄσομαι, Il. 24, 717; 3 pers. 

sing. ἄδται protracted from drat (ἄσεξαι; αξται); 

Hes. Scut. 101: aor. βαάμην (a), Il. 19, 307. — 
Compare AAER. 


'ἄμεναι; pres. infin. Epic, as if from ἡμι, like ἱστάμεναι 


᾿ from ἵστημι, as middle, 1]. 21, 70; showing that the root 
is ἀ-. 


The verbal adjective would be «toc, satiable; with ἀ- 
 privative, ἄατος, insatiable, Hes. Theog. 714; contracted 
ἄτος, 1]. 5, 388: 
a0, to blow, Odys. 5, 478: imperf. gov, Apol. 1, 
607. — See also ἄημι. β 


The derivatives αὐήρ, for ἀήρ, and αὔρα aS show that 
_ the original form was a Fo. 


᾿ἄωρτο, See ἄείρω. 
Pure," 

βάζω, to speak, utter, 1]. 9, 58: fut. βάξω, Asch. 
Agam. 498: perf. pass. BéBayua, Odys. 8, 408. 

βαίνω (Boa, βίβημι) to go, walk, fut. βήσομαι, 
Doric βασεύμαι, Xen. Cyr. 1, 5,13; Theoc. 2 
8: perf. βέβηκα, Xen. Anab. 3, 2, 19: Pion 
ἔβην, Ba, βαίην, βῆθι, βῆναι, Bde, Xen. Cyr. 
7,1, 3: 2 perf. βέβαα, BeBa, βεβαίην, βεβάναι, 
BeBacde, and βεβώς, Rem. ὃ 68: 2 pluperf. ἐβε- 
βάειν, Rem. ὃ 68: aor. mid. ἐβησάμην and ἐβη- 
σόμην as active Epic, Il. 2, 48; Odys. 13, 75. 
Verbal Batéos in composition, Xen. Anab. 2, 4, 
6; Arist. Lys. 884. — Pass. βαίνομαι chiefly ἱ in 
composition, Herod. 1, 192;. Xen. Eq. 1, 1: 
perf. βέβαμαι and βέβασμαι, Xen. Mag. Eq. ; 
4; Dem. 214; Thuc. 8, 98: aor. pass. ἐβάθην, 
Xen. Eq. 3, 4: Thue. 8, 67; 4, 30.. 


Sometimes βαίνω has a causative signification, to cause to 
go, in which case it has fut. βήσω, Eurip. Taur. 743: aor. 
᾿ἔβησα, Herod. 1, 46;-Pind. Olym. 6, 40. See also Odys. 
15, 475. — The usual Attic causative is βιβάζω. 


Bada 103 


βάτην (a), 2 aor. 3 dual, Epic for βήτην, I. 1, 327; 3 
plur. Bacar for ἔβησαν, 1]. 12, 469: subj. Epic Béw and 
βείω and βήω, for Bo, Herod. 7,50; H. 6, 113; 9, 501 ; 
I ρίαν, βείομεν (for βέωμεν, Boyer), 1]. 10,97; Doric βᾶμες 
for βῶμεν, Theoc. 15, 22: imperat. 2 sing. βᾶ only,in com- 
position, as καταβᾶ for κατάβηϑι, Arist. Ran. 35; 2 plur. 
Bare for βῆτε, in an iambic trimeter, Ausch, Sup. 191.— 
βήσεο, aor. mid. imperat. 2 sing. Epic, Il. 5, 109. See 
Rem. ὃ 54.— βέομαι or βείομαι, 2 aor. mid. subj. as 
future, Epic, for βῶμαι, shall live, 11.15, 194; 16, 852; 22, 
491, Others derive it from an obsolete verb BEN or BEIN, 
fut. βεσομαι, by dropping o, Béowor and βείομαι- : 

Hes. Theog. 750, καταβήσεταν 15. ἃ real future, on 
which Goettling remarks; “Sapienter poéta futuro nunc 
usus est: guando hec intus ttura est, illa. prorumpit. Non 
opus, est igitur. conjectura Guieti χαταδύεται. De futuro 
aorist vide Herm. de emend. rat: p. 197.” The same 
remark applies also to δυσόμενος, Odys. 1, 24, and Hes. Op. 
382 5 Ἶ ᾿ 


The original theme few occurs in the part. ἐκ ββῶντας, 
Thuc. 5, 77, in the Doric treaty; προβῶντες, Bekker’s 
Anecdot, 


The theme Baw is etymologically connected with the 
Latin vado, English wade. 


βάλλω (BAAR, BAAR, BAHMI), to throw, 
cast, hit, fut. βαλέω, βαλῶ, and βαλλήσω in Attic 
Poetry, Il. 8, 4035 Thuc. 2, 99; Arist. Vesp. 
222: perf. βέβληκα, Xen. Cyr. 4, 6, 4: perf. 
pass. βέβλημαι, Eurip. Taur. 49: aor. pass. ἐβλή- 
ϑην, Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, 28: 3 fut. βεβλήσομαι, Eu- 
rip. Orest. 271: 2 aor. ἔβαλον, Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, 
27; also Epic, ἔβλην, to meet, encounter, Odys. 
21,15; Il. 21, 578. Verbal βλητέος, Plat. Rep. 
3, 2; Phil. 147. ---- Mid. βάλλομαι transitively, 
to put, cast in one’s mind, Il. 9, 435: 2 aor. 
ἐβαλόμην, Herod. 1, 84; also Epic ἐβλήμην as 
passive, Il. 11, 675; but the compound ξυνεβλή- 
μήν ἰδ transitive, ἢ. 14,39; see also Rem. ὃ 72: 
fut. ξυμβλήσομαι with the meaning of ξυνεβλή- 
“μὴν, Il. 2, :335.. . 


βαλλέειν, ὑπερβαλλέειν, infin. Ionic for ὑπερβάλλειν, 


104 βαπτ 


Herod. 8, 23. — βαλλεόμενος, Seen ier vs part. 
Tonic for Appifiadacnsies.. Herod. 68. — βέβληαι, perf. 
pass. 2 sing. Epic for βεβλησαι, 1]. "5 284; 3 plur. βεβλή- 
αται for βέβληνται, Il. 11, 657. — Be Blijode or βὲ βλῃσϑε, 
διαβεβλῇσϑε, perf. pass. optat. 2 plur., Andoc. 88. — Ba- 
hoiny, διαβαλοίην, fut. opt. Plat. Epist. 7, p. 339 (Steph.). 


βάπτω (BA®Q), to dip, tinge, dye, aor. ἔβαψα, 
Soph. Aj. 95: perf. pass. βέβαμμαι, Arist. Pac. 
1176: aor. pass. ἐβάφϑην rare, Arist. frag. 366: 
2 aor. pass. ἐβάφην, Plat. Rep. 4, 7. — Mid. βά- 
πτομαῖι, fut. βάψομαι, Arist. Lys. 51: aor. ἐβα- 
-wopnv, Anthol. 9, 326. 
BAPE, the same as βαρύνω, fut. βαρήσω later, 
perf. pass. part. βεβαρημένος, Theoc. 17, 61: 
2 perf. part. BeBagnes Epic, equivalent to βε- 
Baonuévos, Odys. 3, 

βαρύϑω (v), to feel ΜῊ oppressed, Il. 16, 519. 

βαρύνω (βαρύς), to load, render heavy, distress, 
Xen. Cyr. 5, 5, 25: aor. pass. ἐβαρύνϑην, Aisch. 
Agam. 1463. — Mid. βαρύνομαι, to feel heavy, 
oppressed, Arist. Ach. 220. 
βάσκω (Bao), equivalent to Baiva, Il. 2,8: imperf. 

το ἔβασκον, Il. 11, 104: — Il. 2, 234, ἐπιβαῦχέ. 
μεν, infin. Epic, causative in sense. 

βαστάξω, to carry, support, fut. βαστάσω, ARsch. 
Prom. 1019: aor. ¢8dotaca, later ἐβάσταξα, 
Arist..Thesm. 439; Brunck’s Analect. 3, 182 
( 162): aor. pass. ἐβαστάχϑην later. 

Baw, see Baive. 

βδέω, to emit a nauseous smell, Arist. Plut. 693: 

aor. ἔβδεσα, Anthol. 1, 242. 

βεβρώϑω, see βιβρῶσκω. 

βέομαι, βείομαι, see βαίνω.. 

βιάξω (Bia), to force, press, compel, little used in 
the active, Odys. 12, 297: perf. pass. βεβίασμαι, 
Xen. Hel. 5, 2, 23: aor. pass. ἐβιάσϑην always 
passively, Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 10, — Pass. βιάζομαι, 


βιοῶ ὁ 10ὅ 


Xen. Conv. 2, 26: imperf. ἐβιαζόμην Il. 15, 727. 
Verbal βιαστέος, Eurip. Rhes. 584. — Mid. βιά- 
ἕομαι transitive, to force, press, compel, βιάσο- 
μαι, βεβίασμαι, ἐβιασάμην, Arist. Plut. 1092; 
Dem. 405; Thuc. 1, 75. 

BIA, another form ‘of βιάζω, Epic and Ionic, 
perf. βεβίηκα, 11. 10, 145. — Pass. βιάομαι, 
Herod. 1, 19: aor. pass. ἐβιήϑην, 7, 88. --- Mid. 
βιάομαι, ‘Herod. 3, 80: fut. βιήσομαι, Odys. 21, 
348 : perf. βεβίημαι, Apol. 3, 1249: aor. ἐβιησαῖ 
μην, ll. 11, 558. 

βιβάσϑων, part. _Epic for βιβάσχων, used in the 
formula μακρὰ βιβάσϑων, Il. 13,809. 

βιβάσκω (βάσκω), equivalent to βάσκω, Hom. Hym. 

βιβάω ({Bcéea), equivalent to Baive, Epic, Hom. Hym. 
2, 225; part. βιβῶν, Pind. Olym. 14, 24. 

βίβημι (βιβάω), equivalent to βαΐνω, only in the 
part. βιβάς, 11, 7, 217. The 2 aor. ἔβην regu- 
larly dala from. this form, like ἔστην from 
tor 

θυ (BOPQ, BPO), to eat, rare in the 
present: fut. βρώσομαι later: aor. part. xata- 
βρώξασαι, Apol. 2, 271: perf. βέβρωκα, Xen. 
Hier. 1, 24: perf. pass. βέβρωμαι, A’sch. Agam. 
1097: aor. pass. ἐβρώϑην, Herod. 3, 16: 3 fut. 
βεβρώσομαι, Odys. 2, 203: 2 perf. part. βεβρώς, 
-atos, Poetic, Soph. Antig. 1022: 2 δοι. ἔβρων 
Epic, Hom. Hym. 1, 127. 


βεβρώϑοις, devour, Il. 4, 35, implies a new present 
βεβρωϑω. 


The Latin voro, voraz, devoro, English de-vour, are con- 
nected with the theme BOPL. 


βιόω, to live, Eurip. Archil. frag. 10: fut. βιώσω 
rare, commonly βιώσομαι, Xen. Mem. 1, 7, 2: 
aor. ἐβίωσο, rare, Xen. Cicon. 4, 18: perf. βε- 


106 βιωσ 


βίωκα, Xen. Mem. 4, 8, 6: perf. pass. 3 sing. 
- βεβίωται, life has been spent, Xen. Apol. 5: 2 aor. 
ἐβίων, Bia, βιῴην, βίωϑι, βιῶναι, βιούς only in 
the nom. masc. sing. Thuc. 5, 26. Verbal βιω- 
téos, Plat. Gorg. 104.— Mid. βιόομαι; to support 
one’s self, get one’s living, Herod. 2, 177. 
βϑώσομαι, fut. for βιώσομαι, Apol. 1, 685. — Hom. Hym. 
1, 528, βιόμεσϑα, 1 plur. implying: βίομαι. Wolf writes 
βεόμεσϑα from βέομαι, which see. 
Etymologically connected with the Latin vivo, vita. 
βιώσκομαι (βιόω), ἀναβιώσκομαι, transitive, to re- 
store to life, animate, vivify, Plat. Crito, 9: aor. 
ἐβιωσάμην, ἀνεβιωσάμην, Odys. 8, 468; Plat. 
Phedo, 87. 


It is used also intransitively, to revive, be brought to life 
again, Plat. Phedo, 46; in which acceptation it has 2 aor. 
ἀνεβίων, Plat. Rep. 10, 12. , 


βλάπτω (BAABN), to hurt, injure, fut. βλάψω, 

~ Thuc. 2, 41: aor. ἔβλαψα, Eurip, Med. 294: 
perf. βέβλαφα, Dem. 398: perf. pass. βέβλαμμαι, 
Xen. Cyr. 5, 8, 30: aor. pass. ἐβλάφϑην, Thuc. 

4, 73: 3 fut. βεβλάψομαι, Hippocr.: 2 aor. pass. 
ἐβλάβην, Xen. Hel. 6, 5, 48: fut. mid. βλάψο- 
μαι as passive, Thuc. 1, 81. 


The form βλάβομαι directly formed from the theme 
BAABN is found, 1]. 19, 82. 


βλαστάνω (BAAZTQ), rarely βλαστέω, Bion, 6, 
17; Soph. frag. 239: fut. βλαστήσω, Herod. 3, 
62: aor. ἐβλάστησα not Attic, Apol. 3, 920; 1, 
1131: perf. βεβλάστηκα and ἐβλάστηκα, ‘Thuc. 
3, 36; Eurip. Aul. 595: 2 aor. ἔβλαστον, Arist. 
Av. 696; Pind. Nem. 8, 12. 

BAAS, see βάλλ. 

βληχάομαι, to bleat, Arist. Plut. 293; Theoc. 16, 
92: aor. ἐβληχησάμην, Anthol. 7, 657. 

βλίττω, to take the honey from the combs, Arist. 
Eq. 794: aor. ἔβλισα, Arist. Av. 498. 


Bova 107 


This verb may be derived from μέλι, honey, after the 
analogy of βλώσκω from M042, and βλάξ from wolaxdg. 


βλύζω, later Epic βλύω, to bubble up, Il. 9, 492 ; 
Apol. 3, 223 ;. 4, 1238. 

βλώσχκω (MO.A2), to go, come, Odys. 16, 466: 
fut. μολοῦμαι, Soph. Col. 1742: perf. uéuBdooner, 
Eurip. Rhes. 629: 2 aor. ἔμολον, Soph. Elect. 
506. 


The perfect μέμβλωκα is formed by metathesis and epenthe- 
sis from MO4N* thus MOAN, μεμολ-κα, μεμλ-ωκα, μέμβλωκα 
after the analogy of verbs in -όω. For the insertion of β, 
compare μέμβλεται, μέμβλεσϑε, μέμβλετο, from μέλω " also 
βλίσσω, βλάξ, from μέλι, μαλακός. The present βλώσκω was 
probably suggested by the perfect. i 

Bodo (BOM), to call aloud, fut. βοήσω Doric Bod- 
ow, Ausch. Pers. 637 ; commonly βοήσομαι, Thuc. 
7, 48: aor. ἐβόησα, Xen. Cyr..7, 1, 48: perf. 
pass. βεβόημαι, Plat. Epist. 2, 312, 9. 

The Epic and Ionic writers have fut. βώσομαι, Odys. 1, 
378: aor. ἔβωσα, 1]. 12, 337: perf. pass. βέβωμαι, Herod. 3, 
39: aor. pass, ἐβώσϑην, Herod, 6, 191 : formed by con- 


traction. 
It is an onomatopy, connected, or rather the same, with 


the Latin boo. 

βόλεσϑε, see βούλομαι. ; 

BOAELR (θάλλω, βόλος), equivalent to βάλλω, 
we pes βεβόλημαι, pluperf. pass. ἐβεβολήμην, 
I 8. 

ΒΟΡΏ, see βιβώσκω: 

βόσκω (BOQ), to feed, pasture, fut. βοσκήσω, 
Arist. Eccl. ὅ99. --- Mid. βόσκομαι, to feed one’s 
self, eat, Sraaes Herod. 9, 93: fut. βοσχήσομαι, 
bt , 103. Verbal Booxntéos, Arist. Av. 

9 


It seems to be ednnected with 7740; to feed, whence 
πατέομαι, πάσασϑαν᾽ also with the Latin pasco, pabultte, 
vescor. From BOS comes the adjective βοτός, βοτόν. 


βούλομαι (BOAR), to will, wish, 2 sing. always 


108 Bow 


βούλει, imperf. ἐβουλόμην and ἠβουλόμην, Xen. 
Cyr. 6,1,5: Hel. 1, 1, 29: fut. βουλήσομαι, 
Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 25: perf. βεβούλημαι, Dem. 226 : 
aor. pass. ἐβουλήϑην and ἡβουλήϑην, Thuc. 1, 
34; Xen. Hel. 4, 4, 8: 2 perf. προβέβουλα as 
present, Epic, to prefer, Il. 1,113.5 ΄ 

βόλεσϑε, pres. 2 plur. for βούλεσθε, Odys. 16, 387. 

oe with the Latin volo, English will, German 
wotten. : 


BON, see Boda. | 

BPAXN, to resound, ring, 2 aor. ἔβραχε, 1]. 4, 
420; 12, 396. 

βρέμω, to roar, Il. 4, 425: imperf. ἔβρεμον. ---- Mid. 
βρέμομαι as active, I]. 2, 210; AXsch. Sup. 350; 

- Pind. Nem. 1], 7. : 

βρενϑύομαι (Ὁ); to walk consequentially, Arist. Nub. 

2 


Boéyo, to wet, aor. ἔβρεξα, Xen. Anab. 4, 3, 12: 
perf. pass. βέβρεγμαι, Pind. Olym. 6, 92: aor. 
pass. ἐβρέχϑην, Xen. Anab. 1, 4, 17: 2 aor. pass. 
ἐβράχην rare, Anacr. 3, 26: fut. mid. βρέξομαι, 
καταβρέξομαι, as passive, Hippocr. , 

βρίϑω (1), to be heavy, fut. βρίσω, Hom. Hym. 5, 
456: aor. ἔβρισα, Il. 12, 346: 2 perf. βέβριϑα 

as present, Eurip. Elec. 505. 


Sometimes it is transitive, to weigh down, Pind. Nem. 8, 
31; Aisch. Pers. 346: Pass, βρέίϑομαι, 1]. 8, 307. 


BPOXN, to swallow up, gulp, aor. ἔβροξα, ἀνέ- 

. Booka; κατέβροξα, Anthol. 9,1; Odys. 4, 222; 
12, 240: 2 aor. pass. part.-avaSeoyév, Odys. 11, 
586. 4 


The noun βρόχϑος, gullet, swallow, seems to be connected 
with this theme : also βρόχος, noose, slip-knot, that is, for the 
neck, 


BPO, see βιβρώσκω. 
βρνυάζω, to teem, exult, revel, shout, Athen. 11, 13 ; 


ΜΟΎ eee ΗΝ Tee oe a ge eer ty A ey ἜΣ Le ee 


γαβε 109 


Esch. Sup. 878: fut. βρυάσομαι, i in Hesychius : 
aor. ἐβρύαξα, Arist. Eq. 602. . 

βρύκω and Bevya, to gnash the teeth, bite, devour, 
Arist. Av. 26; Soph. Phil. 745: aor. ἔβρυξα, 
Brunck’s Analect. l, 245 : aor. pass. βρυχθείς (2), 
Anthol. 9, 267. 

For ἔβρυξὰ, Brunck’s Analect. 1, 245, the Anthologia has 
ἔβρωξα from βιβρώσκω, 7, 506. ! 

Bovydoua (BPYXM), to roar, perf. βέβρῦχα as. 
present, Soph. Trach. 1072: aor. ἐβρυχησάμην, 
Plat. Pheedo, 154: 2 aor. pass. βρυχυϑείς, τον 
Tyr. 1265. 


It is an onomatopy, connected with the Latin rugio. 


Bevya, to gnash the teeth, see βρύκω." 

Bove (wv), to shoot or sprout up, teem, abound in, Il.. 
17; ὅδ᾽: Soph. Col. 16. 

βυνέω and βυέω (BY), to stop up, fill, caulk, Arist. 
Pac. 645; Herod. 4, 71: fut. βύσω (0), Arist.. 
Vesp. 250: aor. ἔβυσα, Arist. Vesp. 128: perf. 
pass. βέβυσμαι, Arist. Ach. 463. — Pass. also 
βύνομαι, Herod. 2, 96. Miva 

βωϑέω contracted from βοηϑέω, Tonic, regular.. 


SER A 


γαίων, rejoicing, Epic, Il. 1, 405. 

γαμέω (LAMM), to marry, said of the man, fut.. 
(γαμέσω), γαμέω, youd, 1]. 9, 388 ; Soph. Απίρ.. 
750 ; later γαμήσω, Anthol. 11, 306: aor. EYN MGs, 
later ἑγάμησα, Xen. Cyr. ὅ, 2, 8; Anthol. 11, 
79: perf. ,“γεγάμηκα, Xen. Cyr. 1; 2, 4: perf. 
pass. γεγάμημαι, Xen. Anab. 4, 5, 24: aor. pass.. 
ἐγαμήϑην later, Athen. 13, 37; part. fem. γαμε- 
ϑεῖσα, Theoc. 8, 91. — Mid. γαμέομαι, to marry,, 
Latin nubo, - said of the woman, fut. γαμοῦμαι,, 
Arist. Thesm. 200 aor. ἐγημάμην, Odys. 2, 128 ;; 


110 YOY O 


Herod. 4,117. But fut. γαμέσσομαι Epic, to pro- 
vide a wife for, Il. 9, 394. 

γανάω (γαίω, γάνος), to be bright, Epic, part. 
γανόωντες, γανόωσαι, protracted from. yavertes, 
γανώσαι, 1]. 13,265; 19,359. 

PANOLR (γαίων, Αὐϑοι., to delight, perf. mid. 
᾿ γεγάνωμαι, Plat. Rep. 3, 18: aor. pass. ἐγανώ- 
Syy as middle, Arist. Ach. 7. 

γάνυμαι (vaio, γάνο9); to rejoice, be delighted, Il. 
13, 493: fut. γανύδομαι (oo), Il. 14, 504: perf. 
yeyavouat, Anacr, 8, 3.- 

TAQ, see γίγνομαι. 

TAOTHEL, see δουπέω. 

γεγάκειν, see γίγνομαι. 

γεγάομαι, 866 γίγνομαι. 

γεγωνίσκω and γεγωνέω and γεγώνω (PQNQ), to 
shout aloud, call, proclaim, Thuc, 7, 76; Ausch. 

_ Prom. 627; Pind. Pyth. 9, 3; Il. 12, 887; Xen. 
Ven. 6, 24: imperf. ἐξ άθμον and ἐνέγωνον as 

_ aorist, Odys. 17,161; 1], 23, 425; 14, 469: fut. 
γεγωνήσω, Eurip. Ion, 696: aor. ἐγεγώνησα, 
Asch. Prom. 990: 2 perl. γέγωνα as present, 
γεγώνω, γέγωνε, γεγωνέμεν, γεγωνώς, Soph. Col. 
213; Adsch. Prom. 193; Il. 8, 223. 227. Verbal 
γεγωνητέος, Pind. Olym. 9, 10. ) 

It is clear that γεγωνίσκω, γεγωνέω, and γεγώνω, are new 
presents formed from the 2 perf, γέγωνα from the theme mn- 
Win. 

-7είνομαι (TEN), to be born, I]. 23, 79 : impert. 
ἐγεινόμην, 1]. 22, 477: aor. ἐγεινάμην transitive, 
to beget, give birth to, Soph. Elec. 261 ; Xen. 


Mem. 1, 4, 7. 


The present and imperfect are used by the Epic Poets 
only. — Odys. 20, 202, the pres. 2 sing. γεέγνεαι is transitive, 
to beget. 


γελάω, to laugh, fut. γέλϑυολιαί (a), later γελάσω, 


yNnon 111 


Arist. Pac. 600; Anthol. 5, 179: aor. ἐγέλᾶσα 
(60), Doric ἐγέλαξα, Xen. Cyr. 2, 2,6; Il. 15, 
101; Theoc. 20, 1: aor. pass. ἐγελάσϑην, Xen. 
Mem. 3, 7, 7. | ἘῺΝ 

γελόω, Epic protracted from γελῶ, Odys. 21, 105; part. 
γελόωντες and γελώοντες, Odys. 18, 40, 111. — γελώω ν, 
imperf. 3 plur, Epic protracted from ἐγέλων, Odys. 20, 347; 
written also γελοίων from γελοιάω. 

It seems to be connected with the English glee, glad, 
laugh. For the omission of a palatal (x, y, χν h) before J, 
compare κλένω, lean; χλαῖνα, Latin lena; γλίχομαι, to like 
(2) ; βλέπω (Romaic γλέπω), look (1). 

γελοιάω, another form of yveAda, Epic, part. γελοί- 
evtes (for the regular γελοιώντες), Odys. 20, 
390: imperf. γελοίων, Odys, 20, 347: aor. part. 
γελοιήσασα, Hom. Hym. 3, 49. | 

γέμω, to be full, imperf. ἔγεμον " the rest is want- 
ing. 

jie, see atoé@, and γίγνομαι. 

TEN, see yeivount, γίγνομαι. 

γεύω, to cause to taste, Plat. Leg. 1, 7: fut. γεύσω, 
Athen. 9, 68: aor. ἔγευσα, Herod. 7, 46. Ver- 
bal vevotéos, Plat. Rep. 7, 16. — Mid. yvevouae, 
to taste, γεύσομαι, γέγευμαι, .éyevoduny, Plat. 
Rep. 9, 13; Eurip. Hip. 663; Xen. Anab. 3, 1, 
as es oy ae 
Pl il pres. (perf. 1) 1 plur. for γευόμεϑα, Theoc. 14, 
51. 

Etymologically connected with the Latin gusto. ᾧ; 

γηϑέω (HOM), to rejoice, 1].. 14,140: fut. γη- 
ϑήσω, Il. 8, 378: aor. ἐγήϑησα, Il. 4,255: 2 perf. 
γέγηϑα, Doric γέγαϑα, as present, Soph. Phil. 
1021; Pind. Nem. 3, 56. ' 


It connected with ‘442 (the theme of dvdavw), γαΐων, 
yavoos, Latin gaudeo, gaudium, English gay. See Rem. 
§ 1. 


ynodoxa and γηράω, to grow old, Xen. CXcon. 1, 


112 | ynov 


22; Theoc. 23, 29: fut. γηράσω (ἃ), Plat. Rep. 
3, δ; also γηράσομοι, Arist. Eq. 1308: aor. ἐγή- 
pion, Xen. Mem. 3, 12,8: pert. γεγήρᾶκα, Soph. 
Col. 727: 2 aor. ἐγήρᾶν, ynoavat, γηράς, ἢ 17, 
197; see also Rem. ὃ 72.— Mid. γηράσκεται as 
active, Hes. frag. 106.. 
Asch. Sup. 894, ἐγήρασαν seems to be causative, main- 
tained even to old age. 
γηρύω (¥), to speak out, Poetic, Pind. Olym. 1, 5; 
later γηρύω (Ὁ), Anthol. 7, 201: aor. ἐγήρῦσα, 
Arist. Pac. 805: aor. pass. ἐγηρύϑην (Ὁ) as ac- 
tive, Ausch. Sup. 460. — Mid. γηρύομαι as ac- 
tive, Atsch. Prom. 78: fut. γηρύσομαι, Eurip. 
Hip. 214: aor. ἐγηρυσάμην, Eurip. Elec. 1327. 
«Hes. Op. 258, and Hom. wt 2, Bets γηρύομαν has 
short v. 
γίγνομαι (ENR, TAQ), eo γίνομαι (i), to be 
produced, be born, to be, to become, fut. γενήσο- 
wot, Ausch. Prom. 1003: aor. pass. ἐγενήϑην not 
_ Attic, Anthol. Epigr. 247 : perf. γεγένημαι, Xen. 
Hel. 2, 3, 28; Pind. Olym. 6, 98: 2 aor. ἐγενό- 
μήν, Xen. Anab. ἘΠῚ, ἜΣ Ὁ pert. γέγονα, Poetic 
also γέγαα, Arist. Plat. 346. —See also Rem. 
§ 68. 
ἐντο οἵ ἔγεντο, 2 aor. mid. syncopated for ἐγένετο, Pind. 
Pyth. 3, 154; Hes. Theog. 199; not to be confounded with 
γέντο from αἱἵρέω. — γεγἄκειν (a), infin, equivalent to ysyo- 
γέναι, from a new present ysyaxw, Doric, Pind. Olym. 6, 
83.— γεγάασϑ ε, pres. mid, protracted from γεγᾶσϑε ἰνῶν. 
εσϑε), implying a new present from γέγαα, Hom. Epigr. 16, 


3; written also ΠΕ (aa); 8 plur. γεγάονταν as future, 


Hom. Hym. 3, 198 
Observe that in ged both the voices of this verb are in 


use, gigno, gignor. 

γιγνώσκω and γινώσχω (I"NO2), to know, fut. γνώ- 
couat, Thuc. 1, 77: perf. ἔγνωκα, Xen. Cyr. 8, 
8, 26: perf. pass. éyv@opar, Xen. Cyr. 8, 8, 3: 


yout He 


aor. pass. ἐγνώσϑην, Xen. Hel. 4, 4, 3.2 aor. 
ἔγνων, γνῶ, γνοίην, γνῶϑι, γνῶναι, γνούς, Thuc. 
8,1: 2. aor. mid. opt. 3 sing. γνοῖτο, συγγνοῖτο, 
as active, Aisch. Sup. 216, the only instance. 
Verbal γνωστέος, Plat. Rep. 3, 8. 


The compound ἀναγιγνώσχω, to persuade, induce, has also 
aor. avéyywoa, Herod. 1, 68. 

ἔγνων, 2 aor. 3 plur, Epic for ἔγνον, ἔγνωσαν, Pind. Pyth. 
9, 137: subj. Epic protracted γνώω, γνώομεν, γνώωσι, 
for the common γνῶ, γνῶμεν, γνῶσι, Theoe. 25, 177; Odys.. 
16, 304; Il. 1, 302: opt. γνοῖμεν, γνοῖεν, syncopated: for 
γνοίημεν, yroinsay, Soph. Antig. 926; Il. 18, 125.— Dem. 
303, ἔγνωσμαι is equivalent to the perf. act, ἔγνωκα. 

The theme 10.2 is etymologically connected with the 
Latin co-gnosco, nosco, English know, ken, German kennen, 


See also Rem. § 5. 2: 


γλίχομαι, to desire, used in the present and imper- 
fect only. 

γλύφω, to grave, aor. ἔγλυψα, Herod. 2, 4: perf. 
pass. γέγλυμμαι and ἔγλυμμαι, Herod. 2, 106; 
Plat. Conv. 40: 2 aor. pass. ἐγλύφην, Anthol. 
Epigr. 66 : aor. mid. ἐγλυψάμην 8 as active, Theoc. 
Epigr.. 7, 4. 

Etymologically connected with γλάφω, Latin sculpo, scalpo, 

English scalp. It may possibly be connected with κόλπος, 


κοῖλος, English gulf, hollow; also with — (2), the ὁ being 
omitted. 


PN O22,. see γιγνώσκω: 

yoda (TOR), to bewail, mourn, Il. 24, 665: impért 
évooy, Il. 6, 500: fut: γοήσομάι, Il. 21, 124. ----- 
Mid. γοάομαι as active, Eurip. Troad. 289: im- 
perf. ἐγοαόμην, Soph. Tyr. 1249. — The Attic 
writers do not use the-active, | 


γοήμεναι, inf. pic, as if from TOHMI, Il. 14,. 502. — 
γοάασκεν and γόασκεν, imperf, iterative, &pie, Odys. 8, 
92; Hom. Hym..3, 217. 


γρύζω (yev), to aires — Arist Ran. 913: fut. 


114 yave 


γρύξω and γρύξομαι, Athen. 9, 54: aor. ἔγρυξα, 
_ Arist. Plut. 598. : 
PRN, see γεγωνίσκω. 


A. 


δαΐζω, to rend, Il. 7, 247: fut. δαΐξω, Ausch. Agam. 
207: aor. ἐδάϊξα, Il. 21, 147: perf. pass. de- 
δάϊγμαι, Il. 17, 535; also δέδαιγμαι trisyllabic, - 
Pind. Pyth. 8, 125: aor. pass. ἐδαΐχϑην, Pind. 
 Pyth. 6, 33. 
᾿δαίνῦμι or δαινύω (4AIL), to entertain, treat, 
feast, Il. 23, 29; Call. Cer. 84: fut. δαίσω, Asch. 
Eum. 305: aor. ἔδαισα, Herod. 1, 162: aor. pass. 
ἐδαίσϑην, Eurip. Heracl. 914. - Mid. daivupat 
and δαινύομαι, to feast (intransitive), eat, fut. 
᾿ δαίσομαι, Odys. 18, 48: aor. ἐδαισάμην, Soph. 
Elec. 543 ; Il. 23,207. 


δαίνῦ, imperat. 2 sing. for δαίνυϑι, Il. 9, 70. ---δαινῦτο 
or daiviro, pres. opt. mid. 3 sing., Il. 24, 665 ; 3 plur. 
δαινύατο (Ὁ), Ionic as to form, for δαινῦντο, Odys. 18, 248 ; 
compare πήγνῦτο from πήγνυμι. The analogical form would 
be dauv-iro or δαίνυ-ιτο, like tora-izo or δύνα-ιτο" but the 
characteristic » is never found in the optative of verbs in -ὑμι 
or -yur. See divw, pio, pio, and Avo. 
δαίομαι (4A), to divide, allot, Pind. Pyth. 3, 146; 
Odys. 15, 140: fut. δάσομαι (a), Il. 22, 864: 
perf. δέδασμαι and δαίδαιμαι passively, Il. 1, 125; 
Odys. 1, 23: aor. édacduny (oo), Pind. Pyth. 4, 
263% Olym. 7, 138; Xen. Cicon. 7, 24. 
δασάσκετο, aor. iterative, I. 9, 333. an Odys. 9, 551, 
δαιομένων is passive in sense. 
Saige, another form of δέρω, 4 sade Nub. 442. 
AAI, to entertain, see δαίνυμι. 
daia (4482), to burn, Il. 9, 211: perf. pass. dédav- 
μαι, Call. Epigr. 52 ; Simonid. 135: 2 perf. δέδηα 
as present intransitive, to burn, blaze, Latin ar- 


δαμν 115 


deo, Il. 13, 736. — Mid. δαίομαι, to burn, be on 
fire, intransitively, I. 8, 75: 2 aor. (ἐδαόμην), 
subj. δάηται, Il. 20, 316. 


Il. 4, 5. 7, date is transitive andy agrees with ᾿᾿4ϑήνη" 
‘compare Il. 18, 206. 227, ἐκ δ᾽ αὐτοῦ dats φλόγα παμφανό- 
woay" τὸ (SC. ste) δὲ date Fed γλαυκῶπις ᾿4ϑήνη. 

We may suppose that the original theme was J4F 22, 
hence δέδαυμαι, δαυλός, and the adjective daFuvos (Priscian. 
p. 546). 

δακνάζομαι a pied to be distressed, Poetic, Aésch. 
Pers. 571. 

ddxve (AAR, AHK®), to bite, fut. δήξομαι, 
Eurip. Bac. 351: perf. pass. δέδηγμαι, Arist. Ach. 
1: aor. pass. ἐδήχϑην, Arist. Ach. 18: 2 aor. 
édaxov, Aisch. Prom. 1009. 


δέδακε, 2 aor. with the Epic reduplication, Anthol. 12, 
15. The verse εἰ Τραφικοῦ πυγὴν σανὶς δέδακ' ἐν βαλανείῳ is 
as its corrupt author left it ; the verse, as such, does not seem 
to be corrupt. The reader would do well to remember that 
Straton was not Simonides. 


δαμαλίζω antes to subdue, tame, Pind. Pyth. 
5, 162. 

δάμδὼ (JAM, AMAQ), Poetic for the regular 
δαμάζω, to subdue, tame, Il. 1, 61: fut. (δαμάσω, 
dauo) protracted Sauda, δαμόωσι, ἢ, 6, 368 ; 
22, 271: perf. pass. dédunuat, Il. 5, 878: aor. 
pass. ἐδμήϑην, Il. 4, 79: 3 fut. pass. δεδμήσομαι, 
Hom. Hym. 1, 543: 2 aor. pass. ἐδάμην, Soph. 
Elec. 844. 


δάμεν, 2 aor, pass, 3 tke. Epic for ἐδάμησαν, 1]. 8, 844: 
subj. δαμείω, δαμείετε, Odys, 18, 54; 1]. 7, 72: 3 sing. 
daurn, for δαμῇ, 1]. 22, 246: infin. δαμήμεναι, Il. 10, 409. 

The theme 74m2 is evidently connected with the Latin 
verb domo, English tame. - 


δαμνάω, for δαμάω, Odys. 11,221: imperf. ἐδά- 


μναον, Il. 5, 391. — Mid. δαμνάομαι transitive, 
Il. 14, 199. 


116 δαμν 


δάμνασκε, imperf. iterative, Hom. Hym. 3,252. It may 
be referred also to δάμγνημι- 


δάμνημι, from δαμνάω; Il. 5, 893. tk Mid, δάμναμαι 
transitive, Odys..14, 488. 

δαρϑάνω (AAP 622), usually καταδαρϑάνω, to 
sleep, Plat. Phedo, 43: perl. δεδάρϑηκα, Plat. 
Cony. 42: 2 aor. ἔδαρϑον, Epic ἔδραϑον, Odys. 
20, 143; 8, 296; Xen. Hel. 7, 2, 23: 2 aor. 
pass. ᾿ἐδάρϑην and ἐδράϑην as active, Apol. 2, 
1291; Odys. <a teamed 

daxtouas (δαίομαι, δατήρ), to divide, Herod. 1, 
216; Pind. Olym. 7, 102: aor. infin. datiacbas, 
Hes. Op. 765. 

AAS, to divide, see δαίομαι. 

AAS, to burn, see daia. 

4.4.2. to teach, cause to learn, Epic, 2-aor. ἔδαον, 
δέδαον, Theoc. 24, 127; Odys. 6, 233: perf. 
δεδάηκα as middle, to have learned, know, 
Odys. 2, 61; Herod. 2, 165: 2 perf. δέδοια, to 
have taught; also as middle, to have learned, 
Hom. Hym. 2, 510; Odys. 17, 519: 2: aor. 
ἐδάην as middle, to learn, Adsch. Ag. 123 ; Pind. 
Olym. 7, 166.— Mid. ZAOIMLAT, “to teach one’s 
self, simply to learn, fut. δαήσομαι, Odys. 3, 187: 
perf. ἔθαψαν Theoce. 8, 4. — See also δεδάο- 
μαι. 

δαείω, 2. aor. pass. subj. Epic for δαὼ (δαέωῚ, Ll. 10, 425: 
inf, δαήμεναι, Hl. 6, 150. 

déato or δόατο (AE AM, 40.4.2), he appeared, a 
defective imperf. mid. (like ἵστατο from ἵσταμαι), 

Epic, Odys. 6, 242: aor. δοάσσατο, Il. 13, 458; 
subj. δοάσσεται, 1]. 23, 339. 

‘‘ Whenever Homer describes any one as having been in 
doubt, and after consideration making up his mind what 


course to pursue, he uses this verse, ὧδε δέ of φρονέοντι 
δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι." Buttmann. 


Ogle 11... 


δεδάομαι (4.41.2, δέδα αν), to learn, find out, infin. 
δεδάασθαι protracted from δεδᾶσθαε (δεδάεσθαι), 
Odys. 16, 316. 
δεδίσκομαι (δίω), to frighten, Arist. Lys. 564. 
δεδίσκομαι (δείκνυμι), to welcome, greet, Odys. 15, 
150. 
δεδίττομαι (dia), to frighten, Plat. Pheedr. 50. 
δεδοίκω, see δείδω. ᾿ 
δεδοκημένος (δείκνυμι, or dé dive), on the look out, 
watching, a defective perf. mid.. pars Epic, I. 
15, 730. : 
δεῖ, it is necessary, see δέω, to want. 
δειδίσκομαι (δείκνυμι), another form of δεδίσκομαι; 
to welcome, greet, Odys. 3, 41. 
Apol. 1, 558, δειδίσκομαι is equivalent to δεικανάω. ~ 
δειδίσσομαι (dio), to frighten, Epic, Il. 4, 184: fut. 
δειδίξομαι, Il. 20, 201: aor. ἐδειδιξάμην, 1]. 18, 
164. 
I]. 2, 190, δειδίσσεσθϑαι is intransitive, to fear. 


δείδω (4142, AEQ), to fear, Epic in the present 


and future, Il. 11, 470: fut. δείσομαι, Il. 15, 299: 
aor. ἔδεισα, Epic ἔδδεισα, Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 22; 
I]. 1, 33: perf. δέδοικα, Epic δείδοικα, -as pres- 
ent, Soph. Aj. 278; Il. 1, 5555 12, 244. — See | 
also dia. : 


περίδδεισα, aor. Epic for περιέδεισα, 1], 11, 508: part. 
ὑποδδείσας for ὑποδείσας, 1]. 18,-199. τ δυδεϊχὼ, a new 
present from δέδοικα, Theoc. 15, 58. — -δέδοιγμεν, perf. 
1 plur. for δεδοέκαμεν, Etymol. Magn. 

The form JEN gives δέος, after the analogy of EIN 
(ΕΠ.Ω), ἔπος" MEIPSL (MEPS), μέρος. 

The original theme was FAEI2 or FAL. We may 
therefore suppose that περίδδεισα, ὑποδδείσας, ϑεουδής, were 
originally. περιξδειῖσα, ὑποξ δεισας, ϑεοξδης.. 


δειελιῆσαι (dein, δείελος), to take an afternoon's 
luncheon, found only in the aor. part. aes sate 
‘Odys. 17, 599. . 


118 δεικ 


δεικανάω (δείκνυμι), to stretch out the hand, hold 
out something in the hand, show, Theoc. 24, 56. 
— Mid. δεικανάομαι, to welcome, greet, imperf. 
3 plur. δεικανόωντο, protracted from δεικανῶντο 
(δεικανάοντο), Il. 15, 86. 
δείκνυμι and δεικνύω (4EIRQ), to show, point 
out, Hes. Op. 449: fut. δείξω, Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 
53: aor. ἔδειξα, Thuc. 1, 74: perf. δέδειψαὶ 
Athen. 2, 55: perf. pass. δέδειγμαι, Xen. Cyr. 
2, 3,9: aor. pass. édeiyPnv, Eurip. Sup. 1209. 
Verbal decxtéos, Xen. Mem. 3, 5, 8.— The Io- 
- mians say déka, ἔδεϑα, δέδεγμαι, ἐδέχϑην, Herod. 
. 8,122; 5, 22; 9,27; 6,104. 
The mid. δεέκνυμαι, in the Epic language, means also to 
welcome, greet, drink to, Il. 9,196; Hom. Hym. 1, 11. See 


also δεικανάομαι- 
δείδεγμαι, perf. mid. Epic for δέδεψρω 3 plur. ὃ ειὃ ἐ- 
ἢ χαται, Odys. 7, 72. -- δείδεκτο, pluperf. 3 sing. as aorist, 
Il. 9, 224; 8 plur. δειδέχατο as imperfect, Il. 4, 4: all in 
the sense to welcome, greet, or drink to. They are often 
referred to the kindred δέχομαι. 


δειπνέω, to sup, regular.— For the syncopated 

perfect δεδείπναμεν, δεδειπνάναι, see Rem. 
68. 

Pa Tonic for δέρω, Herod. 2, 39; 4, 64. 

AEIS2, see δείδω. 

δέχομαι, Ionic for δέχομαι, Herod. 7, 177. 

δέμω (AME), to build, Hom. Hym. 2,87; Odys. 
23, 192: aor. ἔδειμα, Herod. 1, £79. I. 7, 337; 
perf, pass. δέδμημαι, Herod. 7, 200: aor. mid. 
ἐδειμάμην, to build for one’s self, Herod. 4, 78. 

δέρχομαι, to look sharply, see, catch a view of, aor. 
ἐδέρχϑην, Asch. Prom. 53: 2 aor. ἔδρᾶκον, Eu- 
rip. Orest. 1456 ; later ἔδρακα, Orph. Argon. 133: 
2 aor. pass. ἐδῥώχην, Ριηά. Ain 2, 38: 2 perf. 
dédegxa as present, Soph. Aj. 1 


Pind. Olym. 1, 152; Nem. 3, 148; 9, 98, δέδορκα is in- 
transitive, to be conspicuous, shine. 


δεῶ 119. 


δέρω, to flay; scourge, fut. dega, Arist. Eq. 370: 
aor. ἔδειρα, 1]. Ι, 459; Herod. 4, 60; Arist. Lys. 


740. 953. 

δεύομαι, Epic for δέομαι, to need, Il. δ, 202; 1, 468: 
fut. δενήσομαι, Il. 13, 786: aor. ἐδεύησα, Odys. 
9, 483. 

δέχνυμαι, later for δέχομαι, Anthol. 9, 553. 

δέχομαι, to receive, accept, fut. δέξομαι, Soph. Col. 
4: perf. δέδεγμαι, Thuc. 1, 9: aor. pass. ἐδέχϑην. 
actively or passively, Eurip. Heracl. 757 ; Dem. 
1012: aor. mid. ἐδεξάμην, Eurip. Alc. 683: 3 
fut. δεδέξομαι actively, Il. 5, 238. Verbal δὲ- 
xtéos, Xen. CHcon. 7, 35. ~ 

δέχαται, pres. 3 plur. Epic for δέχονται, I]. 12, 147: pres. 

part. δέγμενος for δεχόμενος, waiting for, Il. 2, 137; or for 
δεξάμενος, Pind. Pyth. 4, 226. — ἐδέγμην, imperf. for ἐδεχό-- 
μην, was expecting, Odys. 9, 513.— δέκτο or ἔδεκτο, 2 aor. 
mid, 3 sing. Epic, Odys. 9, 303; Il. 15, 88: imperat. 2 
sing. δέξο (dezoo), Il. 19, 10: 2 plur. Ssh Apol. 4, 554: 
infin. δέχϑαι, Il. 1, 23; Eurip. Rhes. 525. — Il. 10, 62, 
δεδεγμένος! is equivalent | to δεχόμενος, waiting ; Il. 4, 107, it 
is equivalent to δεδοκημένος, on the look out, watching. 

δέω, to bind, fut. δήσω, Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 23: aor. 
édyoa, Soph. Antig. 1112: perf. dédexa, Dem. 
764: perl. pass. δέδεμαι, Xen. Anab. 3, 4, 35; 
also δέδεσμαι, Hippocr.: aor. pass. ἐδέϑην, Xen. 
Hel. 1, 7, 39: 3 fut. pass. δεδήσομαι equivalent 
to δεϑήσομαι, Xen. Cyr. 4, 8,18. Verbal δε- 
téos, Arist. Eccl. 785. — Mid. δέομαι transitive, 
imperf. ἐδεόμην, il. 18, 553: aor. ἐδησάμην, Il. 
2.44. τ" 


In this verb ¢0, ew, sov are contracted contrary to the 
analogy of dissyllabic verbs in é* δοῦν, Plat. Cratyl. 16; 
ἀναδῶν, Arist. Plut. δ89 ; χκατέδουν, Thuc. 7, 53; ἄνα- 
δοῦμαι, Xen, Hel. 5,1, 21: evidently in order to make a 
distinction between this and the following. — δησάσκετο, 
aor. mid. iterative, I], 24, 15. 

It may possibly be etymologically_ connected with , the 
English tie, tight. 


120 δεῶ 


δέω, to want, be wanting, lack, ‘ee Zésch. Prom. 
1006: fut. δεήσω, Plat. Rep. 3, 8: aor. ἐδέησα, 
Dem. 678; Epic ἔδησα, Il. 18, 100: perf. δε- 
δέηκα, Plat. Polit. 19: aor. pass. ἐδεήϑην as 

' middle, Thuc. 1, 27. — Mid. δέομαι, to need, beg, 

. + fut. δεήσομαι, Xen. Anab. 5, 4, 9: perf. dedén- 
- pat, Dem. 415. 

Impersonal dei, it is necessary, there is need, 

δέῃ, δέοι, δεῖν, δέον, fut. δεήσει, Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 
17: aor. ἐδέησε, Arist. Vesp. 612. 

AHKQ, see δάκνω. 

δήλόμαι, to wish, Doric, equivalent to ϑέλω; βούλο- 
μαι, Theoc. 5,27. | 

δήω (4422), I shall Jind, Epic, Il. 9, 418. 685 ; 
~ Odys. 4, 544. 


We may assume a future daecw from 442, hence δαεω, 
and, by contracting the first two syllables (as), δήω. Com- 
pare κέω OF xsia " also αἰδεῖο from αἰδέομαι. 


διαιτάω (δίαιτα), to decide, arbitrate, fut. hantiec, 
Dem. 861: aor. ἐδιήτησα, Dem. 542; Doric 
διαίτασα, Pind, Pyth. 9, 121: perf. δεδιήτηχα, 
Dem. 902: perf. pass. δεδιἠτημαι; Dem. δ42.---- 

Mid. διαιτάομαι, to pass life, live, dwell, Hippocr. 
de Aer. δ 44: imperf. διηταόμην, Lysias, 18: 
fut. goa Plat. Rep. 2, 12: perf. δεδιήτη- 

μαι, Thuc. 7, 77: aor. pass. διῃτήϑην, Tonic 

 διαιτήϑην as τ middle, Thuc. 7, 87; Herod. 2, 
112. Verbal διαιτητέος as middle δεῖ διαιτᾶ. 
σϑαι), Hippoer. 

διάκονέω (διάκονος), to minister, wait upon, impert. 
διηκόνουν, Eurip. Cycl. 406: fut. διακονήσω, 
Plat. Gorg. 61: perf. δεδιηκόνηκα, Athen. 7, 42: 
perf. pass. δεδιηκόνημαι, Dem. 1230: aor, pass. 
ἐδιακονήϑην, Dem. 1206. 

διαλέγω (διά, λέγω), to separate, select. — Mid. 
διαλέγομαι, to discuss, converse with, fut. διαλέ- 


διδρ 121 


Eouat, Siew 140: perf. διείλεγμαι, Xen. Hel. 5, 
4, 29: aor. pass. διελέχϑην as middle, Xen. 
Mem. 1, 6, 1: aor. mid. διελεξάμην Epic only, 
H> 41, 407: fut. pass. διαλεχϑήσομαι as middle, 
Isoc. 195. Verbal dsadexréos, Isoc. 101. 
διδάσκω (AAQ, ATAAX), to teach, fut. διδάξω,. 
Arist. Plut. 582: aor. ἐδίδαξα, Thuc. 2, 60; also 
ἐδιδάσκησα Epic, Hes. Op. 64:. perf. δεδίδαχα, 
Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 18 :-perf. pass. δεδίδαγμαι, Xen. 
Conv. 9, 6: aor.. pass. ἐδιδάχϑην, Asch. Prom. 
10. Verbal: διδακτέος, Xen. Hel. 6, 3, 7. --- 
Mid. διδάσκομαι, to cause to be taught, sive an 
education ; also to learn, that is, to teach one’s 
self: fut. διδάξομαι, Xen.. Mem. 1, 2, 20: aor. 
ἐδιδαξάμην, Arist. Nub. 1338; Soph. Antig. 356. 


The derived tenses show that-the last consonant of the. . 


root is a palatal; the noun διδαχή presupposes a theme in 
-yo* therefore διδάσκω is formed by inserting o before y, and’ 
changing the latter into its corresponding smooth palatal, 
Compare ἐΐσκω, λάσκω, μίσγω. ---- ATAAXN without the redu-. 
plication may be compared with the Latin doceo, disco. 


δίδημι (δέω), to bind, nn ἐδίδην, Il. 11, 105. 

διδόω (AOL), to give, 2 sing. διδοῖς, διδοῖσθια, fl. 
9, 164; 19, 270; 3 sing. διδοῖ, Herod. 1, 107; 
imperat. δίδουν (δίδοε), Eurip. Med. 617: imperf. 
ἐδίδουν (ἐδίδοον), Xen. Cyr. 8, 2, 17;.- Hes. Op. 
138: fut. διδώσω Epic; Odys. 13, 358; 24, 314. 


δίδοι, imperat. Ping, for δίδου (δίδοε), Pind. Olym. 1, 


136. . 
It is the same as the Latin ΓᾺΡ the detivative dos of 


course is the same as δώς. 

διδράσκω (4PAQ), only in oitiposition ἀποδιδρά- 
σκώ, διαδιδράσκω, ἐχδιδράσκώ, to run away; skulk, 
fut. δράσομαι (&), Dem. 130: aor. ἔδρᾶσα, Xen. 
Cyr. 1, 4, 13: perf. δέδρᾶκα, Xen. Anab. 1, 4, 
8: 2aor. ἔδρᾶν Tonic deny, δρῶ, δραίην, δρᾶναι, 
δράς, Eurip. crue 14; Rem. ὃ 72. | 


122 dude 


διδρήσκω, δρήσομαι, &c., Ionic for διδράσκω. 
δίδωμι (διδόω, FOL), to give, fut. δώσω, Xen. 
Anab. 7, 3, 10: aor. ἔδωκα, only in the indica- 
“ae Xen. Mem. 1, 1,9: perf. δέδωκα, Thuc. 5, 
: pert. pass. dédouat, Xen. Hel. 7, 1, 5: aor. 
said ἐδόϑην, Xen. Hel. 3, 1,6: 2 aor. ἕδρης, δώ, 
δοίην, δός, δοῦναι, δούς, Thue. 2. 27. Verbal 
dotéos, Xen. Eq. 10, 12.— Mid. didouat, see 
ἀποδίδωμι. ----- See also 61000. 


The fut. mid. ἐκδώσομαι, of ἐκδίδωμι, is passive in signifi- 
cation, Hippocr, © 

The singular ἔδωκα, ἔδωκας, ἔδωκε, and the 3 plur. ἔδωκαν, 
with good writers are much more common than the remain- 
ing forms of the aorist ἔδωκα. On the other hand, the 
singular of the 2 aor. ἔδων is not used in the indicative. | 

6idm 91, pres. imperat. 2 sing. for δίδοϑι, Odys. 3, 38: . 
infin. διδοῦναι, Epic for διδόναι, Tl. 24, 425. — δόσκον, 
Q aor, iterative, Il. 18,546; Odys. 19, 76. -- δώω, dune, 
δώῃ, δώωσι, Q aor. subj. Epic for δῶ, δῷς, δῷ, δῶσι, Il. 6, 
527; 1, 137; also δώῃσι for δώῃ, Il. 1, 324. Also 3 sing. 
hii for ic. Il. 1, 129; 1 plur. deo 1.» for δῶμεν, 1]. 7, 
299 : infin, δόμεναι and δόμεν, for δοῦναι, 1]. 1, 116; 
479. ---δῴην, δῴης, δῴη, 2 aor. opt. for δοίην, Seine, Sais, 
Xen. Cyr. 3, 1,35; Herod. 9, 111. Many critics suppose 
that these forms belong to the later Greek ; compare cleny 
from alicxouor.— dedoav dt, neo kede cack 2 perf. 3 
plur. Beotic, in an ancient inscription, Rose’s Inscript. 
Grec. tab. 39, 1.35. Compare cords, for ἔωντι (ὦσι), in 
the same inscription. 


δίζημαι, to seek, Epic and Ionic, δίζησθαι, διζήμενος, 
retaining 7 in the inflexion, Odys. 11, 100; Il. 
4,88; Herod. 1, 94: imperf. ἐδιζήμην, Herod. 
1, 214: fut. διζήσομαι, Odys. 16, 239: aor. ἐδε- 
ζησάμην, Plutarch. p. 1118, quoted. 

dit, to consider, φροντίζω, doubt, Herod. 1, 65: 
perf. ἔδιζον, Il. 16, 713. Compare Xen. "μα 
15. — Mid. δίζομαι equivalent to δίζημαι, Theoc. 
25,37; Hes. Op. 601: imperf. ἐδιζόμην, Mosch. 
2, 28. 


Olax | 123 


διηκονέω, Ionic for διακονέω, Herod. 4, 154. . 

δίημι (διά, tnuc), to moisten, sprinkle, part. Deals, 
Athen. 7, 41.— Mid. δίεμαι as active, Arist. 
Prt. 720." °": 

dinut (dia), to chase away, srpierts 3 plur. aye 
Il. 18, 584. — Mid. δίεμαι, to speed, Ι. 29, 475; 
12, 304. 

AIK, to fling, Poetic, 2 aor. ἔδικον, Sine, ro 
Pind. Olym. 10, 86; Eurip. Bac. 599; Asch. 
Choéph. 99. 

διψάω (a), to thirst, be thirsty, Odys. 11, 583: fut. 
διψήσω, Xen. Mem. 2, 1,17: aor. ἐδίψησα, Xen. 
Cyr. 7, 5, 81: perf. δεδίψηκα, Hippocr. ᾿ 

διψέω, another form of duwao, Athen. 10, 43. 

diw, to fear, Epic in the present and imperfect, ll. 

* 9,433: 2 perf. δέδια, Epic δείδια, as present, 
δεδίω, δεδιείην, δέδιθι, δεδιέναι, δεδιώς, Il. 10, 93; 
Hes. Scut. 248; Arist. Eq. 224; Iseus, 101: 
2 pluperf. ἐδεδίειν, Dem. 915. — Mid. δίομαι, 
to cause to fear, simply to frighten, scare, Aésch. 
Eum. 357; 1]. 5, 763. — See also δείδω. 

δεέδιε, imperf. 3 sing. from a new present JETAI2, Il. 
18, 34. Compare ἄρηρεν from agagioxw. — For the synco- 
pated forms of the second perfect and pluperfect, δέδεμεν 
or δείδιμεν, δέδιτε, δεδιείην, δέδιϑιου δείδιϑι, δείδι- 
τε, δειδίμεν, δειδυῖα, ἐδείδιμεν, (ep diaum, or ἐδεέδι- 


σαν, see Rem. § 68: 


δίωκω (AIRKA ON), in pursue, fut. διώξω; διώξαι 
μαι, Arist. Thesm. 1224; Thuc. 7, 85: aor. 
ἐδίωξα, Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 13: aor. pass. ἐδιώχθην, 
Thuc. 3, 4: 2 aor. ἐδιώκαθον, διωκάθω, διωκά- 
θειν, Arist, Vesp. 1203 ; Nub. 1482; Plat. Gorg. 
85; Euthph. 20. Verbal διωκτέος, "Xen. Anab. 
3, 3, 8. — Mid. διώκομαι transitive, Il. 21, 602. 


διώκετον, imperf. 3 dual for διωκέτην, Il. 10, 364; like 
λαφύσσετον for ἐλαφυσσέτην, from λαφύσσω, Il. 18, 583. 


124 dua 


AMA S2, see δαμάζω. 

AME, see δέμω. 

δοάσσατο, see δέατο. 

᾿ δόατο, see déato. - 

δοκέω (AOKL), to seem, think, fut. δόξω, Xen. 
Anab. 1, 4, 15; aor. Joga, Xen. Cyr. 6, 3, 5: 
perft pass. δέδογμαι, Arist. Eccl. 759 : aor. pass. 

part. doy Peis, Antiph. 630. — The regular forms 
δοκήσω, ἐδόκησα, δεδόκημαι, δοκηϑείς are Poetic; 
Asch. Prom. 386; Pind. Olym. 18, 79; Eurip. 
Med. 763; Alc. 1161. 

‘Tmpersonal doxei, it seems, appears, δόξει, 
ἔδοξε, δέδοκται. ---- Also δοκήσει, ἐδόκησε, δεδό- 
κηκε, δεδόχηται, Eurip. Heracl. 261; Sup. 129 ; 
sch. Eum. 309 ; Herod. 7, 16. 

δουπέω (ΔΟΥ̓ΠΩ), to sound heavily, as in falling, 
Poetic, imperf. ἐδούπεον, Apol. 2, 1057: aor. 
 ἐδούπησα and. ἐγδούπησα, Il. 4, 505; 11, 45: 
2, aor. ἔδουπον later, Brunck’s A nideet: 2, 33 
(96): 2 perf. dédovma, κῆκσγέηρ το fallen, dead, 
Il. 23, 679; 


The aor. ἐγδούπησα presupposes ΓΑΟΥ̓ΠΕΩ (ΤΟΥ ΠΩ), 
probably the original theme. Compare χτυπέω, τύπτω, 
TrHN. 


AOL, see δίδωμι. 

δραίνω (δράω), to do, plan, project, Il. 10, 96. 

APAMS2, see τρέχω. 

δῥασκάζω, for διδράσκω, Lys. 359. 

APA, see διδράσκω. 

δράω, to do, fut. δράσω (ἃ), Soph. Col. 822: aor. 
ἔδρᾶσα, Thuc. 8, 40: perf. dédeaxa, Soph. 
Antig. 442: perf. pass. δέδράμαι and δέδρασμαι, 
Eurip. Orest. 1318; Thuc. 3, 54: aor. pass. 
ἐδράσϑην, Thuc. 3, 38. 

Sometimes δρῶ has the force of the future, Arist. Plut. 

ὅ9. --δρώωσι, pres. 3 plur, protracted from δρῶσι, Epic, 


* 


δυνῶ 195 


“ Odys. 15, 824: optat. δρώοιμι, for δρῷμι (δράοιμι), Odys. 
15, 316; compare ἡβώοιμι from ἡβάω. 

APEMN, see τρέχω. ig : 

δρέπω, sometimes δρέπτω, to pluck, enjoy, Mosch. 
2,69: aor. ἔδρεψα, Herod. 2, 92: 2 aor. ἔδρα- 
nov, δραπών, Pind. Pyth. 4, 231. — Mid. δρέπο- 

μαι, to pluck for one’s self, enjoy, Pind. Nem. 2, 
13: fut. δρέψομαι, Doric δρεψεῦμαι, ‘Theoc. 18, 
40: aor. ἐδρεψάμην, Asch. Sept. 718. 

δρήσσω, for δράω, to do, Apol. 3, 274. 

δρηστεύω, for διδράσκω, Herod. 4, 79. 

δρομάω or δρωμάω (APEMS2), to run, 3 sing. 
δρωμᾷ, in Hesychius : imperf. iterative δρομάασκε, 
Hes. frag. 156. awe 

δρύπτω and deve, to tear the flesh, Eurip.-Elec. 
150; Il. 24, 21: aor. ἔδρυψα, Il. 16, 324: aor. - 
pass. ἐδορύφϑην, Il. 23, 395. — Mid. δρύπτομαι, 
to tear one’s own flesh, Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 13:-aor. - 
ἐδρυψάμην, Odys. 2, 153. “ 

δρωμάω, see δρομάω. aid 

δύναμαι, to be able, can, like ἵσταμαι in the present 
and imperfect: imperf. ἐδυνάμην and ἠδυνάμην, 
Xen. Anab. 7, 2,33; Herod. 1, 10: fut. δυνή- 
couat, Soph. Antig. 90: perf. δεδύνημαι, Dem. 
48: aor. ἐδυνήϑην and ἡδυνήϑην, also ἐδυνά- 
σϑην, Soph. Aj. 1067 ; Ausch. Prom. 206 ; Xen. 
Hel. 7, 3, 3: aor. mid. ἐδυνησάμην Epic, Il. 14, 
33. Verbal δυνατός, possible, able. 


δύνῃ, pres. 2 sing. for δύνασαι, Eurip. Hee. 253: subj. 
2 sing. δύνηαι Epic for δύνῃ, Il. 6, 229; 1 plur. δυνεώμ ε- 
da, 3 plur. δυνέωνται, Lonic for δυνώμεϑα, δύνωνται, He- 
rod. 4, 97; 7, 163. | 

The accent of the present subjunctive and optative is 
thrown as far back as possible; δύνωμαι, δύνηται, δύνησϑε, 
δύνωνται * δύναιο, δύναιτο, δύναισϑε, δύναιντο. 


δύνω (δύω), to enter, put on one’s self, go down, set, 
sink, Herod. 7, 218; Il. 5, 845; equivalent to 
11 ¥* ᾿ 


126 δυπτ 


δύομαι from δύω " perf. déd0xa, Arist. Vesp. 140: 
2 aor. ἔδῦν, δύω (Ὁ), δύην (v), δῦθι, δῦναι, dus, 
Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, 1. -- Mid. δύνομαι as active, 
Call. Epigr. 19, 6; 21, 2. 
δυνέουσι, pres. 3 plur. for δύνουσι, Herod. 3, 98. — 
Ovoxev, 2 aor. iterative, Il. 8, 271: 3 plur, ἔδῦν for ἔδυ- 
σαν, 1]. 4, 222.— doer, 2 aor. opt. 1 plur. for δύημεν, like 
δοῖμεν, ϑεῖμεν, for δοίημεν, ϑείημεν, 1]. 16, 99. — According 
to Buttmann, the subjunctive δύῃ, Odys. 9, 377; 18, 348; 
20, 286, ought to be written δύη, optative, because it de- 
pends on a historical tense, ἢ.) 
δύπτω, for δύνω or δύω, Apol. 1, 1008: aor. ἔδυψα, 
ΤΠ Apol. 1, 1326. 
It seems to be etymologically connected with the Saxon 
dyfan, English dip, dive, Ὁ 
δύω, to cause to enter, to put on another, envelope, 
immerse, sink, Arist. Av. 712; Odys. 5, 272: 
fut. δύσω (Ὁ), Arist. Eccl. 668: aor. ἔδῦσα, Il. 
18, 83: perf. δέδῦκα, Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 23: perf. 
pass. δέδύμαι, Dem. 1268: aor. pass. ἐδύθην 
(Ὁ), Arist. Ran. 715: 2 aor. pass. ἐδύην, διεκδυ- 
ἤναι, Hippocr. Verbal dutéos, Plat. Rep. 5, 6. 
— Mid. dvouat, to enter, put on one’s self, go 
down, set, sink, Il. 5, 140: fut. δύσομαι, Xen. 
Anab. 3,5, 11: aor. ἐδυσάμην, Odys. 5, 352 ; 
also ἐδυσόμην Epic, Il. 7, 465. — The equivalent 
δύνω; ἔδῦν are more common than δύομαι, ἐδυ- 
σάμην. 5 ῊΞ 


Sometimes the present δύω is intransitive, equivalent to 
δύνω, as Odys. 5, 272. 

δύσεο, aor. mid. imperat. from ἐδυσόμην, 1]. 16, 129. — 
Odys. 1, 24, and Hes. Op. 382, δυσόμενος is areal future 
middle ; see καταβήσεται under faire. : 


δωρέομαι (δώρον), to present, give, fut. δωρήσομαι, 
once δωρήσω, Eurip. Troad. 382 ; Hom. frag. 8: 
perf. δεδώρημαι, Xen. Cyr. 5, 2, 8: aor. pass. 
ἐδωρήθην always passively, Soph. Aj. 1029: aor. 


eyet 127 


Cbenpeesent rare and. Poetic ἐδώρησα, Xen. 
Anab. 7, 3, 27; Pind. seen 6, 131; ‘Hes. 
Op. 82. 
E. 

ἑάφϑη or ἐάφϑη, see ἅπτω. 

ἐάω, to permit, let, let alone ; Epic εἰάω, Il. 4, 55; 
2,113: fut. ἐάσω (a), Thuc. 1, 144: aor. εἴᾶσα, 
Xen. Anab. 1, 9, 18: perf. etaxa, Dem. 99: aor. 
pass. εἰάϑην (a), Isoc. 60: fut. mid. ἐάσομαι as 
passive, Eurip. Aul. 331. Verbal gatéos, Herod. 
8, 108. ΐ 


ἔασκεν, imperf. iterative, Il. 11, 880. . 

The original form was «Fao (perhaps FeFoao), ene 
the imperative ἔβασον for ἔασον, in Hesychius. 

ἐγγυάω (ἐγγύη), to betroth, proffer, imapert. ἡγγύαον 
and é EVEYUGOY, Dem. 890; Iszeus, 59: aor. nyyv- 
noa and ἐνεγύησα, also ἐνεγγύησα, Eurip. Aul. 
708; Iszeus, 39 ; Dem. 1366: perf. (Ἴγγύηκαλ, 
pluperf ἡγγνυήκειν, Iseeus, 51; also ἐγγεγύηκα; 
Dem. 1368 : perf. pass. ἠἡγγύημοαι and ἐ ἐγγεγύη- 
pat, Dem. 394. 900: pluperf. pass. ἐγγεγνήμην 
and ἐνεγγεγνήμην, Iseus, 49; Dem. 901: aor. 
pass. ἡγγνήϑην, Dem. 1361. — Mid. ἐγγνάομαι, 
to accept a proffer, bind one’s self, engage, im-’ 
perf. ἡγγναόμην and ἐνεγγναόμην, Xen. Anab, 
7,°4 18} Iszeus, 60: fut. ἐγγυήσομαι, Dem. 
715: aor. ἡγγνησάμην and ἐνεγγυησάμην, also 
ἐγγνησάμην, Andoc, 22; Iseus, 49. 88. 

The forms ἐνεγχύησα, ἐνεγγεγυήμην, ἐνεγγυαόμην, 
and ἐνεγγυησάμην are anomalous, inasmuch as they repeat 
the preposition ἐν. ὩΣ. Vea ts, pres. mid. infin. pro- 
tracted from ἐγγυᾶσθαι (ἐγγυάεσϑαι), Odys. 8, 351. 

ἐγείρω (ELEPL, EF PL), to rouse, waken, raise, 
fut. ἐγερώ, Xen. Hel. 6, 4, 36: aor. ἤγειρα, 1]. 
5, 208: aor. pass. ἠγέρϑην as middle, Xen. Cyr. 


128 ἐγκῶ 


8, 7,2: 2 perf. ἐγρήγορα as neuter present, to 
be awake, Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 7.— Mid. ἐγείρομαι, 
to raise one’s self, simply to rise, wake, perf. 
éynyeouat, Thuc. 7, 51: aor. ἠγειράμην rare, 
Hippocr. : 2 aor. ἠγρόμην, ἔγρωμαι, ἐγροίμην, 
ἔγρεο Epic, ἐγρέσϑαι, ἐγρόμενος, Arist. Ran. 51 ; 
Vesp. 774; Odys. 6, 113; mae Rhes. 531 ; 
Thuc. 18, BD: Plat. Lys. 3. 


NY EQTO, ohdpert mid. 3 sing. without the Attic redupli- 
cation, Hippoer. —évonyoods, 2 perf. imperat. 2 plur. Epic 
for ἐγρηγόρετε, 1]. 7, 3871: infin. ἐγρήγορϑαι or ἐγρη- 
YQ OL, Il. 10, 67. pany ead toi, 2 perf. 3 plur. Epic 
for ἐγρηγόρᾶσι, Il. 10, 419; as if from ErEPON. 
᾿ἐγκωμιάζω (ἐγκώμιον, ἕν, κῶμος), to praise, laud, 

fut. ἐγκωμιάσω and ἐγκωμιάσομαι, Plat. Gorg. 

156; Conv. 24: aor. évex@piaca, Plat. Lach. 

18: ‘pert. ἐγκεκωμίακα, Plat. Leg. 1, 5: perf. 

pass. ἐγκεκωμίασμαι, Plat. Charm. 12. 
évonvooda (ἐγρήγορα, ἐγείρω), part. protracted 

evonyopooy (ἐγρηγορῶν, -edav), waking, Odys. 

20, 

Hashes (ὐῥηθ δρᾶ, ἐγείρω),, ἴο be ayers Odys. 20, 

58: 1, 17, 660. 

‘BAR, to seat, see ἕζομαι. 

ἔδω, see 2690, to eat. 

ἐείδομαι, see εἴδομαι. 

ξέλδομαι, see ἔλδομαι.. 

ξέλπομαι, see ἐλπω. 

ἐέργνυν, see ἔργνυμι. 

ἐέργῶ (EEPLPAOQ), Epic and Ionic for ἔργω, 
εἴργω, to shut oul, keep off, debar, prevent, sepa- 
rate, Il. 4, 131; 13, 525; Herod. 8, 98: 2 aor. 
ἐέργαϑον, 1]. 5. 147. — Also for ἔργω, εἵργνυμι, 
to shut in, confine, include, Il, 2, 617: perf. pass. 

part. ἐεργμένος, closely compacted, Il. 5, 89. 


ἐέρχατο, pluperf. pass. 3 plur. Epic for ἐεργμένοι ἦσαν; 
were shut up, Odys. 10, 241. 


εἰδῶ ‘129 


ἕζομαι (LAS), to seat one’s self, simply to sit, 
Poetic, Soph. Tyr. 32: imperf. ἑζόμην as aorist, 
Il. 1, 48; Asch. Eum.-3.— For ἑδοῦμαι, ἑδήσο- 
μαι, ἕσθην, ἑσθήσομαι, see the compound καθέ- 
ζομαι. ‘ ' 
This verb is connected with σατένη, σέλμα, σφέλας, “EN 
(to place), also with the Latin sedeo, sedo, sido (ζωὴ, sedes, 
sedile, sella, solum (1); English seat, sit, set, sell, sill, saddle, 
settle, soil; German schwelle. __ : 
ἐθέλω, to will, wish, fut. ἐθελήσω, Xen. Anab. 5, 7, 
30: aor. ἠϑέλησα, Xen. Cyr. 5, 1, 19: perf. 
ϑέληκα, Xen. Cyr. 5, 2, 9.—See also ϑέλω. 
ἐθίζω (Eto, Eos), to accustom, fut. éPiow, Xen. 
Cyr. 3, 3, 53: aor. εἴϑισα, Dem. 477: perf. εἰς 
Sixa, Plat. Men. 1: perf. pass. εἴϑισμαι, Eurip. 
Med. 122: aor. pass. εἰϑέσϑην, Plat. Leg. 3, 3. 
Verbal ἐϑιστέος, Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 28. 
ἔϑω, to be accustomed, wont, only part. ἔϑων, wont, 
Epic, Il. 9, 540: 2 perf. sia%a, Ionic goa, as 
present, Thuc. 1, 140; Herod. 2, 68: 2 pluperf.. 
εἰώϑειν, Ionic ἐώϑεα, as imperfect, Xen. Anab. 
7, 8, 4; Herod. 4, 127. — ἘΠῚ 
The original form was Feo, hence βεσόν, γηϑία, in He- 
sychius. Compare Latin suesco and utor (7). ae 
εἰάω, see ἐάω. ἐν. ἩΡΙ 
εἴβω, Poetic for λείβω, Il, 11, 16: imperf. εἶβον, 
Odys. 4, 153. 3 i es 
ETAL (1442). to see, 2 aor. εἶδον, Epic ἔδον, ida, 
ἔδοιμι, ἴδε and ἐδέ, ἰδεῖν, ἰδών, Xen. Mem. 1, 1, 
11; 1. 1, 262; later εἶδα, Orph. Argon. 119: 
fut. ἐδησώ. Doric, Theoc. 3, 37. — Mid. εἴδομαι 
and ἐείδομαι, to seem, to appear, resemble, gen- 
erally Poetic; Il. 1, 228; Ausch. Choéph. 178; 
Herod. 6, 69; Pind. 10, 28; Theoc. 25, 58: 
aor. εἰσάμην and ἐεισάμην, εἰσάμενος and éetod- 
μενος, Il. 2,791. 225 9, 645; Odys. 2, 320: 


130 ELKO 


2 aor. εἰδόμην, Hes. frag. 108, 5;. Theoc. 13, 
60. — But εἰδόμην or ἰδόμην generally means lo 
see, and has ἔδωμαι, ἰδοίμην, ἰδοῦ, ἰδέσθαι, ἐδό- 
μενος rarely εἰδόμενος, Soph. Elec. 892; Le 10, 
27; Eurip. Hec. 808; Thue 4, 64. 

The 2 perf. οἶδα has the force of the present, 
to know, Latin novi, and has εἰδώ, εἰδείην, todu, 
εἰδέναι, εἰδώς - 2 pluperf. ἢ δεῖν as imperfect, I 
knew, Latin noveram or noram, Xen. Cyr. 8, 1, 
10: fut. εἴσομαι the usual Attic future, Xen. Cyr. 
1, 3, 14; rarely εἰδήσω, Il. 1,546; Herod. 7, 234; 
Isocr. 5, 11: aor. εἴδησα rare, Hippocr. ; Theophr. 
Char. Pref. Verbal ἐστέος, Plat. Thezt. 141. 


The perfect and aorist of οἶδα may be borrowed from 
γιγνώσκω " perf. ἔγνωκα, to have known, 2 aor. ἔγνων, I knew. 
Its original form was FEIZ2 or FIA, hence γοέδημι, 
γισάμεναί. Compare Latin video, English wit, wot, wise, 
᾿ wisdom. j 
εἰκάζω (sixo), to assimilate, compare, conjecture, 
imperf. εἴκαζον and ἠκαζον, Thuc. 2, 54; 6, 92: 
fut. sixdow, Ausch. Eum. 49: aor. εἴκασα and 
ἧκασα, Xen. Apol. 15; Soph. Elect. 662: perf. 
pass. etxacuee and ἤκασμαι, Dem. 1408; Arist. 
Av. 807: aor. pass. pit Xen: Hel. 7, 5, 
22. 


The compounds ἀντεικάξω, to compare, and ἀπεικάζω, to 
take a likeness, have fut. ἀντεικάσομαι, ἀπεικάσομαι, Plat. 
Meno, 13; Xen. Mem. 3, 11, 1. 

six, to appear, to be like, to seem, resemble, imperf. 
εἶχον as aorist, Il. 18, 520: fut. εἴξω, Arist. Nub. 
1001: 2 perf. gorxa as present, ἐοίκω, ἐοίκοιμι, 
ἐοικέναι sometimes, eixévat, ἐοικώς sometimes 
six@s, Soph. Antig. 1280; Xen. Conv. 6, 9; 
Plat. Pheedr. 123; Arist. Av. 1298 ; Nub. 186 ; 
/&sch. Choéph. 560; Ionic oixa, otxw, olxas, 
without the syllabic augment, Herod. 5, 20; 4, 


εἰλι 13] 


180; 3, 61: 2 pluperf. ἐῴκειν as imperfect, Xen. 
Hel. 7, δ, 22. 
Impersonal ἔοικε, Ionic οἶκε, it appears, seems, 
is likely, fitting, Soph. Antig. 576; Herod. 5, 97: 
- part. neut. εἰκός, fitting, proper, natural, reasona- 
ble : 2 pluperf. ἐῴκει, Odys. 24, 272. 


εἴκᾶσι, 2-perf. 3 plur. in Hesychius, under ἀΐδρυτον κακόν. 
— εἴξᾶσι, 2 perf. 3 plur. for the regular s%xaov, common éoi- 
κασι, Arist. Nub. 941. --- εἰοικοως, 2 perf. part, Epic for ἐοι-- 
κώς, I], 18, 417: 2 pluperf. 3 plur. ἐοέκεσαν, for the usual 
ἐῴκεσαν, Il, 13, 102. — ἔοιγμεν, 2 perf. 1 plur. Poetic for 
ἐοίκαμεν, Earip. Cyc]. 99: 2 dual ἔξκτον Epic, for ἐοίκατον, 
Odys. 4, 27. ---ὦ ἀράν 3 dual ἐΐκτην Epic, for éqxsirny, 
ILA, 104. — For καὶ ἤιξαι, ἤικτο OY ἔϊκτο, see ἐΐσκω. 
εἴκω (EIKAOM2), to yield, submit, give way, fut. 
εἴξω, Thuc. 1, 141: aor. εἶξα, Eurip. Hel. 80: 
2 aor. sine; εἰκάϑω, εἰκάϑοιμι, εἰκάϑειν, εἶκά- 
ϑῶν, Soph. Tyr. 651. 1167; Elec. 361; Col. 
1178.— The compound vzéixw has fut. ὑπείξω 
and ὑπείξομαι, Il. | , 294: aor. mid. sic i 
Apol. 4, 408. 
εἴξασκε, aor, iterative, Odys, 5, 332. 
Its original form was ἔν κώ, hence βεικηλά, γίξαι.  Com- 
pare English weak, German schwach, weich. See also οὔγω. 
εἰλέω (εἴλω), to roll, Il. 2,294: imperf. εἴλεον and 
ἐείλεον, Odys. 22, 460; Il. 8, 215; 18, 447: 
fut. εἰλήσω, Anthol. 12,208. 
ἐόληται, perf. pass. 3 sing. for εἴληται, in Hesychius; plu- 
perf. pass. 3 sing. 0410, was pressed down, oppressed, was 
in agony, Apol. 3, 471. Formed after the analogy of μεμό- 
ρήται; ΜΝ from ὩΠΕΙΡΩ, ° that is, they presuppose 
OAEN 
εἱλίσσω νὰ εἰλίσσω, for ἑλίσσω, AXsch. Bist, 1085; 
Herod. 2, 38; fut. εἱλίξω, Eurip. Orest. 171: aor. 
εἵλιξα, εἱλίξαι, εἱλίξας, Eurip. Troad. 116; Phen. 
1178: aor. pass. sidiyOny, sidiy Peis, Apol. 35 
655. | 


As to εἵλιγμαι, εἱλίγμην, they may be referred to ἑλίσσω. 


132 — 


εἴλλω, for εἴλω, Arist. Nub. 761; Thuc. 2, 76. 

᾿ εἰλυφάζω and εἰλύφάω (tha), to roll up, whirl up, 
Epic, Il. 20, 492; 11, 156; Hes. Theog. 692: 
impert. εἰλύφαζον intransitive, Hes. Scut. 275. 

εἰλύω (eid), long v, to wrap up, envelope, cover 
over, to roll round, gather up, Soph. Phil. 291: 
fut. eidvow,* Il. 21, 319: aor. εἵλῦσα rough 
breathing, Apol. 3, 206: perf. pass. εἴλῦμαι 
usually as middle, il. 5, 186; Herod. 2, 8: aor. 
pass. part. εἱλυσϑείς rough breathing, ‘drawing 
himself up, crouching, to spring on his opponent, 
equivalent to ἐλυσϑείς from HAYQ, Theoc. 25, 
246; 24, 17.— Mid. εἰλύομαι, εἰλυόμενος, to 
| crawl, drag one’s self along, Soph. Phil. 702: 
‘imperf. εἰλυόμην, Soph. Phil. 291. 

Apol. 3, 281, εἰλυμένος in the sense of ἐλυσϑ εἰς from EATN. 


On the other ‘hand, ἐλυσϑεὶς 18 equivalent to εἰλυμένος, 3, 
1313. ----εἰλύαται ὦ) perf. pass. 3 plur. Epic for εἴλυνται, 


am 12, 286. 
do (EAL), roll up, coop up, press together, siho- 
μαι, Epic, Ul. 5, 230: aor. ἔλσα, ξλσαι and ἐέλσαι, 
Shoas, Hy kl 4136 24,4093: 24,: 295 ;. Pind. 
Olym. 10, 51: perf, pass. tele, ἐελμένος, Il. 
24, 662; 12, 38: 2 aor. pass. ἐάλην (a) and 
GANY, ἀλῆναι, ἀλείς, Il. 13, 408 : 22, 12; 5, 823; 
16, 403. — See also εἰλέω, ἀλλο, ἘΔ7Ω. 

Its original theme was FEAR, etymologically connected 
with ἑλίσσω, ἕλιξ, EAT, Latin volvo, volumen, English wal- 
low, welter, wheel (2), German walzen. 

οεἵμαρμαι, see MEIPI2. 

εἰμί (E22, EL), to be, exist, ὦ, εἴην, ἔσϑι, εἶναι, 
ὧν " imperf. ἦν and ἦ, and ἤμην rare, Xen. Cyr. 
δ᾽ 1.93 tot, ἔσομαι (as), ἑσοίμην, ἔσεσϑαι, ἐσό- 
μενος. Verbal ἐστέον, συνεστέον, Plat. Protag. 
Il. 

Etymologically connected with the Latin sum (es, esse), 
the root of which is es-. 


Eloy 133 


εἶμι (142, EIs2,. IHMT), to ) 80, commonly as future, 
shall 80, ἴω, ἴοιμι and ἐοίην, ἴϑι, ἰέναι, ἰών im- 
perf. nev and ya, Plat. Apol. 6, 26: fut. εἴσο- 
μαι Epic, Il. 14, 8: aor. εἰσάμην and ἐεισάμην; 
ἐπιεισάμην, Epic, 11. 4,138; 15, 415; 22, 424. 

- Verbal itéoy, (TN TEOY, Ken; Mem. 3; ‘LL, δ. 1, 
1, 14. | 

It has already been connected with ἕω, ἕημι (E22), Latin — 
60, ire, venio, via, English way, went (wend), 

EIMR (EM), to say, 2 aor. εἶπον, εἴπω, εἴποιμε,, 
εἰπέ, εἰπεῖν, sin@v: Epic also ἔειπον, and ἔσπον. 
only in the imperat. ἔσπετε, Il. 10, 44535 2,. 
484: also aor. εἶπα Epic ξειπα, εἴπαιμι, εἷπον( 22“. 
or εἰπόν, εἶπαι, εἴπας, Herod. 8,61 ; Plat. Sophist.. 
54; Pind. Olym. 6, 156; 8, 61; ‘Nem. 9:98 ;. 
Herod. 1, 49. - Mid. aor. εἰπάμην, ἀπειπάμην, 
dnslnop tas ἀπειπάμενος, to refuse, disclaim, 
disown, literally to say no, Herod. 1, 59; 4, 120. 
— See also ἐνέπω. 


All the forms of εἶπα, except 3 atte: εἶπαν, infin. εἶπαι, and. 
part. εἴπας, are used | by the Attic writers. — Further, the- 
forms εἰπάτω, εἴπατον, εἴπατε, of the imperative, are preferred. 
to the corresponding forms of the 2 aor. εἶπον. 

The present is borrowed from φημί, λέγω, and in certain. 
connexions, from ἀγορεύω. The other parts are borrowed. 
from iow, and ‘PEN, which see: fut. ἐρέω, ἐρῶ, perf. εἴρηκα,. 
εἴρημαι, aor. pass, ἐῤῥήϑην and ἐῤῥέϑην, sion Inv and εἰρέϑην, 
3 fut. pass. εἰρήσομαι. 

The original theme was FLIM72 or FENN, hence: 
Fexos, yinov, Compare Latin voco, vox (dy), ‘English. 
voice. 


εἵργνυμι and εἵργνύω ( EIPT'2), to shut in, con-- 
fine, Andoc. 126: fut. εἵρξω, Eurip. Elec. 1255 :: 
aor. eiega, Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 36: pert. pass. εἶρ-- 
γμαι, Arist. Av. 1085: aor. pass. εἵργϑην, Dem.. 
1367. — See also ἔργώ, ἔργνυμι. 

εἴργω (EIPLAOL?), to shut out, debar, restrain, 
prevent, fut. εἴρξω, Soph, Phil. 1407: aor. εἶρξα,. 

12 


134 , ELQE 


Thuc. 4,37: perf. pass. edeyuer, Eurip. Heracl. 
877: aor. pass. εἴρχϑην (7): 2 aor. elevator, 
εἰργάϑω, εἰργάϑειν, Soph. Col. 862; Elec. 1271: 
fut. mid. εἴρξομαι as passive, Xen. Anab. 6, 6, 
16: 2 aor. mid. εἰργαϑόμην as active, εἰργάϑου, 
fesch. Eum. 566. Verbal εἰρκτέος, Soph. Aj. 
1250. — See also ἐέργω, ἔργω. , 

εἰρέω (εἴρω), to say, tell, part. fem. εἰρεῦσαι (con- 
tracted from éigéovoar), Hes. Theog. 38. 

εἴρομοαι rarely εἰρέομαι, Epic and Ionic for EPO- 
MAT, to ask, 11. 1,553; Herod. 3, 64; 4, 76; 
1, 27: imperf.: εἰρόμην, Herod. 1, 30; Pind. 
Olym. 6, 83: fut. εἰρήσομαι, Odys. 4, 61. 

εἰρύω, for ἐρύω, to draw, fut. εἰρύσω (oo), Apol. 1, 
687: aor. εἴρυσα (00), εἰρύσω, εἴρυσον, εἰρύσαι, 
εἰρύσας, Il. 8, 378 ; Mosch. 4, 116; Soph. Trach. 
1034; Herod. 1, 141; 2, 38; perf. pass. εἴρῦ- 
μαι and εἴρυσμαι, Il. 18, 682; 14,75; Odys. 
8, 151: pluperf. pass. εἰρύμην (Ὁ), Il. 18, 69; 
14, 30: aor. pass. εἰρύσϑην, Hippocr. — Mid. 
εἰρύομαι (v), to draw to one’s self, move, rescue, 
deliver, protect, guard, Il. 21, 588: fut. εἰρύσο- 
pat (oo), 11. 18, 276; aor. mid. εἰρυσάμην, εἰρυ- 
σαίμην (0), εἰρύσασϑαι (oo), εἰρυσάμενος, 1]. 8, 
143; 1, 216; Herod. 4, 8. 

εἰρύμεναι (Ὁ), pres. infin. Epic, as if from εἰρυμι; Hes. 

Op. 810. ----εἰρύαται (v), pres. pass. 3 plur. for εἴρυνται, II. 
1, 239: infin. εἴρυσϑαι, Odys. 23, 82: imperf. 3 sing. «i- 
otto, Il. 16, 542: 3 plur. εἴρύντο, 1]. 12, 454: all imply- 
ing evovus. The forms εἰρύαται, εἴρυτο, and εἴρυντο must 
not be confounded with the corresponding persons of the 


perfect and pluperfect passive. — In two instances the perf. 
pass. 3 plur. εἰρύαται has wv short; Il. 4,248; Odys. 6, 
265. : 


εἴρω (E P22), to say, tell, not Attic in the present 
and imperfect, Odys. 2, 162: fut. ἐρέω, ἐρώ, Il. 
1, 76; Soph. Tyr. 276: fut. mid. ἐροῦμαι, ἀπε- 


᾿ς Eennh i 


ροῦμαι, will refuse, allied to ἀπειπάμην in sense, 
Anthol. 12, 120. — See also E7112. 

εἴρω (EP{2), to join, connect in order, bind, Xen. 
Cyr. 8, 3, 10: aor. εἶρα, Herod. 3, 87: perf. 
εἶρκα, Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, 10: perf. pass. εἶρμαι, 
Epic ἔερμαι, Ionic ἔρμαι, Call. frag. 140 ; Odys. 
18, 296 ; Herod. 4, 190: pluperf. ae Epic 2 ἐέρ- 
μῆν, Odys. 15, 460. 


Hesychius has ἀνέρσει, ἁμαρτήσει, κρεμάσει. In the latter 
sense, χρεμάσει, it belongs to this verb; in the former, ἅμαρ- 
τήσει, to ἔῤῥω ᾿ unless the reader chooses to change a ἁμαρτή- 
σει into ἀναρτήσει from ἀναρτάω. 

Its original theme was Fesow, connected with εἰρήνη, 
folic Fevonve. Comper Latin sero. 

εἰρωτέω, Ionic for ἐρωτάω, to ask. 

ἐΐσκω (six), to liken, think like, compare, to make 
similar, assimilate, causative of eixa, to be like, 
Il. 3, 197; Hom. Hym. 3, 109: imperf. qroxov 
and ἔϊσκον, Odys. 4, 247; 9, 321. — Mid. perf. 
2 sing. ἤιξαι equivalent to ἔοικας, thou art like, 
Eurip. Alc. 1063; 3 sing. ἤικται, προσήικται, 
in Hesychius: plupert. 3 sing. yexto and gixto 
equivalent to ἐῴκει, resembled, Odys. 4, 796; 
13, 2885 Eh. 93.107. — See also fox, nioxe. 

εὔοδα. 566 Ee. 

ἐκδίδωμι, see δίδωμι. 

ἐχκλησιάζω (ἐκκλησία, éx, καλέω), to call an assem- 
bly, imperf. ἐξεκλησίαζον and ἐκκλησίαζον, Lysias, 
493; Dem. 315; also ἐξεκκλησίαζον, Xen. Hel. 
5, 3, 16: fut. ἐχκληδιάσω, Thuc. 7, 2: aor. ἐξε- 
κλησίασα and ἐξεκκλησίασα, Dem. 577; Thuc. 
8, 9. 

All the manuscripts of Thucydides, except one, have 
ἐξεκκλησίασαν, with xx. According to Schneider, ἐξ- 
εκκλησίαζον comes from ἐξεκκλησιάζω, to meet in an assem- 
bly out of the usual place. These forms evidently follow 


the analogy of ἐνεγγυαόμην, ἐγεγγύησα, from ἐγγυάω, that is, 
they repeat the preposition. 


136 EXYO 


ἐχχρᾷ (ἐκ, yodw), Ionic for the common ἀπόχρη, 
fut. ἐχχρήσει, Herod. 3, 137: aor. ἐξέχρησε, 
Herod. 8,70. — : 

ἐλαύνω, sometimes ἐλάω Poetic, to drive, Odys. 10, 
83: fut. ἐλάσω (a), ἐλῶ, Herod. 1, 77; Xen. 
Cyr. 1, 4, 20: aor. ἤλᾶσα, Ken. Anab. 1, 10, 
15: perf. ἐλήλἄκα, Arist. Nub. 828: perf. pass. 

᾿ ἐλήλᾶμαι, and ἐλήλασμαι Tonic, Soph. Aj. 275; 
Hippocr. : pluperf. pass. ἐληλάμην and ἠληλάμην, 
Il. 4, 1355; 5, 400: aor. pass. ἡἠλάϑην (a), and 
ἠλάσϑην Ionic, Arist. Eccl. 4; Herod. 3, 54: 
aor. mid. ἡλασάμην transitive, Il. 681. Verbal 
éhatéos, Xen. Mag. Eq. 2, 7. 

élaqy, pres. infin. Epic, protracted from ἐλᾷν (ἐλάειν), 1]. 

5, 366; 13, 27. — ἐλόωσι, fut. 3 ρίαν, protracted from ἐλῶσι 
(ἐλάσουσι, ἐλάουσι), Il. 13, 315; Odys. 7, 319. — ἐλάασκον 

_ and ἐλάεσκον, imperf. iterative, Apol. 1, 733. 1156; 4, 
77. — ἐλάσασκε, aor. 3 sing. iterative, Il. 2, 199. — ἐληλά- 
μενος, perf. pass. part. with the accent on the antepenult, 
Arat. Phenom. 176.— ἐληλάδατο, pluperf. pass. 3 plur. 
Epic, for ἐλήλαντο, Odys. 7, 86; written also ἐρηρέδατο. 
Compare ἀκηχέδαται, from ἀκαχίζω. 


ἔλδομαι and ἐέλδομαι, to desire, Epic, Il. 5, 481 ; 
13, 638: imperat. 3 sing. ἐελδέσϑω passively, Il. 
16, 494: imperf. ἐελδόμην, Odys. 4, 162. 
We may suppose that its original form was ΕΓελδομαι, 
connected with βούλομαι, Latin volo, velle, English will. 


The second form ἐέλδομαν is analogous to ἐέλπομαν for ἔλπο- 
μαι, Which see, - 


ἐλέγχω, to examine, refute, confute, convict, fut. 
ἐλέγξω, Arist. Ran. 908: aor. ἤλεγξα, Eurip. 
Heracl. 404: perf. pass. ἐλήλεγμαι and ἤλεγμαι, 
Plat. Leg. 7,12; Dem. 496: aor. pass. nAéy- 
χϑην, Thuc. 3, 64. Verbal ἐλεγκτέος, Plat. Leg. 
10, 138. , 

ἐλελίζω (ἐλελεῦν), to raise a war-cry, to shout ἐλε- 
λεῦ, Xen. Anab. 1, 8, 18: aor. ἐλέλεξα, Call. 


Ἂς 


ἑλχῶ 137 


Del. 137. — Mid. ἐλελίζομαι, to mourn, Eurip. 
Hel. 1111; Arist. Av. 213. 

ἐλελίζω (ἑλίσσω), to twirl rapidly, to wheel around 
rapidly, cause to tremble, shake, Epic, Pind. 
Olym. 9, 21; Hom. Hym. 28, 9: aor. ἐλέλιξα, 
Il. 1, 530: aor. pass. ἐλελέχϑην as middle, Il. 5, 
497; 6, 109: aor. mid. ἐλελιξάμην, to whirl 
one’s self, coil one’s self, Il. 2, 316. 

ἐλέλικτο, imperf. or 2 aor. mid. 3 sing. syncopated, 1]. 
13, 558; 11, 39. 

EAETO2, EAYTOS2, EAON, see ἔρχομαι. 

ἑλίσσω or ἑλίττω, to roll, twirl, fut. ἑλίξω, Eurip. 
Phen. 711: aor. εἵλιξα, Xen. Ages. 2, 11: perf. 
pass. εἵλιγμαε, later ἐλήλιγμαι, Hes. Theog. 791: 
aor. pass. εἱλίχϑην, Eurip. Taur. 444. — Mid. 
ἑλίσσομαι, to roll or turn one’s self, Il. 8, 340: 
fut. ἑλίξομαι, Il. 17, 728: aor. εἱλιξάμην, Il. 12, 
408; 13, 204. — See also εἱλέσσω. 

Its original form was Fedioow, hence γελέξαι, γελέχη, in 
Hesychius. Compare <iiw. 

Elxéo, for ἕλκω, imperf. ἕλκεον, Il. 17, 395: fut. 
ἑλκήσω, Il. 22, 336: aor. ἥλκησα, Odys. 580; 
Il. 17, 558: aor. pass. part. ἑλκηϑείς, Il. 22, 62. 

ἕλκω and “EAKY2, to draw, attract, pull, fut. 
ἕλξω, ἑλκύσω, Arist. Eq. 710; Hippocr.: aor. 
etAxvoa, later, eiAga, Arist. Νὰ. 540; Orph. 
Argon. 260: perf. stAxvxa, Dem. 60: perf. pass. 
εἵλκυσμαι, Thuc. 6, 50: aor. pass. εἱλκύσϑην, 
Arist. Eccl. 688. Verbal éAxvotéos, Xen. Ages. 
9, 4.— Mid. ἕλκομαι transitively, Il. 17, 136; 
1, 210: imperf. εἱλκόμην, Odys. 19, 506: aor. 
εἱλκυσάμην, Anthol. 7, 287. 

εἱλκῦσα, ἑλκύσωσι (Ὁ), Il. 17, 558, now read ἑλκήσουσι 
from ἑλκέω " infin. ἑλκῦσαι, Herod. 7, 167: part. ἑλκύσα»ν- 
τες (Ὁ), Apol. 1, 955. - 


The original theme was Εελκω or FEAAMN, hence 
12* 


7 


138 ᾿ς ξλπῶ 


γέλλαι, in Hesychius, Compare Latin vello, vellico, sulcus 
(ὁλκός), English pull. 

ἔλπω, to cause to hope, give hope, Epic, Odys. 
2,91: 2 perf. ἔολπα as present middle, J hope, 
I]. 20, 186: 2 pluperf. ἐώλπειν as imperfect mid- 
dle, I hoped, was hoping, Il. 19, 328. — Mid. ἔλ- 
πομαι and ἐέλπομαι, lo hope, expect, Il. 7, 199; 
10, 105; Herod. 2, 11; opt. ἐελποίμην, Il. 8, 
196: imperf. ἐλπόμην and ἐελπόμην, 1]. 10, 355; 
12, 407. — In Attic prose ἐλπίζω, to hope. 

The original form was Feiao, Εελπομαι, ἐξ ελπομαι" 
compare γέτις (ἐλπίς), in Hesychius ; also Hedaid, that is 
ἑλπιδ, for ἐλπίδ᾽, ἐλπίδα, in the Sigean inscription. Com- 
pare also the English help. 

_ éhosiv, see ἔρχομαι. 

EATYO2, see ἔρχομαι. 

EAYS2 (iho), Epic, aor. pass. ἐλύσϑην, was com- 
pressed, drawn up together, pushed, rolled, at- 
tached to, Il. 23, 393; Odys. 9, 433: part. ἐλυ- 
σϑείς, prostrate, crouching in the attitude of a 
suppliant, Il. 24, 510; stretched out, Apol. 1, 
1034.— See also εἰλύω. 


The original form was F£AT2. Compare the derivative 

yéhoutgoy, Latin volvo. Compare also εἴλω, ἑλίσσω. 

EAL, to roll, see εἴλω. 

‘EAR, to take, see aipéo. 

ἐμέω, to vomit, fut. ἐμέσω, ἐμέσομαι, ἐμοῦμαι, Hip- 
pocr.; Ausch. Eum. 730: aor. ἤμεσα (00), Epic 
also #unoa, Arist. Ach. 6; IL 14, 437; Hes. 
Theog. 497: perf. ἐμήμεκα later, Lucian. Lexiph. 

» §21: pluperf. gueuéxecy later, Diogen. Laert. 6, 
4: perf. pass. ἐμήμεσμαι later, Adlian. Var. Hist. 
13, 22. ~ . 


It is etymologically connected with the Latin vomo, 


ἐμπάζομαι, to care about, Epic, Il. 16, 50: impert. 
ἐμπαζόμην, Odys. 3, 553. 


Ever 139 


ἐμπολάω (ἐμπολή, ἐν, πωλέω), to traffic, buy and 
sell, Soph. Trach. 93: fut. ἐμπολήσω, Soph. Phil. 
303: aor. ἠμπόλησα, Arist. Pac. 563: perf. ἡμ- 
πόληκα;, later ἐμπεπόληκα, Soph. Aj. 978; Lu- 
cian. Catapl. 1: perf. pass. ἠμπόλημαι, Tonic 
ἐμπόλημαι, Soph. Antig. 1036; Herod. 1, 1. 

ἐναίρω (ENAPS), to .kill, Poetic, Il. 8, 296: 
2 aor. ἤναρον, Soph. Antig. 871; Pind. Nem. 
10, 27. — Mid. ἐναίρομαι, transitive, Il. 16, 92; 
Odys. 19, 263: aor. ἐνηράμην unaugmented, 1], 
5, 43. 

ἐναρίζω (ἔναρα), to slay, despoil, Poetic, fut. évagé- 
Ew, Il. 20, 339: aor. ἐνάριξα. unaugmented, and 
ἠνάρισα, Soph. Col. 1733; Anacr. Epigr. 15: 
perf. pass. ἠνάρισμαι, Soph. Aj. 26: aor. pass. 
ἠναρίσϑην, Aisch. Choéph. 347. 

évava, see ave, to kindle. 

ENETK£, see φέρω. ) 

ENEO, 2 perf. ἐνήνοθα, to sit, rest upon, only 
in composition, ἐπενήνοϑε, κατενήνοϑε, Epic, Il. 
2, 219; 10, 134; Hes. Scut. 269; Odys. 8, 
365 ; Hom. Hym. 3, 62; 4, 280. , 

The form ἐνήνοϑε is a new imperfect, as from eynvod wa, 

with the exception of two passages, Odys. 8, 365, and Hym. 
3, 62. Compare avyvoder, ἄρηρεν, Seidve, μέμαεν, ἐμέμηκον, 


τετεύχετον, from ANEOR, ἀραρίσκω, din, MAR, μηκάομαι, 
tevyw. — Apol, 4, 276, ἐπενήνοϑε, had elapsed, as time. 


ENEIKR, ΕΝΕ ΚΙ), see φέρω. 

ἐνέπω and ἐννέπω rarely ἐνίπτω (EUR, ENIMN, 
ENIZIHS2), to tell, say, Poetic, ll. 11, 643; 
Odys. 1, 1; Pind. Pyth. 4, 358; imperf. ἕνεπον 
and ἔννεπον, Call. Dion. 158; Pind. 1, 137: fut, 
éviwa and ἐνισπήσω, Odys. 2, 137; 5,98: 2 aor. 
ἕνισπον, éviona, ἐνίσποιμι, Evione, ἐνισπεῖν, 1], 2, - 
80; 11, 838; 14, 107. 470; Eurip. Sup. 435.— 
The present ἐνίπτω must not be confounded 
with ἐνίπτω, to chide. | 


140 Evnv 


Hes. Theog. 369, for ἐνίσπειν or ἐνισπεῖν, Goettling has 
ἐνενιπεῖν. 

According to Buttmann, the theme E772 became ΕΝ ΠΩ 
or EMM after the analogy of 740N (ΠΕΘ.), MENON 
(πέπονθα) ; XAIN, XANAN (κέχανδα) ; AABN, (AANBI) 

“ΑΜΒ, (ἐλάμῳφϑην). By inserting ε before 2, ENN be- 
came événw. — Observe that the Latin inguam has the same 
relation to EN or EMM, that quinque has to πέμπε. ---- 
Others suppose that it is compounded of the preposition ἐν 
and E72. But the form ἐννέπω (vv) goes against this hy- 
pothesis, inasmuch as it cannot be satisfactorily shown that 
ἐν in composition ever doubles the » ; compare εἰνάλιος, εἰνό- 
dios, (never ἐννάλιος, ἐννόδιος,) for ἐγάλιος, évddiog. Further, 
as ΕΠ, was FEM, the compound ἐνέπω, that is ev F exw, 
ought generally, if not always, to have a long antepenult. 

ἐνήνοϑα, see ENE OM. 

ἐνθεῖν, ἦνϑον, see ἔρχομαι. 

> Sa > ΄ ᾿ . 

ἐνθυμέομαι (ἔν, ϑυμός), to reflect upon, consider, 
fut. ἐνΘθυμήσομαι, Lysias, 415: perf. ἐντεϑύμη- 
wot actively, sometimes passively, Thuc. 1, 120; 
Plat. Cratyl. 45: aor. pass. ἐνεϑυμήϑην, Xen. 
Mem. 1, 1, 17. 
7 Αι 3 ἢ 

ἐνίπτω, to say, see ἐνέπω. 

évinta and ἐνίσσω (ENIH2, ENIIAI£), to 
chide, upbraid, reproach, Poetic, Ausch. Agam. 
590; Il. 15, 198: 2 aor. ἐνένιπτον or ἐνένισπον, 
written also évévizoy, Il. 15, 546; 23,473; also 
ἠνίπᾶπον (i), Il, 2,245. — Not to be confounded 
with ἐνίπτω, to say. 

We suppose, with Buttmann, that the theme EWI772 is 
connected with γεῖκος, νεικέω, and that it was formed from 
NIK after the analogy of ἐθέλω from ϑέλω, &c. 


ENIZTI2, see ἐνέπω. 

ἐννέπω, 566 ἐνέπω. 

ἕννῦμι and ἕἑννύω (EM), to put on another, to 
clothe, Poetic, fut. ἕσω (00), Odys. 15, 338: aor. 
Eaa (a0), ἕσσον, ἕσσαι, ἕσσας, 1]. 5,905; 16, 670; 
Odys. 14, 154. 396. — Mid. ἕννυμαι, to put on 
one’s self, clothe one’s self, Odys. 6, 28: imperf. 


EM AYU 14] 


ἑννύμην, Odys. 5, 229 : fut. ἕσομαι (oo), Pind. 
Nem. 11, 21: perf. εἶμαι and ἕσμαι, Odys. 19, 
72; 24, 250: pluperf. ἕσμην and ἑέσμην, Il. 3, 
57; 12, 464: aor. ἑσάμην (09), and ἑεσάμην, IL. 
20, 150; 10, 334. 23. 


eivvoy, καταείνυον, I covered, imperf. Epic, Il. 23, 135. 
— tivvad at, ἐπιείνυσϑαι, pres. infin. for ἐπιένγυσθαι, 
Herod. 4, θά. --- εἵατο, pluperf. mid. 3 plur. for εἶ εἶντο, I], 
18, 596. 

The original theme was FEM, hence γεῖϑρον, γέμματα, 
γεστία, γέστρα, γῆμα, βέστον Or βέττον. Compare Latin vesiis 
(ἐσθής), velum (1), English vest. 

ENOO2Q, to shake, agitate, hence the noun ἔνοσις, 
and the compounds ἐνοσίχϑων, ἐνοσίγαιος, εἶνο- 
σίφυλλον, formed with respect to the first com- 
ponent part (évoot-) after the analogy of δοκχησί- 
coos, δηξίϑυμος, ταραξικάρδιος. 

ἐνοχλέω (ἐν, ὄχλος), to annoy, vex, impert. ἡνώ- 
χλουν, Xen. Cyr. 5, 3, 56: fut. ἐνοχλήσω, Bion, 
16, 7: aor. ἠνώχλησα, Dem. 405: perf. Ἰνώχλη- 
κα, ἠνώχλημαι, Dem. 515. 242. 

ἐντέλλομαι, to enjoin, request, see τέλλω. 

ἐξακέσας, See ἀκέομαι. 

ἐόληται, ἐόλητο, see εἰλέω. 

ἑορτάζω, Ionic ὁρτάζω; to celebrate a festival, Herod. 
2, 60: imperf. ἑώρταζον, Isoc. 392: fut. ἑορτάσω, 
Herod. Vit. Hom. 29: aor. ἑώρτασα, éoptacat, 
Arist. Ach. 1079. 

ἐπαινέω, 568 αἰνέω. 

ἐπαινιῶ, 566 αἰνέω. 

ἐπαυρίσκω and ἐπαυρέω (ἐπί, ΑὙΤΡ,Ώ), to enjoy, 
hit, Poetic and Ionic, Theogn. 111; Hes. Op. 
417: 2 aor. ἐπαῦρον, ἐπαύρω, ἐπαυρεῖν, Pind. 
Pyth. 3, 65; Il. 13, 649; 11, 573. — Mid. 
ἐπαυρίσκομαι, to enjoy, have the advantage or 
disadvantage, to profit by, Il. 13, 733 : fut. ἐπαυρή- 
σομαι, Il. 6, 353: aor. ἐπαυράμην, ἐπαύρασϑαι, 


142 ἐπιμ 


Hippocr.: 2 aor. ἐπηυρόμην, ἐπαύρεο, Eurip. 

- Hel. 469; Il. 15, 17; Pind. Nem. 5, 89. 

ἐπιμέλομαι and ἐπιμελέομαι (ἐπί, wého), to take 
care of, care for, fut. ἐπιμελήσομαι, Xen. Cyr. 5, 
4,22: perf. pass. ἐπιμεμέλημαι, Thuc. 6, 41: 
aor. ἐπεμελήϑην, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 15: fut. pass. 
ἐπιμεληϑήσομαι equivalent to ἐπιμελήσομαι, Xen. 
Mem. 2, 7,8. Verbal ἐπιμελητέος, Xen. Mem. 
ἤν ἢ, 98, 

ἐπίσταμαι (EMIXTAQ), to know, understand, 
learn, inflected like ἵσταμαι in the present and 
imperfect, imperf. ἠπιστάμην, Soph. Col. 927: 
fut. ἐπιστήσομαι, Arist. Nub. 991: aor. ἠπιστή- 

ϑὴην, Herod. 3, 15. | 

ἐπίστᾳ Epic ἐπίστῃ, pres. ind. 2 sing. for ἐπίστασαι, 
fésch. Eum. 86; Theogn. 1081: subj. Ionic ἐπιστέωμαι 
for ἐπίστωμαι, Herod. 3, 184. ---ἡπιστέατο or ἐπιστέατο, 
imperf. 3 plur. Ionic for ἡπέσταντο, Herod. 8, 88. 97. — The 
accent of the present subjunctive and optative is thrown as 
far back as possible; as ἐπίστηται, ἐπίστησϑε, ἐπίστωνται" 
ἐπίσταιο, ἐπίσταιτο, ἐπίσταισϑε, ἐπίσταιντο. 

This verb is derived from the substantive ἘΠΙΣΤΗΣ 
(equivalent to ἐπιέστωρ, knower), compounded of ἐπί and 
IZTHS from 142. Compare εὐχετάομαι from εὐχέτης (εὔχο-- 
μαι), κλαστάω from κλάστης (χλάω, to break), ναιετάω from 
γνανέτης (ναίω) ; also ἀτέω and ἀτάομαι from ἄτη (AAS), δατέ-- 
ομαι from δατήρ (442), βωστρέω from βωστήρ (βοάω), ἐλα- 
στρέω from ἐλαστήρ (ἐλάω). But as 142 was originally 
F142, it is natural to suppose that the original form of éai- 
σταμαι Was ἐπι ισταμαι. In fact, the nouns ἐπιέστωρ, ἐπιί- 
ὅμων imply ἐπι ξιστωρ, ἐπι ιδμων. --ς Others consider 
it as a modification of ἐφίσταμαι from ἐφίστημι (ἐπὶ, ἵστημι), 
and compare it with the English understand (under, stand), 
German verstehen (stehen). It seems, however, that éxiota- 
pow is no more related to ἵσταμαν than polite is to πολίτης. 
— Others, by a series of arbitrary changes derive it from 
‘agus as follows; ἴσημι, pass. ἔσαμαι, by inserting τ before α, 
ἴσταμαι, hence ἐπέσταμαι. --- Buttmann, in. his Lexilogus, 
proposes a new theme beginning with 2, but not connected 
with πίστις (πεἰϑω). 


ἐπιτάσσω, 566 τάσσω. 


ἑπῶ 143 


ἐπιτέλλω, see τέλλω. 

ἐπιτόσσαι, SCE τυγχάνω. 

ἘΠ, to say, see EIMN, ἐνέπω. 

ἕπω, to be employed, be after any thing, Il. 6, 321: 
imperf. εἷπον, Xen. Mem. 2,:9, 53; Tl. 2. 207: 
2 aor. ἔσπον, σπεῖν, σπών, Herod. 1, 78. — Mid. 
ἕπομαι, to be after, simply to follow, impert εἷπό- 
μην, Thuc. 5, 60: fut. ἕψομαι, Soph. Aj. 814: 
2 aor. (ἐσπόμην) ἐπ-εσπόμην, σπώμαι, σποίμην, 
σποῦ, σπέσϑαι, σπόμενος, Pind. Pyth. 4, 237 ; 
Herod. 1, 32; Plat. Theet. 67; Eurip. Phen. 
426 ; Pind. Pyth. 4,. 70. — Mid. also ἕσπομαι 
(compare διδάσκω, Bid a εἴσκω), Odys. 4,826; 
Hom. Hym. 29, 12; subj. ἕσπωμαι, Pind. Olym. 
8, 155 opt. ἑσποίμην, Pind. Olym. 9,123; Pyth. 
10, 26 ; imperat. ἑσπέσϑω, Il. 12, 350; infin. 
ἕσπεσθαι, Pind. Isth. 5, 26: imperf. ἑσπόμην 
usually as aorist, Il, 3, 239; Soph. Trach. 563. 
— The compound περιέπω has also pass. περεέ- 
πομαι, to be handled, treated, impert. περιειπό- 
μην, Xen. Hel. 3, 1, 16: fut. περιέψομαι as 
passive, Herod. 2,-115; 7, 149: aor. περιέφθην, 
Herod. 6, 15. | 


ἕπεσκον, ἐφέπεσκον, μηρῶν iterative, Odys. 12, 330. 
—omneto, 2 aor, imperat. 2 sing. for σποῦ (onéo), Il. 10, 
285. —ionéo Dau, infin. from ἕσπομαι, with the accent on 
the penult (1), Il. 5, 423. 

The present ἕσπομαν is suspected by some critics, — 
The imperfect ἑσπόμην is usually considered a second 
aorist with the anomalous augment é- for @. The depend- 
ent moods ἕσπωμαι, ἑσποίμην, ἑσπέσϑω, ἕσπεσϑαι ΟΥ ἑσπέσϑαι, 
ἑσπόμενος are generally subjoined to ἑσπόμην. But the rough 
breathing of the augment; the necessity of admitting that — 
this augment remains through all the moods ; and the accent 
of the infinitive ἕσπεσϑαι (also ἑσπέσϑαι 1), seem to go against 
this arrangement. Further, the meaning of é ἑσπόμην and the 
dependent moods ἕυπωμαι, ἑσποίμην, &c. is not always 80- 
ristic. 

The mid. ἕπομαι is etymologically connected with the 


144 ἐραμ 


Latin sequor, English seek, French βαΐυγο. 6 active ἕπω 
may be connected with the Latin opus, opera. 

ἔρᾶμαι, Poetic for ἐράω, inflected like ἵσταμαι, Il. 
3, 446; Pind. Pyth. 11, 75: mpert. ηράμην, 
Pind. Pyth. 3, 34: aor. ἠρασάμην (oo), Il. 14, 
317; 20, 223. 


ἔρᾶται, subj. 3 sing. Doric, analogous to ἵστηται, δύνηται, 

Pind. Pyth. 4, 164: opt. éoaiuay, Doric, Pind. Pyth. 11, 76. 

— ἔρᾶται, indic, 8 sing. for ἔραται, Theoc. 2, 149. — ἐρ ἀ- 
ao Ss, imperf. 2 plur. protracted from ἐρᾶσϑε (jeden Se), Epic, 
Il. 16, 206. 

ἐράω («), to love, desire, be passionately fond of, 
Bion, 16, 8: imperf. noaov, Xen. Ages. 3, 1: 
aor. pass. ἠράσθην as active, Soph. Aj. 967: fut. 
pass. ἐρασθήσομαι as active, Adsch. Kum. 852. 
— Pass. rer to be loved, not very common, 
Xen. Conv. 8, 3; Eurip. Troad. 1052. — See 
also Epamat. 

éoda, only in composition, Hepda, to pour out, 
Athen. 6, 94: aor. ἐξήρᾶσα, Arist. Vesp. 993 ; 
Ach. 341. 

ἐργάζομαι (ἔργον, EPI), to work, do, imperf. 
εἰργαζόμην : fut. ἐργάσομαι, Soph. Aj. 109: perf. 
εἴργασμαι actively or passively, Arist. Plut. 1113; 
Soph. Tyr. 1369: aor. pass... eleydotny always 
passive, Xen. Mem. 1, 4, 5: aor. mid. εἰργασά- 
μην. Thuc. 3, 39. 

ἔργνυμι (ἔργω), ἐσέργνυμι, for εἵργνυμι, εἰσείργνυμι, 
Herod. 4, 69: imperf. ἐέργνυν, Odys. 10, 238. 

EPI, to do, see ἔρδω. 

ἔργω, the theme of εἵργνυμι, to shut in, confine, not 
found in the present, fut. ἕρξω, ξυνέρξω, Soph. 
Aj. 598 : aor. ἔρξα or ἕρξα, Odys. 14, 411; 
Herod. 3, 136: perf. pass. ἔργμαι, Hom. Hym. 
2, 123: aor. pass. ἔρχθην, Il. 21, 282. — See 
also ἐέργω. 

ἔρχαται, perf, pass. 3 plur. (for ἐρχνται), Epic, Il. 16, 


‘om 145 


481; Odys. 10, 283. --ἔρχατο, pluperf. pass. $.plur. Epic, 
Il. 17, 954, 

ἔργω (EPI‘AON), the original form οἵ εἔργω, to 
shut out, exclude, debar, prevent, Herod. 3, 48; 
Odys. 3, 296: aor. ἔρξα, in composition ὄκδρδα, 
Herod. 2, 124: perf. pass. ἔργμαι, ἄπεργμαι, 
‘Herod. 2, 99 : 2 aor. ἔργαϑον, Il. 11, 437: 2 aor. 
mid. ἐργαϑόμην, ἐργάϑου, transitive, Esch. Eum. 
566: fut. mid. ἔρξομαι as passive, Soph. Tyr.. 
890. — See also ἐέργω. 

It seems to be etymologically connected with the Latin 


arceo. As to ἀρκέω, it probably has little-or no relation to. 
ἔργω and arceo. See also ἀλέξω. 


ἕρδω and ἔρδω (EPI'2), to do, sacrifice, Poetic 
and Ionic, Il. 10, 503; Adsch. Sept. 233: im-. 
perf. ἕρδον and ἔρδον, Il. 1, 315; Herod. 9, 103:: 
fut. ἔρξω, Soph. Phil. 1406; aor. ἔρξα, Ausch. 
Sept. 924: 2 perl. ἔοργα, Il. 2, 272: 2 pluperf.. 
ἐώργειν, Lonic ἐόργεα, Odys. 4, 693; Herod. 1,.- 
127. — See also ῥέζω. 


ἔρδεσκον, imperf. iterative, Odys. 13, 350. - --- ἔοργᾶν,. 
2 perf. 9 plur. for ἐόργᾶσι, Hom. Batr. 179 ; with the ending: 
of the first aorist. 

The original theme was FE PT.2, hence ἔαρ γον, in the 
Elean inscription ; ; γαβεργός, in Hesychius, Compare Eng-. 
lish work, German Werk, 


ἐρεείνω (ἐρέω), to ask, Epic, Il. 6, 14 : imperf. 
ἐρέεινον, Odys. 4, 137.— Mid. ἐρεείνομαε as. 
active, Odys. 17, 305. 

ἐρείδω, io prop, fut. ἐρείσω, Call.. Del. 234: aor.. 
ἤρεισα, Soph. Antig.. 1236: aor. pass. nostodny: 
as middle, Il. 7, 145. — Mid. ἐρείδομαι, to lean 
upon, ll. 14, 38: perf. merry and ἐρήρεισμαι,. 
Plat. Loc. 5; Herod. 4, 162: aor. ἠρεισάμην,. 


Il. 5, 309. 


ἐρηρέδαται and ἐρήρεινται, perf. mid. 3 plur. Epic, II. 
23, 284; Apol. 2, 320: pluperf. 3 plur. ἐρηρέδατο andi 
13 


146 EQEL 


NONOELYTO, Odys. 7,95; Apol. 3,° 1997. ---ἠρήρεισται, 
perf. mid. 3 sing. Orph. Argon. 1142: pluperf. 8. sing. 
ἡψήρεεστμ; I]. 3, 358. 


ἐρείκω᾽ (EPIKL), to rend, tear, burst, break in 
pieces, aor. nossa, Arist. Vesp. 649 ; frag. 88 ; 
also ἤριξα, Hippocr. : perf. pass. ἐρήριγμαι, Hip- 
pocr.: 2 aor. ἤρικον, Soph. frag. 184; ἤρικον is 
commonly intransitive, to be rent, tor n, burst, 
broken in pieces, Il. 17, 295. 

It may possibly be connected with “Par, the theme of 

ῥήγνυμι. (Compare ἐρεέπω, from ῥίπτω.) 

ἐρείπω (EPIL), to cast down, overthrow, fut. 
ἐρείψω, Xen. Cyr. 7, 4, 1: aor. ἤρειψα, Pind. 
Pyth. 4, 469: perf. pass. ἐρήρειμμαι later: plu- 
perl. pass. 3 sing. ἐρέριπτο, 1]. 14, 15: 2 aor. 
ἤριπον intransitive, lo fall down, ll. 5, 47: 2 aor. 
pass. part. ἐριπέντι, Pind. Olym. 2, 76: 2 perf. 
ἐρήριπα; intransitive, to have fallen, Il. 14, 55: 
aor. mid. ΕΡΜΗΣ κα δὴν impelled upwards, 
carried off, Odys. 1, 


It is probably pela si δίπτω, 6:77. 


ἐρεύγομαι, Epic and Ionic for ἐρυγγάνω, 1]. 15, 
621: fut. ἐρεύξομαι, Hippocr.: perf. ἔρευγμαι, 
Hippocr. — See also ἐρυγγάνω. 

ἐρεύϑω and ἐρυϑαίνω (EPYOSL2), also ἐρυθραίνω 
(ἐρυθρός), to redden, 1]. 11,394; 10,484; Xen. 
Cyr. 1, 4, 4: aor. ἔρευσα, ἐρεῦσαι, and ἐρύθηνα, 
Il. 18, 329; Apol. 1, 791: 2 aor. pass. opt. 
ἐρευθείην, Hippoer. 

Etymologically connected with the English red, ruddy, 
German roth, and perhaps with the Latin ruber. For the 
commutation of ϑ, b, and d, compare ovdag, Latin uber, 
Ἡραῖα udder. | 

ἐρέω, to ask, Epic, Il. 7, 128; not to be confounded 
with ἐρέω, the future of εἴρω, to say. — Mid. 
ἐρέομαι as active, Il. 1, 332, 


E000 | 147 


ἐρείομεν, subj. 1 plur. Epic for ἐρέωμεν, Il. 1, 62: 
perat. ἔρειο (égéeo), for the common ἐροῦ, 1]. 11, 611. 

ἐριδαίνω and ἐριδμαίνω, for ἐρίζω, Il. 1, 574; 
Theoc. 12, 31: aor. ἐρέδηνα, Apol. 1, 89: aor. 
mid. infin. ἐριδήσασθαι as active, 1]. 23, 792. — 
Il. 16, 260, ἐριδμαίνω, to provoke. 

ἐρίζω, to contend, quarrel, fut. ἐρίσομαι, Odys. 4, 
80: aor. ἤρισα, Xen. Ages. 1, 5.— Mid. ἐρίζο- 
μαι as active, Pind. Isth. 4, 49 : perf. ἐρήρισμαι 
as present, Hes. frag. 152. 

EPOMAI, to ask, question, fut. ἐρήσομαι, Xen. 
Hel. 4, 5, 6: 2 aor. ἠρόμην, ἔρωμαι, ἐροίμην, 
ἐροῦ, Fosedan; ἐρόμενος, Eurip. Orest.. 874 ; 
Soph. Phil. 576. The rest is borrowed from 
ἐρωτάω. --- See also εἴρομαι, to ask. 


As the 2 pers. of the subjunctive of this verb is found 
after μή in prohibitions, it is clear that the dependent moods 
belong to the aorist ἠρόμην, and not to ‘the present KPOMAIL. 
Arist. Ran. 434-5, μηδὲν μακρὰν andi dnc, μη δ᾽ αὖϑις 
ἐπανέρῃ με. 


ἑρπύζω, for ἕρπω, Il. 23, 225: aor. ἘΠΙΣΤΆΣ, Avot. 
Ran. 488 ; part. ἑρπύσας (Ὁ), Theoe. 22, 15. 

ἕρπω, to creep, crawl, imperf. εἷρπον, Soph. Tyr. 
83: fut. ἕρψω, Esch. Eum. 500. 


Etymologically connected with the Latin serpo. Com- 
‘pare EG bw. 


35,9».., ς 


ἔῤῥω (EPR), to go away, go to destruction, perish, 
fut. ἐῤῥήσω, Arist. Vesp. 1329: aor. ἤῤῥησα, 
Arist. Ran. 1192; also ἔρσα, ἀπόερσα, causative, ~ 
to force or sweep away, wash or hurry away, 
Il. 6, 348; 21, 283. 329: perf. ἤῤῥηκα, sings 
Thesm. 1075. 


The original theme was FEP or Fegew, hence βέῤῥης, 
βαῤᾷῥεῖ, βεῤῥεύει, in Hesychius; βέρης, βερηδεύει, in the Ety- 
mologicum Magnum. — The Epic ἀποέρσῃ (u --—), ἀπο-- 
goose (υ -- — — vu) were probably απὸ FFecon, amo F F ég- 
σειξ, respectively, — In its usual acceptation it corresponds 


148 7 ερυγ 


with the Latin erro; as a causative verb, it seems to be 
connected with verro (to sweep away). 


ἐρυγγάνω (EPYT'S2), to eruct, disgorge, Eurip. 

Cycl. 523: 2 aor. ἤρυγον, Arist. Vesp. 913. 
It is an onomatopy, etymologically connected with the 

᾿ Latin erugo, ructo. 3 

ἐρυθαίνω and ἐρυϑραίνω, see ἐρεύϑω. 

govxave and ἐρύκαναω, for ἐρύκω, Odys. 10, 429 ; 
Ι, 199. 

ἐρύχω (ΕΡΥΚΑ͂ ΚΙΔῚ, long v, to keep back, detain, 
impede, Poetic, fut. ἐρύξω, Il. 8, 178: aor. ἤἦρυξα, 
Xen. Anab. 5, 8,.25: 2 aor. yovxdxor (Ὁ), Il. 5, 
321. — Mid. ἐρύκομαι as active, Theogn. 1207. 

ἐρύω (v) to draw, pull, Epic. imperf. ἔρον, 1]. 12, 
258: fut. ἐρύω (@); without the o, Il. 11, 454; 
15, 351: aor. ἔρυσα (oc), Il. 1, 4595; 10, 490; 
Odys. 8, 51. — Mid. ἐρύομαι, to drow io one’s 
self, to dratw, move, rescue, deliver, protect, guard, 
imperf. ἐρυόμην, Il. 6, 405: ‘fut. ἐρύσομαι (a0), 
Odys. 21, 125; also ggvouae without the o, Il. 
14, 422: aor. égvoduny (oc), 1]. 1, 466; 4, 530. 
— The forms εἴρνον, εἴρυσα, ἐἔρυμαι, ἐἴσύσααι, 
εἰρύμην, εἰρύσϑην, and εἰρυσάμην are referred to 
εἰρύω. 
᾿ ἔρῦται, pres. mid, 3 sing. from EPrmuys, Apol. 2, 1208: 
infin. ἔρυσϑαι, Odys. 5, 484. - ἔρῦσο; imperf. mid. 2 sing. 
likewise from EPYMI, Tl. 22, 507; 3 sing. ἔρῦτο, Il. 4, 
138; 3 plur. ἔρυντο, Theoc. 25, 76. — Hes. Theog. 304, 
ἔρὕτο as aorist is passive, was confined, watched, — ἐρύ- 
σασκε, aor. iterative, I]. 10, 490. 

The Latin servo seems to be parent of ἐρύω and ῥύομαι. 

Compare solvo, λύω, and sorbeo, ῥοφέω. 

ἔρχομαι (EAETOR, EAYOR, EA AN), to come, 
80, fut. ἐλεύσομαι, Adsch. Prom. 854: 2 aor. 
naviov Poetic, Il. 1, 152; commonly ἤλϑον, 
ἔλϑω, ἔλθοιμι, ἐλϑέ, ἐλϑεῖν, ἐλθών, to come: 
2 perf. ἐλήλυϑα, Epic εἰλήλουθα rarely ἤλυϑα, 


εσϑι 149 


ἐληλυϑοίην, Soph. Trach. 7; Xen. Cyr. 2, 4, 
17; Il. 1, 202; Hes. Theog. 660; part. Epic 
εἰληλουϑώς and ἐληλουϑώς, Odys. 19, 28; Il. 
15, 81. : 

Of the full form of the second aorist only ἤλυϑον, ἤλυϑες, 
ἤλυϑε are found. As to ἠλύϑομεν in Goettling’s Hesiod 
(Theog. 660), it is usually edited ἡλύϑαμεν. ---εἰλήλουϑμεν, 
2 perf. 1 plur. syncopated, Epic, for ἐληλύϑαμεν, 1]. 9, 49. 
— Also ἐλήλυμεν for ἐληλύϑαμεν, and ἐλήλυτε for ἐληλύ- 
Sate, Hephest. 1, 3.— ἦνϑ ον; 2 aor. Doric for ἤλϑον, 
Theoc. 1, δ0 : subj. iow, opt. ἔλσοιμι, part. ἐλσών, Laconian 
for 21390, ἔλϑοιμι, ἐλϑύίν, Arist. Lys. 105, 118. 1081. 

_ The present ἔρχεομαι is a modification of HAO. For 
the commutation of 4 and 9, see ἀλέξω. For the change of 
3d into χ, compare ὄρνιϑες, ὄρνιχες * ΠΑΘΩ, πάσχω. 

EPL, see εἴρω, ἔρομαι, and ἐῤῥω. 

ἐρώ, see εἴρω, to tell; also ἐρέω, to ask. 

ἐρωέω (ἐρωή, ῥέω), to flow, move, hasten, give way, 
desist, Epic, Il. 2, 179: fut. ἐρωήσω, 1]. 1, 303: 
aor. ἠρώησα, Il. 23, 433; opt. 2 plur., ἐρωήσαιτε 
causative, cause to give way, drive back, 1]. 13, 
57.— Theoc. 13, 74, ἐρώησε, forsook, left, fled 
from. 

ἐσθημένος, Ionic for noFnuévos. | 

ἐσθίω, sometimes ἔσθω and ἔδω (BAIL), to eat, 
I]. 24, 213; Odys. 9, 75: fut. ἔδομαι, later 
ἐδοῦμαι and φάγομαι -eoa, Arist. Nub. 129; 
Athen. 8, 23: perf. ἐδήδοκα, Xen. Anab. 4, 8, 
20; Athen. 7, 71: perf. pass. ἐδήδεσμαι, Epic 
ἐδήδομαι, Plat. Phedo, 137; Odys. 22, 56: 
aor. pass. ἠδέσθην, Athen. 12,58: 2 perf. ἔδηδα 
Epic, Il. 17, 542: 2 aor. ἔφαγον, Xen. Anab. 
4, 8, 20. rr 

ἔδμεναι, pres. infin. Epic, syncopated for ἐδέμεναι (Zev), 
Il. 4, 345. — φαγέοις, 2 aor. opt. 2 sing. almost barbarous 
for φάγοις, Phocylid. 13, 145. 

The form on by annexing ϑὼ (for the usual 


150 £070 


£9 Or.a9w) to the root of ἔδω " thus 2-Iw, ἔσ-ϑω. --- The 
usual form ἐσθίω is a prolongation of ἔσϑω. 

Its original form was Fedo, hence γέσμα, in Hesychius ; 
compare γεύω, PAT. It is etymologically connected with 
the Latin edo, English eat, feed (fed), food, fodder, Saxon 
hitan, fedan. ) 

ἕσπομαι, see Exo. | 

ἑστήκω (ἵστημι, ἕστηκα), to stand, rare, Hippocr. de 
Aer. ὃ 25; Athen. 10, 4. For ἑστήξω, ἑστήξο- 
μαι, 868 ἵστημι... « ; 

ἑστιάω (ἑστία), to give an entertainment, entertain, 
feast, fut. ἑστιάσω (ἃ), Athen. 8, 57: aor. εἱστίά- 
oa, Arist. Nub. 1212: perf. etoridxa, Dem. 565: 
aor. pass. εἱστιάθην (a), Dem. 400. — Mid. éote- 
cowat, to feast, make merry, intransitive, Arist. 
Vesp. 1218: fut. ἑστιάσομαι, Athen. 1, 14: perf. 
etotiauat, Herod. 5, 20. 

EX'S, to be, see εἰμί, 

evade, see ἀνδάνω. 

evda, to sleep, imperf. εὗδον and ηὗδον, Eurip. 
Rhes. 769 ;-Plat. Conv, 29: fut. εὐδήσω, Ausch. 

 Agam. 337... 

εὐεργετέω (εὐεργέτης), to do good, to benefit, im- 
perf. εὐηργέτεον and εὐεργέτεον, Xen. Ages. 4, 45; 
Apol. 26: fut. εὐεργετήσω, Xen. Mem. 2, 6, 7: 
aor. εὐηργέτησα and εὐεργέτησα, Lysias, 329 ; 
Isoc. 52: perf. εὐηργέτηκα and εὐεργέτηκα, Ly- 
‘curg. 233; Dem. 467: perf. pass. εὐηργέτημαι 
and εὐεργέτημαι, Xen. Mem. 2, 2, 3; Dem. 
478. 4609. Verbal εὐεργετητέος, Xen. Mem. 2, 

vgs Oe } 

εὐνάω (evvyn), to put to bed, put to sleep, Epic and 
Ionic for εὐνάζω, fut. εὐνήσω, Anthol. 10, 26: 
‘aor. εὔνησα, Odys. 4, 440: aor. pass. εὐνήθην, 
rarely εὐνέθην, as middle, Herod. 6, 69; Hip- 
pocr. — Mid. εὐνάομαι, to sleep, Soph. Col. 
1571. 


᾿ Evo 151 


vee (ETP2), to find, fut. εὑρήσω, Thue. 5, 
: perf. εὕρηκα; εὑρήκοιμι, Soph. Tyr. ὅ46; 
Heroll 1, 44: perf. pass. εὕρημαι, Soph. Aj. 615: 
aor. pass. εὑρέθην, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 40: 2 aor. 
εὗρον, Thuc. 4, 44. Verbal eveytéos, Arist. 
Nub. 728.— Mid. εὑρίσκομαι, to _Sfind for one’s 
self, Xen. Anab. 2, 1, 8: fut. εὑρήσομαι, Xen. 
Anab. 5, 8, 22: perf. ,εὕρημαι, Dem. 1280: 2 
aor. evgduny, later εὑράμην, Thuc. 5, 32; Apol. 
4, 1133; Call. Epigr. 48. 
εὔχομαι, to pray, boast, imperf. ηὐχόμην and εὐχό- 
μὴν, Xen. Cyr. 3, 2, 15; Anab. 1, 4,.2 Ant: 
εὔξομαι, Eurip. Andr. 1105: perf. ηὔγμαι, Plat. 
Phedr. 147: pluperf. . ηὔγμην, Soph. Trach. 
610: aor. ηὐξάμην and εὐξάμην, Eurip. Aul. 
1603; Taur. 21 ; Odys. 3,45. Verbal evxtéos, 
Hippocr. 
evxto, 2 aor. mid. syncopated, Epic; Hom. frag. 2, 15. 


evo, lo roast, singe, Odys. 2 , 300: aor. εὗσα, Odys. 
9, 389 : perf. pass. εὖμαι, ἤφευμαι, Athen. 9,17: 
aor. pass. εὐϑείς, ἀφευϑείς, in Suidas. 

ἐχϑαίρω (EXOAP2), to hate, aor. ἤχϑηρα, Soph. 
Phil. 59 ; Eurip. Here. 1087: fut. mid. éyPagov-— 
leat as passive, Soph. Antig. 93. Verbal ἐχϑαρ- 
téos, Soph. Aj. 679 (written also ἐχϑραντέος). 

ἐχϑοδοπῆσαι (ἐχϑοδοπός), lo have a noisy conten- 
tion with, a defective aor. inf. found only once, 
Il..T,-518. 

ἔχϑω, to hate, Poetic, aes, only in the present, 
Soph. Aj. 459.— Pass. ἔχϑομαι, Adsch. Agam. 
417: imperf. nyFouny, Odys. 14, 366. — See 
also ἀπεχϑάνομαι. 


It seems to be etymologically connected with the English 
hate. 


ἔχω (ἜΧΩ, XEN, ΣΧΗ͂ΜΙ, TXEOQ), to 
have, impert. εἶχον, fut ἕξω and σχήσω, Xen. 


152 Ewa 


_ Anab. 3, 5,11; Soph. Elec. 223: perf. ἔσχηκα, 
Plat. Apol. 5: perf. pass. ἔσχημαι, Dem. 1204: 
aor. pass. ἐσχέϑην, Eurip. Dan. 6. 27: 2 aor. 
ἔσχον, σχῶ, σχοίην, σχές, σχεῖν, σχών, Xen. Hel. 
4,6, ὅ; Cyr. 7.1, 36; Il. 21, 309; Soph. Elec. 
1013; Thue. l, 9; Odys. 1, 157; also ἔσχεθον 
Poetic, σχέθω, ἀρξδσιμὰ σγέθε, ᾿αὐέθειν; σχέθων, 
Il. 12, 184; Arist. Lys. 425; Eurip. Rhes. 602 ; 
Odys. 8, 537 3 /isch. Prom. 16; Pind. Pyth. 
6, 19: perf. part. (ὀχωκώς) συνοχωχώς Epic, 
found only once, 1]. 2, 218. Verbal éxzéos and 
σχετέος, Arist. Ach. 259; Plat. Phedr. 196. --- 
Mid. ἔχομαι, to hold one’s self, endure, get hold 
of, hold by, border upon, imperf. etyouny: fut. 
ἕξομαι and σχήσομαι, Xen. Anab. 7, 6, 41; Il. 
9, 235: perf. ἔσχημαι, Xen. rats "”, 6, 11: 
2 aor. ἐσχόμην, σχώμαι, σχοίμην, σχοῦ, σγχέσθαι, 
σχόμενος, Soph. Tyr. 1387; sometimes used 
passively, as Herod. 1, 31; Odys. 3, 284. 

εἴχεε, imperf. 3 sing. Ionic for εἶχε, Herod. 1, 118. — 
σχεϑέειν, 2 aor. infin, Epic for σχέϑειν, Il. 23, 466. — Xen. 
Anab. 3, 4,2, διάσχῃ, paroxytone, is referred to διέσχον " 
but δανν, perispomenon, the other reading, must be re- 
ferred to the assumed theme »xzmz, whence also σχές. -- 
ἐπώχατο, were closed or defended, 11. 12, 340. It seems to 
be a pluperf. pass. 3 plural, Ionic as to form, from ET0XN, 
compounded of ἐπὶ and OX, whence also ὄχος. Compare 
συγνοχωκώς. 

The original form was ἝΧΙΩ, with the rough breathing ; 
hence fut. ἕξω, and the derivatives ἕξις, ἑχτέος, ἑξῆς, καϑεκτός 
(κατά, ἑκτός). But see Rem. §§ 5. 1 (ΣΕ LX): 24.— Those 
who class ἔχω with the Latin veho virtually connect it with 
ἄγω to which veho seems to be related. 

iyo (ἘΠ, πέπτω), to cook, boil, imperf. ἦψον, 
fut. ἑψήσω, ἑψήσομαι, Athen. 1, 62; Plat. Rep. 
2,13: aor. #wyoa, rarely Awa, συνῆψα, Arist. 
frag. 355 ; Athen. 9, 73: perf. pass. ἥψημαι, 
Herod. 1, 188: aor. pass. ἡψήϑην, Athen. 3, 58. 


ἕψεε, imperf. 3 sing. Ionic for ἦψε, Herod. 1, 48. — ἐψ οὔ- 


ζενν. 153 


σι, "ἐκ dole pres, 3 plar. implying ἑψέω, mehegson, Xen. 

Kq. 9, 6 

ES2, to be. see εἰμί. 

BR, lo clothe, put on, see ἕννυμι. 

“ES, to send, see ἵημι, ἕξω. 

“ER, to seat, place, cause to sit, set, 801... εἶσα or 
ἕσα (00), εἷσον, ἕσαι (60), ἕσας and stoas, Il, 2, — 
549; 13, 657; Odys. 7, 163; Pind. Pyth. 4, 
486 ; 5, 54; Odys. 10, 361; Herod. 3, 126. — 
Mid. fut. εἵσομαι and ἕσομαι (oc), lo seat one’s 
self, to sit, Apol. 2, 807; 1]. 9, 455: perf. ἧμαι 
as present, fo sit, ἧσο, ἦσϑαι, ἥμενος, 1]. 19, 345 5 
3, 406; 1, 134; Eurip. Sup. 355: pluperf, ἥμην 
as imperfect, sal, was sitting, I]. 9, 190: aor. e- 
σάμην and ἑσάμην (σσ), “ἑεσσάμην, transitive, to 
place, erect, build, ἕσσαι. εἱσάμενος and écoduevos, 
Pind. Pyth. 4, 363° Odys. 15, 277; 14, 295; 
Thuc. 3, 58 ; Herod. 1, 66. — See also κάϑη. 
μαι, (veo. 

fata. and εἵαται, perf. mid. 3 plur. for ἦνται, I. 3, 134; 
10, 100.— gato and εἵατο, pluperf. mid. 3 plur. for ἦντο, 
Il. , 414; 3, 149. 


The original theme was F £2, hence pres. mid. imperat. 
2 sing. γένγου, in Hesychius, See also oud. 


ἕωνται, See ἀφέωνται, ἀφίημι. 


Ζ. 


ζάω (ΖΗ ΜΠ), to live, imperat. ζῇ, ζηϑι, infin. ζῇν, 
Soph, Antig. 1169; Anthol. 11, 57: imperf. ἔζα- 

ov, and ἔζην only in the first person singular, 
Soph. Elec. 323 ; Eurip. Alc. 295 : fut. joo and 
ζήσομαι, Arist. Plut. 263 ; Dem. 794 : aor. ἔζησα, 
Anthol. 7, 470. ' 


The forms ἔζης and 1 iy (contracted from ἔζαες, as) of the 
imperfect suggested ΖΗ͂Ι, whence the imperative oI and 
the new imperfect ἔζην. 


ζέννυμι and ζεννύω, later for fée transitive. 


154 ζευγ 


ζεύγνῦμι and ζευγνύω (ZEYT2, ZY), to join, 
_ yoke, Xen. Cyr. 8, 5, 1: fut. ζεύξω, Asch. 
Agam. 1640: aor. ἔζευξα, Thuc. 1, 29: perf. pass. 
ἔζευγμαι, Xen. Anab. 1, 2,5: aor. pass. eevy ny, 
Soph. Antig. 947: aor. pass. ἐζύγην, Soph. Tyr. 
826. — Mid. ζεύγνυμαι transitively, ζεύξομαι, 
. ἐζευξάμην, Odys. 3, 492; Eurip. Sup. 1229; 
~ Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 51. 
ζευγνῦμεν, pres. infin. Epic for ξευγνύναι, Il. 16, 145. 
Compare διδοῦναι, τιϑήμεναι, from δίδωμι, τίϑημι. 
It is. etymologically connected with the Latin jungo, 
jugum, English join, yoke. 
ζέω, to boil, commonly intransitive, fut. ζέσω, Asch. 
Prom. 370: aor. ἔζεσα, Eurip. Cycl. 392; Herod. 
1, 59: perf. pass. ἔζεσμαι, Hippocr.: aor. pass. 
ἐζέσϑην later. . 
ζόω, rare for ζάω, imperf. ζόεν (ἔζοεν), Anthol. 13, 
21, 
ζώννυμι and ζωννύω (ZO), to gird, fut. ζώσω, aor. 
ἔζωσα, Arist. Thesm. 255: perf. ἔζωκα, Anthol. 
9, 778 : perf. pass. ἔζωσμαι, Thuc. 1, 6. — Mid. 
ζώννυμι reflexive, Il. 11, 15: aor. ἐζωσάμην, Il. 
14, 181. 
tao, Epic and Ionie for fda, to live, Il. 16, 15: 
imperf. ἔζωον, Herod. 4, 112: aor. ἔζωσα rare, 
Herod. 1, 120. 


Η. 


nde (ἥβη), to be at the age of puberty, be vigor- 
ous, Thuc. 3, 36; also ἡβάσκω, to be approach- 
ing the age of puberty, Xen. Anab. 4, 6, 1: fut. 
ἡβήσω, Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 12: aor. ἥβησα, Eurip. 
Alc. 654: perf. 78nxa, Thuc. 2,44. — 
ἡβώοιμι, pres. opt. 1 sing. Epic protracted from ἡβῷμι 
(ἡβάοιμι), Il. 7, 157. Compare δρώοιμι from δράω. 


ἡγέομαι (ἄγω), to lead, consider, think, fut. ἡγήσο- 


nue 155 


μαι, Thuc. 5, 40: perf. ἥγημαι, Eurip. Phoen. 
550; in the sense to consider, it has the force of 
the present ; part. yynuévos (Doric aynuévos), ac- 
tively or passively, Dem. 1072; Herod. 1, 207; 
ape de Aer. ὃ 34; 3 sing. διήγηται passive- 
ly, has been related, Antiph. 620. 

ἠγερέϑομαι and ἠγερέομαι (ἀγείρω), to be collected, 
assemble, intransitive, Epic, Il. 3, 2315; 10, 127: 
imperf. ἡγερεϑόμην, I]. 2, 304. 

ἥδω (ἀνδάνω, AA), to please, very rare in the 
active; part. neut. plur. ἥδοντα, pleasures, Plat. 
Ax, 5. — Mid. ἥδομαι, to be —— delighted, 
take pleasure in, Xen. Cyr. 8, 4, aor. pass. 

 ἤσϑην as middle, Arist. Ay. 680; fut. pass. 
ἠσϑήσομαι as middle, Soph. Tyr. 453: aor. mid. 
ἡσάμην rare, Odys. 9 9, 353. 

Athen. 8, 26, ἧσται, by some referred to this verb, seems 

to belong to ἧμαι, to sit, 

ἠερέθομαι (ἀείρω), to hang, move, be unsteady, in- 
transitive, Epic, Il. 3, 108: imperf. ἠερεθόμην, 1]. 
2, 448. 

ἡίσκω, for ἐΐσκω, Il. 21, 332; ἠίσχομεν however i in 
this verse may be imperf, 1 plur. from ἐΐσκω. 

ἥκω, to come, to have come, return, as perfect, Xen. 
Anab. 2, 5, 6: imperf. ἧκον, came, had come, re- 
turned, as pluperfect, Xen. Hel, 5,3, 25. | 

ἡλαίνω (ἀλάομαι), io wander, act foolishly, Call. 
Dian. 251.— Mid. ἡλαΐνομαι as active, Theoc. 
7, 23. 

ἠλάσκω (ἀλάομαι), to wander, Il. 2, 470; also 
ἡλασκάζω, to wander, flee from, escape, 1]. 18, 
281; Odys. 9, 457. 

ἦμαι, lo sit, see ‘BQ, to seat, place ; also κάθημαι. 

nut (φημί), say I, Latin _inquam, colloquial, Arist.. 
Ran. 37: _impert. ἣν, 7, in the phrases ἦν δ᾽ ἐγώ, 
said I; ἡ δ᾽ ὅς, said he, Arist. Eq. 634; Plat. 


156 neve 


Lys. 32, 38.—But 7, he said, is used by the 

Epic Poets without the appendage δ᾽ és, Il. 3, 

355. 

οἡμυύω (v rarely Ὁ), to bow down, sink, stoop, fall, 
Il. 2, 148 ; Apol. 3, 1400: aor. ἤμῦσα, Il. 2, 373: 
perf. ὑπεμνήμῦκε, are bent down, Il. 22, 491. 

noOnuévos lonic ἐσθημένος (ἐσθής), clothed, dressed, 
a defective perf. pass. part., Eurip. Hel. 1539; 
Herod. 3, 129:6, t/2. > 

ἡσσάομαι or ἡττάομαι (ἥσσων, ἥττων), to be infe- 
rior, be worsted, defeated, conquered, fut. ἡττήσο- 

pot commonly ἡττηθήσομαι, Xen. Anab. 2, 8, 
23; Cyr. 3, 3, 42: perf. ἥσσημαι or ἥττημαι, 
Soph. Aj. 1242; Xen. Cyr. 4, 1, 10: aor. ἡσσή- 
θην or ἡττήθην, Thuc. 8, 27; Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 
18, Verbal ἡσσητέος or ἡττητέος, Soph. Antig. 
678; Arist. Lys. 450. 


Generally speaking, the forms with oo are used by the 
Tragedians and Thucydides; those with rz, by Aristopha- 
nes, Xenophon, and the Orators, 


Θ. 


ϑαάσσω, to sit, Epic, Odys. 3, 336; contracted 
ϑάσσω, in Attic Poetry, Soph. Tyr. 161: imperf. 
ϑάασσον, 1]. 9, 194. 
ϑᾶέομαι, Doric for ϑηέομαι, Pind. Pyth. 8, 64. 
ϑαλέθω, Epic for ϑάλλω, Odys. 6, 63.— Theoc. 
25, 16, ϑαλέθω, to cause to grow, produce. 
ϑάλλω (OAAMN), to bloom, flourish, fut. ϑαλλήσω, 
causatively, will give birth to, Brunck’s Analect. 
1, 419 (5): 2 aor. ἔθαλον, Hom. Hym. 18, 33: 
perf. τέθηλα, Doric τέϑᾶλα, as present, Soph. 
Phil. 259; Pind. frag. 95, 5; Theoc. 16, 90: 
pluperf. ἐτεθήλειν as imperfect, Odys. 5, 69: fut. 
mid. ϑαλήσομαι later, Anthol. 7, 281. 
Pind. Olym. 3, 40, imperf. ἔϑαλλε causatively, caused to 


Dew 167 


grow, flourish, --τεϑᾶλυϊα, 2 perf. part. fem, pe for 
τεϑηλυῖα, 1]. 9, 208. 


OANQ, see ϑνήσκω. 

ϑάομαι, to gaze αἱ, behold with admiration, behold, 
a Doric verb, Arist. Ach. 770: fut. ϑάσομαι (a), 
~Theoc. 15, 23: aor. ἐθᾶσάμην, ϑησαίμην, ϑᾶσαι, 
ϑάσασθαι, Theoc. 1,149; 2, 72; Odys. 18, 191. 

ϑάπτω (OADL), to bury, fut. ϑάψω, Asch. Sept. 
1028: aor. ἔθαψα, Thuc. 5, 11: perf. pass. Té- 
θαμμαι, Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 19: aor. pass. ἐθάφθην- 
rare, Herod. 2, 81: 2 aor. pass. ἐτάφην, Thuc. 
5, 74: 3 fut. pass. τεθάψομαι, Soph. Aj. 577. 
1141. Verbal ϑαπτέος, Soph. Aj. 1140. 

ϑάσσω, see ϑαάσσω. 

ϑαυμαίνω ΡΟ ΚΕΝ Epic for — fut. ϑαυ- 
uavéo, Odys. 8, 108. 

OADPSM, to bury, see ϑάπτω. 

OA®BM, to be astonished, Epic and Ionic, -perf. 

| τέθαφα transitive, to astonish, Athen. 6, 72: 2 
perf. τέθηπα as present, τεθηπώς, Odys. 23, 105 ; 
Il. 4, 243: 2 pluperf. ἐτεθήπεα, Odys. 6, 166: 
2 aor. ἔταφον, ταφών, Pind. Pyth. 4, 168 ; Odys. 
16, 12. 

OAR, to suckle, Epic, aor. infin. ϑῆσαι, in Hesy-_ 
chius. — Mid. ϑάομαι, infin. ϑῆσθαι (ϑάεσθαι), 
to milk, Odys. 4, 89: aor. ἐθησάμην, to suck, 
Il. 24, 58; also to suckle, Hom. Hym. 1, 123. 

ϑεάομαι, to hahold, see, fut. ϑεάδομαι (a), Xen. 
Cyr..7, 15.22: perf. pass. τεθέάμαι,. Arist. Nub. 
370: aor. ἐθεασάμην, Xen. Anab. 5, 7, 26: aor.. 
pass. ἐθεάθην passively, Thuc. 8, 38? Verbal 
ϑεατέος, Plat. Soph. 65. 

ϑείνω, to smite, Poetic, Il. 17, 430: imperf. ἔθεινον, 
Aisch. Pers. 418: fut. eva, Arist. Ach. 564:. 

aor. ἔθεινα,. a 20, 481: 2 aor.. ἔθενον, θένω,͵ 


A 


158 ᾿ς Ishoo 


θένε, Oeveiv, θενών (Oévav), Eurip. Rhes. 687 ; 
Heracl. 271; Cycl. 7; Arist. Av. 54. 
ϑέλω, the same as ἐϑέλω, fut. θελήσω, Xen. Mem. 
1,4, 18: aor. ἐθέλησα, Soph. Col. 757: perf. 
τεθέληκα, Asch. 306. 
ἀρτίσραν ἢ to Phrynichus, the perf. τεϑέληκα belongs to 
the Alexandrian dialect ; he condemns it, 
ϑεραπεύω, to serve, δου, regular: fut. mid. Θερα- 
πεύσομαι usually passive in sense, Plat. Alc. 
Prim. 61. 
~ Hom, Hym. 1, 390, ϑεραπεύσονται is transitive. 
Par to warm one’s self, heat, burn, Poetic, Il. 
6, 331: fut. ϑέρσομαι, Odys. 19, 507: 2 aor. 
pass. ἐθέρην as middle, subj. θερέω (606), Odys. 
17, 23. 
ϑέσσασθαι, to pray that it may be, to obtain by 
prayer, found only in the aor. mid. 8. plur. 
θέσσαντο, and part. θεσσάμενος, Pind. Nem. 5, 
17; Hes. frag. 9; Apol. 1, 824. 
ϑέω, to put, see εἰθηγμὶ. 
ϑέω (OETL), to run, imperf. ἔϑεον, Il, 20, 299: 
fut. θεύσομαι, Arist. Av. 205. 
ϑηέομαι (θάομαι), to gaze at, behold with admira- 
tion, behold, lonic, Herod. 1, 10: fut. θηήσομαι, 
Hes. Op. 480: aor. ἐθηησάμην, Herod. 3, 23. 
ϑιγγάνω (OIL'2), to touch, as with the hand, fut. 
θίξομαι, Eurip. Hip. 1086: 2 aor. ἔθιγον, θιγεῖν, 
θιγών, Soph. Antig. 546. 
Etymologically connected with the Latin tango (root tag-). 


Fide, to bruise, break, Athen. 8, 41: fut. θλάσω, 

_ Hippocr.: aor. ἐθλᾶσα, Odys. 18, 97: perf. pass. 
τέθλασμαι, Doric. τέθλαγμαι, Athen: ll, 30; 
Thuc. 22, 35. 

ϑνήσκω (ΘΑΝΏ, ONAL), to be dying, die, fut. 
θανέξομαι, Oavovuat, Il. 4,12; Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 


159 


19; also τεθνήξω, τεθνήξομαι, Ausch. Agam. 
1279; Lysias, frag. 42: perf. τέθνηκα, Xen. 
Cyr. 4, 6, 2: 2 aor. ἔθανον, Soph. Col. 1706: 
2 perf. τέθναα; τεθναίην, τέθναθι.. τεθνάναι, τε- 
θνεώς, see Rem. ὃ 68: 2 pluperf. ἐτεθνάειν, 
Rem. § 68. 

ϑοάζω, for θαάσσω, in Attic Poetry, Soph. Tyr. 2. 

ϑοινάζω, to feast, feast upon, Xen. Ages. 8, 7; 
equivalent to θοινάομαι from θοινάω. 

ϑοινάω, to entertain festively, ake Ion. 982: 
imperf. ἐθοίναον intransitive, I feasted, Hes. 
Scut. 212: aor. ἐθοίνισα (as if from -ifo), Herod. 
1, 129: aor. pass. ἐθοινήθην as middle, Odys. 

i 4, 36.— Mid. θοινάομαι, to feast, feast upon, 
Eurip. Cycl. 248: fut. θοινήσομαι and θοινάσο- 
μαι (&), Asch. Prom. 1025; Eurip. Cycl. 550: 
perf. τεθοίνᾶμαι, Eurip. Cyel. 377: aor. ἐθοινη- 
σάμην, Anthol. 9, 344. 

OOPS, see δράσω. 

ϑράσσω (ταράσσω), to disturb, Eurip. Rhes. 863: 
aor. ἔθραξα, θράξαι, Esch. Prom. 628 : perf. 
τέτρηχα, aS present intransitive, to be tumultuous, 
Epic, Il. 7, 346: pluperf. τετρήχειν as imperfect, 
intransitive, I]. 2, 95: aor. pass. ἐθραχθην, Soph. 
frag. 812: fut. mid. hondospns in a 
explained ταράξομαι. 


It is formed from ταράσσω by κι δ τ and. contraction, 
ταράσσω, τραασσω, τρᾶσσω, Fgacow. The change of τ into ϑ 
may be considered an anomaly. Perhaps the original theme 
was OPAXN. — This form ates τρᾶχύς, lonic τρηχύς, rough, 
uneven. 


OPE@PN, see τρέφω. 

OPEXM, see τρέχω. 

ϑρύπτω ( OPYO@R), to break in pieces, crumble, 
debilitate, aor. ἔθρυψα, Hippocr.: aor. pass. 
ἐθρύφθην later, Anthol. 5, 294, 15: 2 aor. pass. 
ἐτρύφην, Il. 3, 363. - Mid. aa ts to put 


160 ϑρωσ 


on atrs,.be dainty, be rendered vain, spoiled, 

_ Aisch. Prom. 891: fut. Ogvwouar, Arist. Eq. 
1163: perf. τέθρυμμαι, Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 25. 

ϑρώσχω (OOPL, OPOL), to leap, spring, jump, 
fut. θορέομαι, θοροὕύμαι, 1]. 8, 179 ; Asch. Sup. 
874: 2-aor. ἔθορον, Herod. 1, 80. 

ϑυίω dissyllabic, for θύω, to rush, move rapes, 
Hom. Hym. 2, 560. 

OYPN, see τύφω. 

Sve and. Ovve (v), to rage, rush, move rapidly, 

eo. ly φῶς Pind Pyth. 10, 84: imperf. ἔθῦον 
and Z0uvov, δ᾿. ::}}; 7180; 2, 446: fut. θύσω, 
παρθύσω (Vv), outrun, Anthol. 12, 32: aor. ἔθυ- 
oa, Call. frag. 82 1 --- See also Ovia. \ 

θύω, to sacrifice, fut. θύσω (Ὁ), Eurip. Heracl. 877 : 
aor. ἔθῦσα, Xen. Anab. 1, 2, 10; Odys. 9, 231: 
perf. té0vxa, Athen. 9, 54; Arist, Lys. 1062; 
Anthol. 11, 413: perf. pass. τέθῦμαι, Ausch. 
Eum. 327: aor. pass. ἐτύθην (Ὁ), Asch. Choéph. 
242. Verbal θυτέος, Arist. Av. 1237. — Mid. 
θύομαι, to sacrifice formally, on some special 
occasion, or for some important purpose, θύσομαι, 
téOvpat, ἐθυσάμην, Arist. Thesm. 38; Xen. 
Anab. 7, 8,921 3.3, ὅ, 18. 

Herod. 7, 197 (twice), ϑύσομαι is passive in sense. — 


The penult of the present is generally long. Eurip. Elec. 
1141, and Arist. Ach. 792, ϑύειν (Ὁ). 


I. 


idddw (IAAL), to send, Poetic, fut. tara, ἐπιαλώ, 
"kit Nub. 1281: aor. ἴηλα (Ὁ), Odys. 22, 49; 
8, 443; the ε is long in consequence of the aug- 
ment. 

ἰάομαι, to cure, heal, fut. ἐάσομαι (&), Eurip. Troad. 
1232: aor. ἰᾶσάμην, Xen. Cyr. 8, 2, 25: aor. 
pass. ἐάϑην passively, Plat. Conv. 16. 


i 


lea 161 


Herod. 7, 236, ἀνιεῦνται contracted from ἀνιέονται (ἀνι-- 
ἄονται), for ἀνιῶνται, as future. 
ἰάχω and iayéo, to shout, Eurip. Elec. 707 ; “fet 
965: imperf. ἴαχον, IL. 1, 482: fut. ἐαχήσω, 
Eurip. Pheen. 1523 : aor. ἰάχησα, Arist. Ran. 217: 
perf. part. fem. ἰαχυῖϊὰ, ἀμφιαχυῖα, as present, 
screaming around, Il. 2, 316. 
We suppose that the original theme was FAX2, hence 
FuF azo, like βιβάω from βάω, and finally i tayo. Compare 
βάζω (Bayz-, Bax-), ἀβακέω, Βάκχος, Ἴακχος _(FuiFaxzos), 
aviazos (a Furazos), ἦχος, ἠχώ, Romaic ἀχός (ἦχος). 
ἱδρόω, lo sweat, fut. ἱδρώσω, Il. 2, 388: aor. ἵδρω- 
oa, Xen, Cicon, 4, 24. 


In the Epic and Ionic dialects, it is contracted as if the 
present were in -ἄω as opt. 3 sing. ἔδρῴη, Hippocr. de 
Aer. § 17; part. fem. id gaa (idguovoa), for ἱδροῦσα, 1]. 11, 
597; idSewovtas, protracted from δρῶντας (ἑδραοντας), 
Odys. 4, 39.— Il. 11, 119, ἱδρώουσα presupposes a theme ἴῃ 
-O)0). 

Etymologically connected with ὕδωρ, Latin sudo, English 
water, wet, sweat. 

ἱδρύω and IdPY NM (ila, ἕδραν). to seat, place, lo- 
cate, fut. ἱδρύσω (Ὁ), Eurip. Bac. 1339: aor. 
ἵδρῦσα, Herod. 4, 124: perf. pass. ἵδρῦμαι, Eu- 
rip. Heracl. 19 ; Thue. 2, 15: aor. pass. ἱδρύθην 
and idovvOnv.usually as middle, Arist. 3 45 ; 
Thuc. 4, 44; Il. 3, 78; Xen. Cyr. 8, 4, 10. 
Verbal idgutéos, Soph. Aj. 809. — Mid. ἱδρύομαι, 
to place, establish, build, erect a building, dedi- 
cate, consecrate as a temple, Dem. 256: fut. 
ἱδρύσομαι, Arist. Plut. 1191: perf. ἵδρῦμαι, He- 
rod. 2, 42: aor. ἱδρυσάμην, Thuc. 6, 35 pre- 
ferred to its equivalent εἱσάμην from BQ. 

1442, see EIA S2. 

ἴεμαι (εἶμι), "ἴο hasten, Xen. Cyr. 4, 1,17; i. 12, 
274; 2, 154; Herod. 6, 134: imperf. ἐέμην, 


Arist. ‘Eq. 625. 
14* 


162 lé@ 


This verb is the middle of εἶμι, to go. Many modern 
critics, however, refer it to inus, to send, that is, to cause to 
go, and accordingly write teua., with the rough breathing. 

igo (ES), to send, μεθιέω, 1]. 6, 523; 10, 121; im- 
perat. ἵει (tee), Il. 21, 338; Odys. 1, 271; infin. 
isiv, συνιεῖν, Theog. 565: imperf. tovv (tor), 
Arist. Vesp. 355; Il. 1, 479; Herod. 4, 125. 


The forms ἱεῖς, isi are often written fsc, ἵει, in which case 
they are referred to iw. 


ἵζω and ifdva (ἕζομαι), to seat, place, establish, 
institute ; also intransitive, fo sit, settle, sink, 
#sch. Eum. 18; Soph. Antig. 1000; Il. 23, 
258; Thuc. 2, 76: imperf. ior, Il. 18, 422. — 
Mid. ἵζομαι, to sit, Il. 3, 162; Herod. 1, 119. — 

ΠΟ See also xaOifa => 
ἵημι (ἕξω, E22), to send, imperf. ἵην, Pind. Isth. 1, 
34: fut. ἥσω, Epic also gow, avéow, Arist. Ran. 
823; Odys. 18, 265: aor. xa only in the in- 
dicative, Xen. Anab. 4, 5, 18; Epic éyxa only 
in composition, apénxa, ἐφέηκα, ξυνέηκα, 1]. 18, 
108; 1, 83; also opt. ἕσαιμι, ἀνέσαιμι, 1]. 14, 
209: perf. eixa, Dem. 966: perf. pass. εἶμαι, 
Dem. 292; Herod. 8, 49: aor. pass. εἴθην and 
θην, é00, Eurip. Phoen. 1376: fut. pass. ἐθήσο- 
pot, Xen. Ven. 7, 11: 2 aor. ἦν, ὦ, εἵην, és, 
εἷναι, eis, Arist. Vesp. 574; Soph. Tyr. 1405. 
Verbal éxéos, see ἀφίημι. ---- Mid. temas, to send 
one’s self, hasten on, desire, fut. ἥσομαι, Eurip. 
‘Hel. 1629: δοι. ἡκάμην rare in the Attic writers, 
used only in the indicative, Eurip. Elec. 622: 
2 aor. εἵμην and ἕμην, duat, εἵμην, οὗ (ξο, &c0), 
ἕσθαι, Euevos, Xen. Hier. 7, 11; Odys. 4, 76; 
Il. 1, 469 ; Soph. Tyr. 1521.—See also ἀφίημι. 
The singular ἦκα, ἧκας, ἧκε, and the 8 plur. ἧκαν, with 
good writers are‘much more common than the remaining 
forms of the aorist ἦκα. --- On the other hand, the singular 


thao . 163 


of the 2 aor. ἦν is not used in the indicative, See also 
Rem. § 72. 

ἕειν, imperf. 1 sing. for ty» or rather four (ἵεον), ἠφίειν, 
see ἀφίημι" προΐειν, Odys. 10, 100; 3 plur. Epic fs» for 
ἵεσαν, I]. 12, 99. -- ἕω, ἕης, ἕῃ, or εἵω, 2 aor. Subj. Epic for 
ὦ, ἧς, &c., Il. 1, 567; 3, 414. also 3 sing. nn, ἀνήῃ, for 
ἀνῇ, Il. 2, 34, — ἕωκα, perf, act. for εἷκα, Etymol. agn. 
Voc. ἀνῆκεν. -- ἕωνται, perf. pass. 3 plur. for εἶνται, See 
ἀφίημι, ἀφέωνται " aveovtas, perf. mid. 3 plur. for ἀνεῖνται 
(not for the present ἀνίέενται), Herod. 2, 165. The Floren- . 
tine Codex has ἀγέωνται, analogous to ἀφέωνται. See 
Buttmann’s Lexilogus (ἀνήνοθϑεν, 29). --- προοῖτο, 2 aor. 
mid. 3 sing. for προεῖτο, Xen. Anab. 1, 9, 10.— The fut. 
ἕσω, avéow, and the aor. opt. ἀνέσαιμι. are by some referred” 
to ‘EN, to place, put, seat, set; the former, however, clearly 
belongs to ins 


ἰθύνω (ἰθύς), long v, to direct straight forward, 
Odys. 9, 78: aor. t@tva, Odys. 23, 197: aor. 
pass. ἰθύνθην, Il. 16, 475. — Mid. ἰθύνομαι tran- 
sitive, Il. 6,3; Odys. 5, 270. 

ἐθύω (v), to rush straight forward, Epic, Il. 11, 
552: aor. ἔθῦσα, Il. 6, 2; Herod. 4, 122. 

ἱκάνω (ix), long a, to come, Poetic, Il. 1, 254: im- 
perf. ixévor as aorist, Il. 6,370. — Mid. ἑκάνο- 
wat as active, Epic only, Il. 10, 118. 

ἱκνέομαι (ix), to come, Soph. Tyr. 798: fut. ἵξο- 
μαι, Herod. 2, 29: perf. ἔγμαι, Soph. Trach. 229: 
2 aor. ἱκόμην, Il. 1, 362. — Prose writers use the 
compound ἀφικχνέομαι, ἀφίξομαι, ἀφῖγμαι, ἀφικό- 
μῆν. — See also ἱκάνω, ἵκω. 

ixto, 2 aor, mid. Epic for ἵκετο, Hes. Theog. 481 : part. 

Ho sage pha favorable, fair, as wind, Odys. 2, 
4 

ἵκω (1). to come, See, Il. 10, 142: imperf. ἧκον, 1]. 
1, 317: aor. ifov, Hom. Hym. 1, 230; Il. 5, 
773 ; Hes. Scut. 32. — See also Rem. § 54, 

ἱλάσχομαι, Epic also ἑλάομαι and ἵλᾶμαι, to pro- 
pitiate, Il. 2, 550; Hom. Hym. 20, 5; rarely 
ἱλέομαι and ἱλεόομαι, sch. Sup. 116. 127; Plat. 


.“ 


=, 


164 cAnu 


Leg. 7, 10: fut. ἑλάσομαι (a), later Epic ἱλάξο- 
pat, Call. Epigr. 46, 5; Apol. 2, 808: aor. pass. 
ἱλάσθην passively, Plat. Leg. 9, 6: aor. mid. ἱλά- 
σάμην (oc), later Epic ἱλαξάμην, Il. 1, 100; Apol. 
1, 1093. — See also the following. 

‘IAHMI (ἱλάομαι), to be propitious, imperat. ἵλᾶθι 
and ἵληθι, Theoc. 15, 143 ; Odys. 3, 380: perf. 
subj. ἱλήκω as present, Odys. 21, 365; opt. 
iAjxouut as present, Hom. Hym. 1, 165. 

ἴλλω, for εἴλω or εἴλλω, Lysias, 359. | 

ἱμείρω (IMEPS2), to desire, Odys. 10, 431: aor. 
pass. ἱμέρθην as active, Herod.-7, 44. — Mid. 
ἱμείρομαι as active, Odys. 1, 41: aor. ἱμειράμην, 
Il. 14, 163. 

iuéé6o, Molic for ἑμείρω, Sapph. 1, 27. ° 

ἵπταμαι (πέτομαι, UIT AQ, “ITITHM), to fly, as 
a bird, inflected like ἵσταμαι, in the present and 
imperfect, imperf. ἑπτάμην, Eurip. Aul. 1608: fut. 
πτήσομαι, Arist. Vesp. 208: 2 aor. ἑπτάμην, 
πτώμαι, πτάσθαι, πτάμενος, Il. 5,99: 2 aor. act. 
ἔπτην Doric ἔπτᾶν, πταίην, πτῆναι, mids, Hes. 
Op. 98; Asch. Prom. 115. 


The early writers commonly use πέτομαι, ἐπετόμην, and in 
poetry ποτάομαι, ἐποταόμην, instead of ἵπταμαι, ἱπτάμην. 
tog (1Σ. 442, 1442, οἶδα), to know, a Doric 
verb, Pind. Pyth. 4, 441; 2 sing. ἴσης, Theoc. 
14, 34; 1 plur. ἔσαμεν, Pind. Nem. 7, 20; 3 sing. 
ioatt, Theoc. 15, 146; 3 plur. ἔσαντι, Theoc. 
15, 64; part. dat. sing. ἔσαντι, Pind. Pyth. 3, 
52.— See also Rem. § 70. 


This verb is derived from the noun [24 or 15H, formed 
from 14 after the analogy of δόξα from δοκέω (JOKM), 
don from ἄω Or 44.2.. Compare ἀσάομαι from don. — Others 
suppose that it was suggested by ἔσᾶσι, the 3 plur. of οἶδα. 
— See also ἐπίσταμαι. 


ἔσκω, for ἐΐσκω, Il. 11, 799; 16,41; Odys. 4, 279: 
imperf. ἔσκον, Odys. 19, 203; 22, 31. 


ἱστῇ 165 


Theoc. 22, 167, and Apol. 1, 834; 2, 240; 3, 396;.4, 
1718, ἔσκον means they said. Many critics, both ancient 
and modern, are of opinion that the later Epic poets misun- 
derstood the Homeric passage (Odys. 19, 203) ἔσκε ψεύδεα 
πολλὰ λέγων ἐτύμοισιν ὁμοῖα, telling many ᾿ falsehoods he made 
them appear like truths, where ὅμοῖα may be said to be su-. 
perfluous, inasmuch as it is | implied 1 in ἴσκε. — Odys, 22, 31 
(a vexed passage), ἔσκεν ἀγὴρ ἕκαστος, every man labored 
under a mistake, conjectured, did not know the true state of 
the case, attributed the fact to a wrong cause, made a wrong 
inference. 

ἱστάνω, for ἱστάω, iene Dem. 807. 

ἱσίάω (XT AM), the original form of ἵστημι, Herod. 
4, 103: impert. ἵστων, Herod. 2, 106. 

ἵστημι (ἱστάω, ἑστήκω, & TAM), to cause to sted, 
set up, erect, raise, place, fut. στήσω, Xen. Cyr. 
8.8.8: also ἑστήξω, ἑστήξομαι, intransitive, 
shall stand, Thuc. 3, 37; Xen. Cyr. 6, 2, 17: 
aor. ἔστησα, ‘Thuc. 7, 24: perf. ἕστηκα as pres- 
ent intransitive, to stand, Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 19; 
later also éotaxa transitive, Longin. de Sublim. 
16,2; Anthol. 11, 139; Plat. Ax. 18: pluperf. 
ἑστήχειν or εἱστήκειν as imperfect intransitive, 

was standing, Thuc. 1, 89: perf. pass. ἕστᾶμαι 

rare, Plat. ‘Tim. 62: aor. pass. ἐστάθην (a), 
Soph. Tyr. 1463: 2 perf. éotaa, ἑστῶ, ἑσταΐην, 
ἕσταθι, ἑστάναι, ἑστώς, as present intransitive, 
Rem. ὃ 68: 2 pluperf. ἑστάειν as imperfect in- 
transitive, Rem. § 68: 2 aor. ἔστην intransitive, 
I stood, ota, otainy, στῆθι, στῆναι; στάς, Xen. 
Cyr. 1, 4, 18. Verbal ὁτατέος, Xen. Cyr. 8, 1, 
10. — Mid. ἵσταμαι, to stand, also transitively to 
set up, erect for one’s self, Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 14: 
fut. στήσομαι, Arist. Thesm. 697 ; Soph. Phil. 

8, 33: aor. ἐστησάμην generally transitive, Xen. 
Hel. 5, 4, 53. — See also ¢ ἱστάνω, ἱστάω, ἑστήκω, 
στήκω. 

The subjunctive and optative passive may take the accent 


196 . ἰσχὰ 


on the antepenult, if the last syllable permits it; as, subj. 
ἀφίστηται, Dem. 1112. — Hippocr. de Salubr. Diet. δ 11, 
opt. 3 sing. ξυνεστοῖτο for ξυνισταῖτο. --- [σταῦσκον, imperf. 
. iterative, Odys. 19, 574. — 2 aor. στάσκον, iterative, 1].. 3, 
217; 18, 160. --- ἔστἄάᾶσαν, 1 aor. 1 plur. Epic for ἔστησαν, 
‘Tl. 12, 56; Odys. 18, 307; 3 sing. ἔστασε later, Anthol. 
9, 708. — As to 2 aor. 3 plur. totacay, Il. 4, 331, &e. it 
is now edited ἕστασαν, were standing, from ἑστάειν. --- 
ἔσταν or στάν, 2 aor. 3 plur. Epic for ἔστησαν, Il. 1, 535; 
9, 193: subj. 1 plur. Epic στέωμεν and στεέομεν, for 
στῶμεν, Il. 22, 239; 15, 297 ; 2 sing. στήης for στῆς, Il. 
17, 30; 3 sing. στήῃ for στῇ, 1]. 5, 598; 3 dual στήετον 
for στῆτον, Odys. 18, 182: : imperat. 2 sing. ota for στῆϑι, 
only in composition, as ἀγνστᾶ for ἀνάστα for ἀνάστηϑι, 
Theoc. 24, 36. — ἑστέαται, perf. pass. 3 plur. Ionic for 
ἕστανται, Herod, 1, 196. ---ἐστάϑην (ἃ), aor. pass. for éora- 
ϑὴν (a), Call. Min, 83. — In some compounds whose middle 
is intransitive, the perfect active may be translated as a real 
~ perfect ; as ἀγνίστημι, to set up, ἀνίσταμαι, to rise up, ἀνέστη- 
κα, to have risen up. 
The theme 2742 is etymologically connected with the 
Latin sto (root sta-), ststo, English stand, stay, sty, German 
stehen, &c. &c. 


ἰσχάνω and isyavdea (ἴσχω), to check, repress, 1]. 
14, 3875; 5, 89. 

ἰσχνέομαι (vaya), see ὑπισχνέομαι. ; 

ἰσχναίνω (toyvos), to attenuate, make lean, dry up, 
aor. tsyvdva, Ionic ἴσχνηνα; Arist. Ran. 941; 
Herod. 3, 24: aor. pass. ἰσχνάνθην, Hippocr. : 
fut. mid. Ἰσχνανοῦμαι as passive, Ausch, Prom. 
269. 

ἴσχω (ἔχω), to have, hold fast, grasp, seize, check, 
withhold, restrain, hinder, Soph. Antig. 304: fut. 
σχήσω, perf. ἔσχηκα, &c. as in ἔχω. 

IR, to go, see εἶμι. 

ἴω, another form of tut, used only in composition, 
subj. aio, Xen. Cyr. 8, 16; opt. ἀφέίοιμι, Plat. 
Apol, 17: imperf. ξύνιον, 1]. 1,273. For μεμε- 
τιμένος, See μεθίημι. 


The only forms which prove the existence of ἕω are ξύνιον 


καθη 167 


and μεμετιμένος. As to μεϑέεις, μεϑέει, ἐξίδι, Sc. μεϑέω, 
μεϑέοιμι, they may, by a change of accent, be referred 
to igw * that is, they may be accented Cir μεϑιεῖ, μεϑιοῖ- 
μι, Se. 


Κ΄. 


καγχλάζω, later Epic for καχλαίζω, which see. 

KAA, see καίνυμι, χάζω. 

χαθαίρω (χαθαρός, KAOAPL), to purify, clean, 
fut. καθαρώ, Xen. (Econ. 18, 6: aor. ἐκάθηρα 
and ἐκάθᾶρα, Thuc. 3, 104; Xen. Anab. 5, 7, 
35; perf. pass. κεκάθαρμαι, Xen. .Anab. 1, 2, 
16: aor. pass. ἐκαθάρθην, Thuc. 3, 104. Verbal 
καθαρτέος, Hippocr. — Mid. καθαίρομαι, to clean 
one’s self, fut. καθαροῦμαι, Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 27: 
aor. ἐκαθηράμην, Plat. Leg. 9, 8. : 

καθέζομαι (κατά, ἕζομαι), to sit down, Eurip. He- 
racl. 33; Xen. Anab. 5, 8,14: imperf. ἐκαθεζό- 
μήν, in Poetry also καθεζόμην, usually as aorist, 
Thuc. 2, 18; Soph. Col. 1597: fut. καθεδοῦ- 
μαι, later καθεδήσομαι, Arist. Ran. 200 ; Diogen. 
Laert. 2, 72 (Aristipp.) : aor. pass. ἐκαθέσθην as 
middle, later, Anthol. 9, 644; fut. pass. καθεσθή- 
σομαι as middle, ZEschin, 558. 

καθεύδω (κατά, εὕδω), to sleep, imperf. ἐκάθευδον, 

καθεῦδον or καθηῦδον, Xen. Gicon. 7, 11 ; Il. 
1, 611; Plat. Conv. 40: fut. καθευδήσω, Ken, 
Hel. 5, 1, 20: aor. καθεύδησα, Hippocr. Verbal 
καθευδητέος, Plat Pheedr. 91. 

κάθημαι (κατά, uot), to sf, sit down, κάθωμαι, 
καθοίμην, κάθησο, καθῆσθαι, καθήμενος, Arist. 
Eq. 754; Xen. Cyr. 5, 1, 7: pluperf. ἐκαθήμην 
or χαθήμην as imperfect, Xen. Anab. 4, 2, 6; 
Arist. Eecl. 804. 


nad n, perf. 2 sing. later for (ἤἀϑηδαιν opt. 1 plur. nad f- 
μεϑα (like κεκλήμεϑα from καλέω), Arist. Lys. 149, com- 


168 καθι 


monly written xa 9oiueda* imperat. 2 sing. χάϑου, later 
for κάϑησο, Septuagint. Psal. 106, 20. 

καθίζω (κατά, ἵζω), to set, place; also to sit, fut. 
καθίσω, καθιῶ, Ionic xatiow, Doric καθιξώ, Xen. 
Anab. 2, 1,4; Herod. 4, 190; Bion, 2, 16: aor. 
ἐκάθισα, Doric ἐχάθιξα, Il. 3, 68; Arist. Ran. 
911; Theoc. 1, 12.— Mid. xa6ifouat, to sit, 
Arist. Eg. 785: fut. καθιζήσομαι, Plat. Pheedr. 
5 :-aor. ἐκαθισάμην usually transitive, Xen. Cyr. 
5.0.7. : 

καίνυμαι (KAAS), to excel, surpass, be distin- 
guished, to be adorned, ornamented, Poetic, im- 
perf. ἐκαινύμην, Odys. 3, 288: perf. xéxacuat, 
κεκάσθαι, κεκοσμένος and xexaduévos, Odys. 19, 
82; 4, 725; Il. 24, 546; Pind. Olym. 1, 42: 
pluperf. éxexdouny, Il. 2, 530. 

We may suppose that the noun κόσμος is formed from 
the theme KAJ, thus καδ-μος, κασ-μος, κόσμος, with the 
accent on the penult contrary to the analogy of verbals in μός. 

καίνω (κτείνω), to kill, Poetic, fut. κανῶ, Eurip. 
Hercul. 1075: 2-aor. éxavov, Soph. Col. 545; 
Theoc. 24, 90. : 


Xen. Anab. 7, 6, 36, xataxexavortec, in some of the re- 
cent editions, for the common xataxavoytes* it implies a 
2 perf. κέκαγα. See Schneider’s note on the passage. — 

καίω (KAY), also κάω long « and without con- 
_ traction, to burn, . set fire to, kindle, Arist. Lys. 
. 9; Xen. Hel. 4,1, 1: fut. xavow and καύσομαι, 
Xen. Cyr. 5, 4, 215; Arist. Plut. 1054: aor. 
éxavoa, Poetic alse éxea, Epic ἔκηα or ἔκχεια, 

~ Thuc. 7, 80; Eurip. Rhes. 97 ; Ausch. Agam. 849 ; 
Tl..1, 40; Odys. 21,176; 9,231: perf: κέκαυκα, 
‘Xen. Hel. 6, 5, 37: perf. pass. χέχκαυμαι, Eurip. 
Cycl. 457: aor. pass. ἐκαύθην, Thuc. 3, 74: 
2 aor. pass. éxany (a) , Epic and Ionic, Il. 1, 464 ; 

. Herod. 1, 51.— Mid. aor. éxavoduny and ἐκηά- 


κατα 169 


μὴν transitively, not Attic, Herod. 1, 202; Il. 9, 
88; part. also κειάμενος, Odys. 16, 2; Il. 9, 234, 

καλέω (KAAQ, KAA), to call, fut. καλέσω, xa- 
ho, Dem. 93; Xen. Anab. 3, 1, 46: aor. ἐκάλε- 
oa, Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 30: perf. xéxAjxa, Arist. 
Plut. 260: perf. pass. κέκλημαι, Eurip. Hec. 480: 
aor. pass. ἐκλήθην, rarely ἐκαλέσθην, Thuc. 6, 2; 
Hippocr.: 3 fut. pass. κεκλήσομαι, Soph. Aj. 
1368. Verbal xAntéos, Plat. Rep. 4, 6. — Mid. 
καλέομαι, to call, summon to a court, fut. xadov- 
μαι, Arist. Eccl. 864: .aor. éxaheoduny, Xen. 
Anab. 3, 3, 1.— Eurip. Orest. 1140, fut. mid. 
2 sing. καλεῖ as passive. ὁ , ag 


κεκλέαται, perf. pass. 3 plur. Ionic for κέκληνται, Herod. 
2, 164: opt. 2 sing. κεκλῇο, Soph. Phil. 119; 1 plur. κε- 
κλήμεϑα, Arist. Lys, 259, --- καλέεσκον and κάλεσκον, 
imperf. iterative, Il, 6, 402; 9, 562; Apol. 4, 1514: pass. 
καλέσκετο, 1]. 15, 338. ταν. 

Etymologically connected with the Latin calo, English 
call. : 


κάλημι, from καλέω, Soph. 1, 165 infin. καλήμεναι 
for καλῆναι, Il. 10, 125. 

καλινδέομαι (xvdivda), to roll about, spend one’s 
time in, Herod. 3, 52; Thuc. 2, 52. 

κάμνω (KAM, KMAS2), to labor, grow weary, 
be sick, fut. καμέομαι, καμοῦμαι, Apol. 3, 580; 
Soph. Trach. 12, 15: perf. xéxunxa, Thuc. 6, 
34: 2 aor. ἔχαμον, Xen. Hel. 3, 3,15 Epic (xé- 
καμον) κεκάμω, 1]. 1, 168: 2 perf. part. xexunas, 
-otos or -dtos, Il. 23, 232; 11, 802; Thuc. 3, 
59: 2 aor. mid. ἐκαμόμην as active, Epic, Il. 18, 
341. 6% 
ANY, to breathe, Epic, aor. ἐχάπυσσα, 1]. 22, 
467. | ξ 

κατάγνῦμι and καταγνύω (ἄγνυμι), to break in 
pieces, fut. κατάξω " aor. κατέαξα, rarely κατῆξα " 

ἀν: 


170 κατα 


2 perf. xatéaya, Tonic χατέηγα; rarely κάτηγα, 
Hippocr. : 2 aor. pass. κατεάγην. 
κατεάξας, aor. part. for κατάξας, Lysias, 159. —HaTEny OD, 
2 aor. pass. subj. for καταγῶ, Hippocr. ; part. κατεαγεΐς, 
Lysias, 156. — κανάξαις, aor. opt. 2 sing. for κατάξαις, Hes. 
Op. 664. 691. It is formed as follows ; original theme 
FAT, with xara, κατα AT, xataPF afare, κατ 
«Εάαξαις, κα αξαις, like καταβαλεῖν, κατβαλειν, καββαλεῖν, 
also χατὰ γόνυ, κατγονυ, καγγόνυ" finally, by dropping the 
second F and changing the other into νυ, καυάξαις, the actu- 
al form. be γὴν evade from ἀνδάνω. 
καταείνυον, 566 ἕννυμι. 
καταναλίσχω, see ἀναλίσκω. 
καταχράω (κατά, yoda), lonic for ἀποχράω, to be 
‘sufficient, imperf. 3 sing. xatéyea, Herod. 7, 70. 
Impersonal xatayed, for the common ἀπόχρη, 
Herod. 1, 164: fut. καταχρήσει. 
καυάξαις, SEE κατάγνυμι. 
KA®EQ, to pant, Epic, 2 perf. part. κεκαφηώς as 
present, Il. 5, 698; Odys. 5, 468... 
καχλάζω or natorhitie (XAAAQ), to bubble up, 
swell, Pind. Olym. 7, 3; Apol. 2, 570. 
It seems to be an onomatopy, connected with the Ro- 
maic χοχλάζω. 
καάω, See καίω. 
κεδάννῦμι (KEAAM), Epic for σχκεδάννυμι, pass. 
part. κεδαννύμενος, Anthol. 5,276: aor. éxédaca 
(oc), Il. 5, 88: plupert. pass, xexédaoto, Apol. 2, 
1114: aor. pass. ἐχεδάσθην, Il. 15, 657. 
κεδόωνται, pres. pass. 3 plur. protracted from κεδῶνται 
(κεδάονται), Apol. 4, 500. 
κεῖμαι, Epic and Ionic χέομαι (KEL, KEI2), to 
lie down, κέωμαι, κεοίμην. κεῖσο, κεῖσθαι, κείμε- 
γος, Il. 22, 610 ; Xen. Céicon. 8,19; Herod. 1, 
67: impert ἐκείμην  Βῃ: χείαρμαι, Soph. Antig. 
73. 


The infinitive of the compounds takes the circumflex on 


κελο - ee 


the penult ; as διάκειμαι, διακεῖσϑαι" κατάκχειμαι, κατακεῖσϑαι . 
as if χεῖσϑαι were contracted from χέεσϑ αι. —xeiar, 2 sing. 
Epic for κεῖσαι, Hom. Hym. 2, 254; 9 plur. κέαται and 
κείαται, Lonic for κεῖνται, Herod. 1, 14; Odys. 24, 527. — 
Subj. 3 sing. κῆται, contracted from κέηται, Odys. 2, 102; 
19, 147; Il. 19, 32; edited also xsizor.— κεέωγνται, subj. 
3 plur. in an ancient inscription, Boeckh’s Corp. Inscript. 
Grec. 102, 10. --- διάκειμαι, subj. for διακέωμαι, Plat. 
Phedo, 77. — κέσκετο, imperf. 3 sing. iterative for ἔκειτο, 
Odys. 21,41; Ionic 3 plur. ἐκέατο or éxeiato, for ἔχειντο, 
Herod. 1, 167; Hes. Scut. 241.175; Apol. 4, 1295. 
κείρω (KEEPS), to shear, fut. xegéw, χερῶ, also 
κέρσω, Il. 23, 146; Plat. Rep. 5, 16; Mosch. 2, 
32: aor. ἔχειρα, Poetic also éxegoa, Soph. Trach. 
1196; Hes. Scut. 419: perf. pass. κέκαρμαι, 
Xen. Hel. 1, 7, 8: aor. pass. ἐχέρθην, Pind. 
Pyth. 4, 146: 2 aor. pass. ἐχάρην, Anthol. 9, 
56. — Mid. κείρομαι, to shear one’s own hair, fut. 
κεροῦμαι, Eurip. Hip. 1426: aor. ἐχειράμην, 
ἐχερσάμην, Arist. Nub. 826; Adsch. Pers. 952. 

Etymologically connected with the Latin curtus, Saxon 

scyran, English shear, short. 
κείω and xéa, J will lie down, Epic, Odys. 19, 340; 
14, 5325; 7, 342.. 

The regular future of KEIN or KEN would be κεισω, 
xeow* by dropping the o, κεέω; κέω. Buttmann supposes that 
κείω is contracted from κεέω, the second future of χέω, after 
the analogy of χλεῖος for κλέους for κλέεος.ς Compare δήω. 

κέκλομαι, see κέλομαι. ΓᾺ 

κελευτιάω (κελεύω), to cheer on, Epic, part. κελευ- 
τιόων protracted from κελευτιῶν (κελευτιάων), 
Il, 12, 268 3713; 125 

κέλλω (KEA2), to come or bring to land, asa 
ship, fut. κέλσω, Asch. Sup. 330: aor. éxedoa, 
Soph. Trach. 804. 3 

Etymologically connected with the Latin pedlo. 

κέλομαι, to order, request, exhort, Poetic, fut. χελή- 

couat, Odys. 10, 296: aor. ἐκελησάμην, Pind. 


172 κεντ 


Olym. 13, 113: 2 aor. κεχλόμην and ἐκεκλόμην, 
Il. 4,508; Hes. Scut. 341. 


κεκλόμενος, 2 aor. part. as present, 1]. 8, 346; Soph. 
Tyr. 159. This form gave rise to κέκλομαι used by the later 
me Poets, as Apol. '; 716. 


κεντέω (KENTQ), to prick, puncture, regular. 
Epic aor. infin. xévoae for κεντῆσαι, 1]. 23, 337. 
κέομαι, see κεῖμαι. 

κεράννῦμι and κεραννύω (κεράω), ἴο mix, as wine 
and water, Athen. 2, 3: fut. κεράσω (ἃ), κερῶ, 
ᾧς, ἅ, in Hesychius: aor. ἐχέρᾶσο, Xen. Anab. 
1, 2, 18; Epic and Ionic (éxeyoa) ἐπικρῆσαι, 
χρήσας, Odys. 7, 164; Hippocr. : perf. pass. κε- 
κέρασμαι, commonly xéxoduat Ionic xéxonua, 
Athen. 13, 36; Arist. Plut. 853: pluperf. pass. 
ixexpduny, Plat. Polit. 15: aor. pass. ἐκεράσθην 
and ἐχράθην (ἃ), lonic ἐκρήθην, Xen. Anab. 5, 4, 
29 ; Soph. Trach. 662 ; Herod. 4, 152: aor. mid. 
ἐκερᾶσάμην transitively, Odys. 3,393. Verbal 
χρατέος, Plat. ῬΗΐ. 147. -- See also κεράω, κιρ- 
νάω, κίρνημι. 

The forms χέκρᾶμαι, ἐκράϑην are formed by metathesis 

and contraction from κεκερᾶμαι, ἐκερᾶϑην. Compare ϑράσσω. 

κεράω, to mix, Epic, imperat. xéea and κέραιε, Athen. 
2, 29; Il. 9, 203; part. χερῶν, Odys. 24, 364; 
Athen. 11, 98: imperf. éxégaov, Apol. 1, 1185. 
— Mid. κεράομαι transitive, 2 plur. xeodasbe 
protracted from κερᾶσθε (χεράεσθε), Odys. 3, 
992; subj. 3 plur. χκέρωνται as if from κέραμαι, 
like δύνωνται from δύναμαι, Il. 4, 260: imperf. 
᾿ ἐχεραόμην; Odys. 15, 500; 8, 470. 

κερδαίνω (KEP AAQ, KEPAANQ), to gain, 
fut. κερδανέω, xepdava, later κερδήσω, onic κερ- 
δήσομαι, Herod. 1, 35; 3, 72; Arist. Nub. 1115; 
Anthol. 9, 390: aor. ἐκέρδάνα, Ionic ἐχέρδηνα, 
ἑκέρδησα, ‘Pind. Isth. 5,33; Herod. 8,5; 4, 152: 
pert. κεκέρδαγκα and χεχκέρδηκα, Dem. 1292. 


κιχα 178 


κεύθω, Epic κευθάνω (KYOL2), to hide, conceal, 
fut. κεύσω, Odys. 3, 187; IL 3, 453: aor. ἔκευσα, 
Odys. 15, 263: 2 aor. ἔκυϑον, Epic also (xéxv- 
θον) κεκύθω, -aot, Odys. 3, 16; 6, 802: 2 pert. 
κέχευθα as present, Il. 22, 118: 2 pluperf, ἐχε- 
κεύθειν as imperfect, Odys. 9, 348. 


The root Kro- seems to be etymologically connected 
with the Saxon hydan, English hide. 


shies see XAAZQ. 
κέω, see χεΐω. ; 

κήδω (KAA), to vex, trouble, afflict, Epic, Il. 17, 
550: fut. κηδήσω, Il. 24, 240: 2 perf. xéxyda as 
" present middle, to sorrow, Tyrt. 3, 28.— Mid. 
κήδομαι, to sorrow, care for, Hl. 6,55: fut. κε- 
mech se Il. 8, 353: aor. ἐκηδεσάμην, imperat. 

2 sing. κήδεσαι, Esch. Sept. 139. 

κιγχάνω, SCE κιχάνω. 

κίδνημι, for κεδάννυμι, σκεδάννυμι, Poetic, Herod. 
7, 140. --- Mid. κίδναμαι, Eurip. Hee: 916. 

κικλήσκω, Poetic, for καλέω, Aasch. Sept. 217. 

KIKL2, see ἀπέκιξαν. 

xivéw, to move, regular. —'The fut. mid. χινήσομαι 
is either reflexive or passive, I shall move myself, 
or I shall be moved, Xen. Cyr. 1, 4,195 Plat. 
Theet. 98. —The fut. pass. χινηθήσομαι is also 
used as middle, A‘schin, 547. 

κίνυμαι, to move one’s self, Epic for κινέομαι, Odys. 
10, 556; Il. 14, 173: imperf. éxivuuny, Il. 4, 
281. 

κιρνάω and. xigvn wt, for χεράννῦμι, Herod. 4, 52; 
imperat. κίρναϑι, Pind. Nem. 9 ἜΝ ee Epic © 
κιρνάμεν for κιρνάναι; Pind. Isth. i ok 
κιρνάς, Molic χίρναις, Odys. 16, Ὡς: ihe 1 5: 
imperf. ἐκίρναον and ἐκίρνην, Odys. 7, 182; 14, 
78. — Mid. κίρναμαι, Eurip. Hip. 254. 

κιχάνω ee Poetic; in the Tragedians 


να eo 


ES RO PT ee te ee ὙῪ ee Re eee eer ee eee Me ly 
> 


174 κίχρ 


also κιγχάνω, to find, reach, ll. 17, 672; Eurip. 
_ Ale. 477; also χιχέω : imperf. éxiyavoy and éxi- 


χεον, Il. 2,18; Odys. 24, 284: fut. κιχήσομαι, 
later Epic also κιχήσω, Il. 2, 258; Apol. 1, 1482: 
2 aor. ἔχιχον and éxiyny, κιχείω (κιχῶ), κιχείην, 
xiynuevat, κιχείς, Odys. 16, 379. 357; Il. 1, 26; 
2, 188; 15, 274; 16,342. — Mid. κιχάνομαι as 
active, Il. 11, 441: aor. ἐκιχησάμην, 1]. 4, 385: 
2 aor. (or pres.) part. κιχήμενος, Epic, Il. 5, 
187. 

κίξατο, aor. mid. 3 sing. in Hesychius, explained εὗρεν, 
ἔλαβεν, ἤνεγκεν. — Anthol. 15, 27, ἔκιξα is by some referred 
to this verb. We are not prepared to say that it means any 


thing.. When a poem has the form of ‘ a Swallow’s Egg” 
it is absurd to suppose that there is any sense to it. 


κίχρημι (yeaa), to lend, Dem. 1250: fut. γρήσω, 


Herod. 3, 58: aor. éyonoa, Arist. ‘Thesm. 219: 
perf. pass. κέχρημαι, Dem. 817. — Mid. “Lea 
wat, to borrow, impert. ἐχιχράμην, Anthol. 
584: aor. ἐχρησάμην, Eurip. Elec. 190. any 
pare δανείζω, to lend; δανείζομοαι, to borrow. 
κιχρᾶσϑαι, pres. mid. infin., Theoph, Char, 30. 


xia (KIAOS2), to go, Poetic, xiw, κίοιμι, κίε, κίειν, 


κιών, Aisch. Choéph. 680; Sup. 504; Odys. 1, 
311; 7, 60 ; Plat. Cratyl. 91; ἢ. 1, 35: imperf. 
ἔχιον usually as aorist, Il. 1, 348 ; 12,138; Hes. 
Scut. 284: 2 aor. ἐκίαϑον fo only i in the com- 
pound μετεκίαϑον, Il. 11, 52. 714. 


The part. κιών takes the acute on the last syllable, after 
the analogy of ἐών and ἐών, from εἶμι and εἰμέ. 


κλαγγαίνω and κλαγγέω (κλάζω), to bark, A&sch. 


Eum. 131; Theoc. Epigr. 6. 


κλάζω (ΚΑΆΓΩ, ΚΑ47Π74), KAHL), to 


shout, scream, clang, Poetic, Soph. Antig. 112: 
fut. χκλάγξω, χεχλάγξομαι, J&sch. Pers. 947; 
Arist. Vesp. 930: aor. ἔχλαγξα, 1, 46: 2 aor. 


“EL 175 


ἔχλαγον, Eurip. Aul: 1062: 2 perf. xéxAnya and 
xixhayya as present, Il. 2, 222; Arist. Vesp. 
929.. © 


Arist. Vesp. 929, 2 perf. subj. κεχλάγγω, in Dindorf’s 
edition κεκλάγχω, implying xéxlayza. 

It is an onomatopy, connected with the Latin clango, 
English clang. 


κλαίω (KAAYI), also κλάω, long @ and diitlout 
contraction, to weep, cry, Arist. Ran. 654: fut. 
κλαύσω, κλαύσομαι or κλαυσοῦμαι, also κλαιή- 
ow and κλαήσω, Theoc. 23,34; Arist. Lys. 505 ; 
Pac. 1081; Dem. 546. 440: aor. ἔκλαυσα, 
fXisch. Sept. 828: perf. pass. χέχλαυμαι, Soph. 
Tyr. 1490; later and doubtful κέκλαυσμαι, An- 
thol. 7, 281: aor. pass. ἐκλαύσϑην later, Anthol. 
App. Epigr. 341: 3 fut. pass. xexAavoouat, 
Arist. Nub. 1436. — Mid. κλαίομαι, Ausch. Sept. 
920% aor. ἐκλαυσάμην transitively, Soph. Trach. 
153: perf. xéxAavuat, to be bathed in tears, 
fesch. Choéph. 457. 731. 

KAA, to call, see καλέω. 

κλάω (ἅν, ἴο break, aor. ἔχλᾶσα, Odys. 6, 128: 
perf. pass. νἐκλασμαι; Xen. Eq. 7, 6: aor. pass. 
ἐκλάσϑην, Thuc. 4, 37: 2 aor. part. χλάς, ἀπο- 
κλαΐς, implying KAHMI, Anacr. frag. 16. ᾿ 

κλείω, to shut, close, fut. κλείσω, Xen. Anab. 6, 6, 
13: aor. ἔχλεισα, Xen. Anab. 7,1, 36: pert. κέ- 
κλεικα, Theoph. Char. 18: perf. pass. κέχλειμαι, 
commonly xéxdecopat, Herod. 2, 121 (2) ; Arist. 
Vesp. 198: aor. pass. ἐχλείσθην, Xen. Anab. 
4,3, 21: 3 fut. κεκλείσομαι, Arist. Lys. 107]. 
— Mid. eres οὐχ aor. ἐχλεισάμην reflexive, 
Xen. Cyr. 7, 2, 5; sometimes transitively, as 
Thuc. 6, 101. 


κατακλιεῖ, fut. 3 sing. for κατακλείσει, Bekker’s Anecd. 
1290. 


176 “het . 


 Etymologically connected with the Latin claudo, clavis, 
(κλείς, κληΐς). Its original form was probably xieFua, 
whence the [onic xAyia. 

κλείω, to celebrate, see κλέω. 

κλέπτω (KAEITI), to steal, fut. κλέψω, κλέψομαι, 
Arist. Eccl. 667; Xen. Cyr. 7, 4, 13: aor. 
éxAewa, Soph. Aj. 1137: perf. xéxAoma, Arist. 
Plut. 356: perf. pass. κέκλεμμαι, Soph. Antig. 
681: aor. pass. ἐκλέφϑην, rather Tonic, Herod. 
5, 84: 2 aor. éxAamoy later: 2 aor. pass. ἐκλά- 
anv, Xen. Hel. 5, 4, 12. Verbal χλεπτέος, Soph. 


Phil. 57. 


κέχλαμμαι (1), perf. pass. for χέχλεμμαι, Etymol. Magn. 
VOC. ἐπιτετράφαται. , 
κλέω and κλείω, to celebrate, name, Odys. 1, 338; 
Hes. Theog. 32: imperf. ἔκλεον, Apol. 3, 246. 
— Pass. χλέομαι, Pind. Isth. 5, 33: imperf. 
2 sing. éxAéo or ἔκλεο (for ἐκλέεο), 1]. 24, 202. 
κλήζω contracted from xAnifo, to celebrate, name, 
call, Soph. Tyr. 48: fut. xAyow, Hom. Hym. 
31,18: aor. ἔχλῃσα, Arist. Av. 905; also ἔκλῃ- 
ξα, Orph. Arg. 1007. 
κληίζω (κλείω, κλέω), to celebrate, call, Poetic, 
Apol. 4, 1153; Xen. Cyr. 1, 2, 1: fut. χλεΐξω 
Doric, Pind. Olym. 1, 176: perf. pass. κεχλήι- 
ouae and ἐκλήισμαι, Apol. 4, 618. 990: pluperf. 
ἐχληίσμην, Apol. 4, 267. — See also κλῴζω. 
κληίω (κλείω), to shut, Ionic, Herod. 4, 7: aor. 
ἐχλήισα (00), Herod. 1, 37; Odys. 24, 165: 
erf. pass. χεκλήισμαι and κεκλήιμαι, Herod. 7, 
129; 3, 117: aor. pass. ἐκληίσϑην, Herod. 1, 
165. — See also κλύω. 
κλήω contracted from xAnia, to shut, Herod. 7, 
129: imperf. ἔχλῃον, Eurip. Rhes. 304: fut. 
κλήσω, Thuc. 4,8; Doric κλαξώ, Theoc. 6, 32: 
aor. €xAnoa, Doric ἔχλαξα, Thuc. 4, 35; Theoc. 


κνιζ 177 


15, 77: perf. pass.. κέχλῃμαι, Eurip. Hel. 977: 
aor. mid. ἐκλῃσάμην, Doric ἐκλαξάμην, Thue. 
7, 52; Theoc. 18, 5. 
The Doric forms κλαξώ, ἔκλαξα, ἐκλαξάμην are written also 
κλᾳξὼ, ἔκλᾳξα, ἐκλᾳξάμην. 
κλίνω (1), to bend, incline, fut. xAwe, Arist. Plut. 
621: aor. ἔχλινα, Xen. Cyr: 7, 3, 3: perf. κέ- 
κλίκα, Anthol. 12, 213: only pass. χέκλέμαι, 
I]. 3, 185: aor. pass. ἐκλίϑην (¢), Soph. Trach. 
1226; also ἐκλίνϑην Poetic, Il. 8, 360: 2 aor. 
pass. ἐχλίνην (1), Arist. Lys. 906. — Mid. xdi- 
vouat, to lean, incline, reflexive, fut. κλινοῦμαι, 
Arist. Lys. 910: aor. ἐκλινάμην, Odys. 17, 340. 


The Latin clino is evidently the same as κλένω " clivus is 
connected with it; also the Saxon hlinian hleonian, and the 
English Jean. 


κλύω (ΚΔΎΜΩ, to hear, Poetic, Soph. Antig. 
1207: imperf. gAvoyv as aorist, Odys. 2, 42; 
Soph. Col. 1766: 2 aor. imperat. xAv de or κέ- 
κλῦϑι, Ul. 1,37; 10, 284; 2 plur. κλῦτε or 
κέκλῦτε, Il. 2, 56; 3, 86: 2 aor. mid. part. 
κλύμενος, as an adjective, celebrated, renowned, 
Theoc. 14, 26 ; Athen. 11, 38. 

KMAN, see κάμνω. 

κνάω for the regular xvaiw, to scrape, Arist. Av. 
533; infin. κνῆσϑαι, Plat. Gorg. 107: imperf. 
3 sing. éxvy contracted from éxvae, as aorist, Il. 
11, 638: fut. κνήσω, Plat. Theet. 60: aor. ἔκνη- 
oa, Arist. Vesp. 965: perf. pass. HEXYNO UCL, 
Arist. Plut. 973: aor. pass. éxv7jodnv. — See 
also χνίζω. 

κνίζω, to pinch, claw, tear, fut. xviow, Arist. Ran. 
1198: aor. éxvica, Doric ἔκνιξα, Arist. Vesp. 
1286; Pind. Pyth. 10, 94: perf. pass. κέκχνι- 
σμαι, ‘Arist. Plat. 973: aor. pass. ἐκνίσϑην as 
middle, Theoc. 4, 59.— See also χνάω. 


178 XOEG) 


These two verbs, κνάω and κνέζω, seem to be etymologi- 

_ cally connected with the English knife. : 

χοέω, SCE νοξῶ. 

κοναβίζω, to rattle, ring, resound, Epic, Il. 2, 466: 
aor. ἐκονάβησα (7), Il. 2, 334. 

κονίω (i), to raise dust, sprinkle with dust, 1]. 13, 
820: fut. κονίσω (i), aor. éxovioa, perf. pass. 
xexovimat, 1]. 14,145; Ausch. Pers. 163; Hes. 
Op. 479. — Mid. κονίομαι, xovicouat, éxovicd- 
μὴν (oc), reflexive, Anthol. Planud. 25; Orph. 
Lith. 25; Xen. Conv. 3, 8. 


_ The perf. pass. xexdvecuor, sometimes subjoined to this 
verb, belongs to the regular κονίζω, Theoc. 1, 30. 
κοννέω, SCE νοέω. 
κόπτω (KOM), to cut, strike, knock, fut. κόψω, 
aor. ἔκοψα, perf. xéxoma, Xen. Micon. 18, 5; 
Hel. 5, 4, 7; 6, 5, 37: perf. pass. xéxouuas, 
Thuc. 4, 26: 3 fut. pass. κεκόψομαι, Arist. Ran. 
1223: 2 perf. xéxowa Epic, Il. 13, 60: 2 aor. 
pass. ἐκόπην, Thuc. 6, 27. — Mid. κόπτομαι, to 
smite one’s self for grief, bewail, lament, Herod. 
2, 61: aor. ἐχοινάμην, Eurip. Troad. 623. 
κορέννῦμι (ΚΟΡΗ), to satiate, fut. κορέσω, Epic 
κορέω, Herod. 1, 212; Il. 8, 379: aor. ἐχόρεσα; 
Soph. Phil. 1156: aor. pass. ἐκορέσϑην as mid- 
dle, Eurip. Hip. 112: 2 perf. part. xexognws as 
middle, Epic, Odys. 18, 372. — Mid. κορέννυ- 
μαι reflexive, perf. xexdgeouat, not Attic κεκόρη- 
μαι, Xen. Mem. 3, 11, 13; Il. 18,287; Odys. 
8, 98: aor. éxogeoduny (oo), Il. 11, 87. 
κορϑύνω and κορϑύω, to heap up, raise up, collect, 
muster as strength, aor. ἐχόρϑῦνα, Hes. Theog. 
85. — Pass. κορϑύομαι (Ὁ), Il. 9, 7. 
κορύσσω (KOPYON, κόρυς), to arm, Poetic, Il. 2, 
273: aor. éxdgvéa Doric, to butt as a horned 
animal, Theoc. 3, 5. — Mid. κορύσσομαι reflexive, 


κραῶ 179 


Il. 10, 37: perf. part. κεκορυϑμένος, Il. 8, 18; 
Eurip. Andr. 279: aor. éxogvoduyy (oo), not 
Attic ἐκορυξάμην, to buit, Il. 19, 397; Hippocr. 

xotéw and xotaivea, to be angry, Poetic, Il. 14, 143; 
Asch. Sept. 485: aor. ἑκότεσα, Hom. Hym. 4, 
255: 2 perf. part. κεκοτηώς, 1]. 21, 456. — Mid. 
κοτέομομ as active, imperf. ἐκοτεόμην, Il. 2, 298 : 
fut. κοτέσομαι (oc), Il. 5, 747: aor. ἐχοτεσάμην 
(90), Η. 23, 383.; 5, 177. 

κοχύω ( χέω), to tr ickle down, imperf. κοχύεσκον or 
χοχύδεσχον (v), Epic, Theoc. 2, 107. | 

χράζω (KPAI‘2), to cry aloud, fut. κράξω, com- 
monly κεκράξομαι, Anthol. 11, 141; Arist. Ran. 
258: 2 aor. ἔχραγον, Arist. Plut. 428: 2 perf. 
HExQaY OL as present, Soph. Aj. 1236: 2 pluperf. 
ἐκεχράγειν as imperfect, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 10. 

κέκραχϑι, 2 perf. imperat. 2 sing. syncopated, Arist. 
Vesp. 198 ; but 2 plur. xexgayere, Arist. Vesp. 415. 
κραγόν, 2 aor. part. neut. as an adverb, vocslerousiy, 

loudly, Arist. Eq. 487. 

It is an onomatopy, connected with χρώζω, κόραξ, κορώνη, 
γῆρυς, γηρύω, κηρύσσω, κήρυξ (crier), Latin corvus, crocio, 
English crow, cry, croak, Saxon hrefn or hrefn (raven). 

xeataivea, a prolongation. of κραίνω, Epic, imperf. 
ἐχραίαινον, 1]. 2, 419: aor. ἐκρήηνα, Hom. Hym. 
3, 223 ; Il. 1, 41; 9, 101: perf. pass. 3 sing. κε- 
κράανται (aa), Odys. 4, 616: pluperf. ‘pass. 
3 sing. κεχράαντο, Odys. 4 132: aor. pass. ἐκρᾶ- 
άνθην, Theoc. 25, 196. 

xoatva (KPAN2), to finish, complete, rule over, 
Poetic, fut. xeave, Eurip. Sup. 375: aor. ἔχρᾶνα, 
Epic éxenva, Ausch. Agam. 369; Odys. 20, 115: 
perf. spass. 3 sing. χέκρανται, Adsch. Sup. 943 ; 
Eurip. Hip. 1455: aor. pass. ἐχράνθην, Pind. 
Pyth. 4, 311: fut. mid. χρανέομαι as passive, Il. 
9, 626. : “ 

KPA, see κεράννυμι. 


ae hee ee er ee eee ae ΦΎΨ ἊΨ ΤΡ 


180 κρεμ 


κρέμαμαι, to hang, be in a state of suspension, be 
hanging, inflected like ἵσταμαι, opt. κρεμαίμην 
~ and χρεμοίμην, Arist. Nub. 870; Vesp. 297 : 
imperf. ἐχρεμάμην, Il. 15, 18: fut. κρεμήσομαι, 
Arist. Vesp. 808. — See ‘also κρεμάννυμι, κρή- 
μνημι. 
κρέμημι, the active form, occurs in the part. χρεμάντες, 
Athen, 1, 46. 
κρεμάννῦμι (χρεμάω), to hang, suspend, fut. χρεμά- 
σω (ἃ), κρεμῶ, Arist. Plut. 312: aor. ἐκρέμᾶσα, 
Arist. Nub. 229: aor. pass. ἐκρεμάσθην, Xen. 
Anab. 7, 4, 17. — Mid. κρεμάννυμαι, to hang, 
intransitive, usually χρέμαμαι, which see: aor. 
ἐκρεμασάμην reflexive ; sometimes transitive, as 
Hes. Op. 627. 
κρεμόω, fut. protracted from κρεμὼ (κρεμάσω, κρεμάω), 1]. 
7, 83. The simple theme κρεμάω is not used by the classi- 
‘cal writers. 


χρημνάω and χρήμνημι, for χρεμάννυμι, part. χρη- 

᾿ μνάς, Pind, Pyth. 443. — Mid. χρήμναμαι, Ausch. 
Sept. 229 : imperf. ἐκρημνῶντο, κατεκρημγῶντο, 
Hom. Hym. 6, 39. 

KPIZ22, to cr eak, shriek, squeak, 2 aor, ἔκρικον, 
Il. 16, 470: 2 perf xéxoiya as present, Arist. 
AVS 1591! 

κρίνω (1), to separate, judge, decide, fut. χρινέω, 
κρινῶ, Hippocr. Jusjur. § 1; Soph. Col. 79: 
aor. éxoiva, Xen. Hel. 1, 7, 38: perf. xéxeixa, 
Dem. 283: perf. pass. κέχρέήμαι, Eurip. Phen. 
1663 : aor. pass. ἐκρίθην (7), Epic éxeivOny, 
Pind. Pyth. 8,121; Il. 3, 98. Verbal χριτέος, 
Hippocr. de Art. ὃ 15.— Mid. κρίνομαι, to de- 
cide, dispute, choose, select, interpret as a dream, 
fut. κρινέομαι, κρινούμαι, Odys. 18, 149; Eurip. 
Med. 609: aon ἐχρινάμην, Odys. 4, 778 ; 8, 36. 
— See also amoxpivonat. 


“TEL 181 


It is clearly connected with the Latin cerno, crevi, cretum. 


κρύπτω (KPYB2), to hide, conceal, fut. κρύψω, 
Xen. Cyr. 7, 3, 12: aor. ἔχρυψα, Thuc, 2, 34: 
perf. xéxevma, Hippocr.: perf. pass. χέχρυμμαι; 
Soph. Tyr. 13898: aor. pass. ἐκρύφθην, Thuc. 2, 
39: 3 fut. κεκρύψομαι, Hippocr.: 2 aor. pass. 
ἐχρύβην the usual aorist passive, Soph. Aj. 1145. 
Verbal xovatéos, Soph. Antig. 273. — Mid. 
κρύπτομαι reflexive or transitive, Xen. Anab. 1, 
1, 6; Soph. Aj. 647: fut. χρύψομαι, Soph. 
Trach. 474 ;’ Eurip. Bac..955: perf. pass. xé- 
xovuuat, Dem. 836: aor. ἐκρυψάμην, Soph. An- 
tig. 246. 
ἔκρυβον, N. T. Luc. 1, 24, usually regarded as a secand 
aorist active. --Οικρύπτασκον, imperf. iterative, I]. 8,278. — 
Soph. Aj. 1145, the 2 aor. part. κρυβεὶς is edited also κρυ- 
gets, implying KProN. Eurip. Bacch. 955, for χρυβῆ- 
vot, the Codex Palatinus has χρυφῆγαι. See Matt. Gram. 
§ 193. Obs. 8 (5th edit. 1832). 
It is not absurd to suppose that χρύπτω is a modification 
of καλύπτω᾽ see ἀλέξω. 3 
κτάομαι, to acquire, fut. κτήσομαι, Soph. Trach. 
471: perf. χέχτημαι and éxtnuac as present, to 
possess, have, Thuc. 1, 58; Atsch. Prom. 795: 
aor. pass. ἐκτήθην passively, Thuc. 1, 123: aor. 
mid. ἐχτησάμην, Soph. Aj. 777: 3 fut. κεχτήσο- 
μαι and ἐκτήσομαι, shall possess, have, Eurip. 
Ale. 181; Plat. Lach. 21. Verbal χτητέος, Plat. 
Rep. 2, 13. iY 
κέκτηται, perf. subj. 3 sing, Xen. Conv. 1; 2 plur. 
xexti ods, Isoc. 37: opt. κεκτήμην, Plat. Leg. 8,7; 1 plur. 
κεκτήμεϑα, Plat. Rep. 6, 15. Also opt. 3 sing. κεκτῷτο, 
Xen. Ages. 9,7; 3 plur. κεκτῴμεϑα, Eurip. Heracl. 282. 
κτείνω (KTEN2, KTANQ, ΚΊ 4.2), to kill, 
_ Slay, tut. κτενέω, xtev@, Epic also xtavéw, Herod. 
3, 30; Thuc. 3, 58; Il. 18, 309: aor. ἔχτεινα, 
Soph. Tyr. — perf. éxtaxa and ἔχταγκα 


\ 


182 RTO 


later, Aristotel.; also éxrovyxa rare, Xen. Hier. 
3,8: aor. pass. ἐχτάθην Epic, and ἐκτάνθην later, 
Odys. 4,537; Anthol. 14, 32: 2 perf. éxzova 
the usual perfect active, Xen. Anab. 2, 1, 8: 
2 aor. ἔχτανον Poetic, Il, Ὡ,. 701: 3 also (from 
KT HMI) EXT OY Poetic, κτῶώ, κτάμεναι OF κτά- 
μὲν for χτάναι, κτάς, Soph. Trach. 38: fut. mid. 
XTOVEOMAL aS passive, Il. 14, 481: 2 aor. ἐκτά- 
μὴν Poetic, κτάσθαι, κτάμενος, as passive, Il. 15, 
437. 558; ZEsch. Pers. 923.—See also Rem. 
§ 72. 
κτέωμεν, 2 aor. subj. Epic fei κτῶμεν, dissyllabic i in pro- 


nunciation, Odys. 22, 216. 
It is connected with καίνω, and Latin cedo, cudo, English 


cut. 
Its primary meaning § seems to be to smite, strike, beat, 

cut; hence to kill, slay, put to death. — We suppose further 
that κτείνω is the causative of ϑνήσκω, to die; hence the 
construction ἀποθανεῖν ὑπό τινος, to die by the hand of any 
one. 

κτίμενος (κτίζω, KTIMI), ἡ, ov, Epic, built, found- 
ed, a defective 2 aor. mid. part. with a passive 
signification ; used only in composition, ἐὐχτί- 
μενος, Il. 2, 569. 

κτίννῦμι and κτιννύω (xteiva), to kill, only in com- 
position, ἀποκτίννυμι, Xen. Hel. 6, 5, 7: 4,4,2; 
Plat. Gorg. 53. 

ἀποκτίννυμεν, subj. 1 plur. for ἀποκτιγνύωμεν, Plat. 

Gorg. 53; rather doubtful. Compare σκεδάγνυσι, σκεδάννυ- 
ται, from σκεδάννυμι. 

κτυπέω (KTYIT2), to sound, crash, Poetic, Il. 13, 
140: aor. ἐχτύπησα, Soph Col. 1606: 2 aor. 
ἔχτυπον, 1]. 8, 75.— Mid. xtvméouae as active, 
Arist. Plut. 758. 

κυέω and xva, to be pregnant, Il. 23, 266; Arist. 
Lys. 745; also to bring forth, later, Palzeph. 2, 
1.5: fut. χνήσω, κνήσομαι, Hippocr. : aor. ἐκύη- 


κῶμα 188 


σα, Arist. Thesm. 641; also ἔκῦσα causative, to 
impregnate, Adsch. frag. 38: perf. xexdnxa, An- 
thol. 7, 385. 

κυΐσχω, to conceive. — Mid. κυΐσχομαι as active, 
Herod. 2, 92: aor. mid. ἐκύσαάμην or ἐχυσάμην 
(99), Il. 6, 26; Hes. Theog. 125. 

κυλίνδω, ἀν λινίδέον, and κυλίω (1), to roll, Soph. 
Antig. 590; Arist. Vesp. 202; Xen. Anab. 4, 2, 
3: fut. nukivdipan rare, Herodes Attic. Pag. Triop. 
35: aor. éxvdioa, Arist. Thesm. 767; Pind. frag. 
2 (ἐξεκύλισσεν) : pert. pass. κεκύλισμαι, Xen. 
Cyr. 5, 3, 1: aor. pass. ἐκυλίσθην, Soph. Elec. 
50. — See also καλινδέομαι. 

χυνέω (K 72), to kiss, fut. κυνήσομαι, Eurip. Cycl. 
172: aor. éxvoa (oo), Arist. Ran. 788; Il. 8, 
371. — The compound προσχυνέω, to worship, i is 
regular ; as aor. προσεκύνησα, Poetic also προσέ- 
κυσα, Soph. Phil. 533. 

It is not absurd to suppose that it is etymologically con- 

nected with the Saxon cyssan, German kiissen, English kiss. 

κύπτω (KYDR, xipds), to stoop, fut. κύψω, com- 
monly κύψομαι, Arist. Av. 146; Plat. Euthyd. 
71: aor. ἔχυψα, Xen. Cicon. 11, 5: perf. κέκῦ- 
ga, Arist. Lys. 1003. ᾿ 

κύρω (Ὁ), to fall in with, meet, chance, Eurip. Hip. 
746: fut. κύρσω, Soph. Col. 225: aor. ἔχυρσα, 
Herod. 3, 77. — Mid. κύρομαι as active, Il. 24, 
530. ι 

᾿κύω, to be pregnant, see χυέω. 

KTY2, to kiss, see xvvéw. 

κωμοίζω (κῶμος), to revel, celebrate in song, regu- 
lar: aor. ἐκώμασα, Doric ἐκώμαξα, Eurip. Here. 
180; Pind. Nem. 2, 38. — Mid. κωμάζομαι ap- 
parently as active, κωμάσομαι; Pind. Isth. 4, 124; 
Pyth. 9, 157. 


184 λαβω 


: A, 

AABQ, see λαμβάνω. 

Rugydlvea (AAX, AHX2, AET'X2), to obtain 
by lot, fut. λήξομαι, Ionic λάξομαι, Plat. Rep. 10, 
14; Herod. 7, 144: perf. εἴληχα and λέλογχα, 
Doric εἴλᾶχα, Soph. Aj. 1058; Col. 1235; The- 
oc. 16, 84: perf. pass. εἴληγμαε Dem. 873: aor. 
pass. ἐλήχθην, Dem. 990: 2 aor. ἔλαχον, Thuc. 
5, 21. Verbal Anxtéos, Iszeus, 176. 


- ἔλλαχον, 2 aor. Epic for ἔλαχον, Hom. Hym. 4, 86. — 
λελάχω, 2 aor. subj. Epic, to cause to partake, 1]. 7, 80. 


λάζομαι and λάζυμαι, Poetic for geist, Il. 4, 
357; Arist. Lys. 209. 

λάθομαι, Doric for λήθομαι. 

“4.40.2, see λανθάνω. 

λακάζω for λάσκω, Ausch. Sup. 872; Sept. 186. 

λᾶκέω, Doric for ληκέω, λάσκω. 

AAKR, see Adoxa. 

λαμβάνω (4484), “4Μ8Β,2, AHB22), to take, 
— fut. λήψομαι, Tonic λάμψοαμαι, Doric λαψοῦμαι, 
Xen. Anab. 1, 7, 9. Herod. 1, 199; Theoc. 1, 
4: perf. εἴληφα, Thue. ts 773 Ionic λελάβηκα 
rare, Herod. 4, 79: perf. pass. εἴλημμαι, some- 
times λέλημμαι, lonic λέλαμμαι, Xen. Conv. 3 
13; Arist. Eccl. 1090; Herod. 3,.117: aor. pass. 
ἐχήφθην, Ionic ἐλάμφθην: Soph. Trach. 810; 
Herod. 2, 89: 2 aor. ἔλαβον, Soph. Tyr. 276. 
Verbal ληπτέος, Arist. Eq. 603. --- Mid. λαμβά- 
vouat, to take hold of, Eurip. Heracl. 48: 2 aor. 
ἐλαβόμην, Soph. Col. 373. 

ἔλλαβον, ἐλλαβόμην, 2 aor. Epic for ἔλαβον, ἐλαβόμην, 

Odys. 1, 298; 5, 325. --ἀ᾿λελαβέσϑαι, 2 aor. mid. Epic for 
λαβέσϑαι, Odys. 4, 388. 

λαμπετόων (λάμπω), shining, a defective participle, 
protracted from λαμπετῶν (-ἀων), Il. 1, 104. 


Lagu. 185 


λανθάνω, Poetic also 2700 (AAOL2), to he hid, 
escape notice, Soph. Tyr. 1325: fut. λύσω, Arist. 
Eccl. 98: aor. ἔλησοι rather rare, Thuc. 8, 10; 
Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 1; sometimes causatively, to 
cause to forget, Odys. 20, 85: aor. pass. ἐλά- 
σθην Doric, to forget, Theoc. 2, 46; part. ἐπι- 
λασθέν, unnoticed in song, forgotten, Pind. frag. 
86: 3 fut. pass. λελήσομαι as middle, I will for- 
gel, Eurip. Alc. 198: 2 aor. ἔλαθον, Thuc. 4, 
133: 2 perf. λέληθα, Xen. Mem. 2, 3, 11 ;some- 
times as middle, to forget, Herod. 3, 46. — Mid. 
λανθάνομαι, Poetic also λήθομαι, to forget, 1. 
9, 259: fut. λήσομαι, Odys. 1, 308; sometimes 
as passive, Soph. Elec. 1249: perf. pass. λέλη- 
ouat, Epic also λέλασμαι, Soph. Elec. 342; Il. 
5, 834: aor. ἐλησάμην equivalent to ἔλαθον, 
Apol.. 3, 737 5:Doric ἐλᾶσάμην, Mosch. 3, 63: 
2 aor. ἐλαθύμην; /&sch. Sup. 791. 


λέλαϑον, 2 aor. Epic for ἔλαϑον, causative, to cause to 
forget, Il. 2, 600: but opt. λελάϑοιμι, Apol. 8, 7718, has the 
regular meaning. ---λελαϑόμην, 2 aor. mid. Epic for ἐλα- 
ϑόμην, Il. 4, 127. — Hes. Theog. 471, opt. λελάϑοιτο 
equivalent to the active λάϑοι. --- λέλᾶϑα, ἐπιλέλαϑα, 
2 perf. Doric, as middle, to have forgotten, Pind. Olym. 10, 
4. -- ἐκλελάϑων, 2aor. part. adjectively, causing forget- 
Sulness,; oblivious, Theoc. 1, 63; with the accent on the pe- 
nult. 

This verb is etymologically connected with the Latin 
lateo. 


λάσκω (AAK&2), to speak, gabble, Poetic, Eurip. 
Andr. 671: fut. λακήσομαι, Arist. Pac. 381: 
aor. ἐλάκησα (ἀ), Arist. Pac. 382, but &, Nub. 
410: 2 aor. ἔλακον, Soph: Trach. 824: 2 perf. 
λέλᾶκα, Epic λέληκα, as present, Asch. Prom. 
407; Il. 22, 141: 2 aor. mid. λελακόμην Epic, 
Hom. Hym. 2, 145.—See also λέγω, to say, tell. 
hehiexvia, 2 perf. part. fem. for λαληκυῖα, Odys. 12, 85. . 


λαφύσσω, to devour, see διώκω. 
16* 


186 hayoo 


AAX, sce λαγχάνω. 

4.4.2, to bathe, see λόω. 

haw, to see, Epic, Hom. Hym. 2, 360; Odys, 19, 
229: imperf. λάον, Odys. 19, 230. 


It may possibly be etymologically connected with the 
_ English interjection Jc! equivalent to ἰδού ! see! behold! 


Ada, to wish, see Aa. 
λέγω, to say, tell, regular : aor. pass. always ἐλέχθην" 
fut. mid. λέξομαι as passive, Eurip. Alc. 322. 
The perfect λέλεχα is not found. 
This verb is connected with λάσκω (AAK2), which seems 
to be nothing more than an onomatopy. Further, the Latin 
loquor 1 is connected with λάσκω, and consequently with λέγω, 
λάλαξ, λαλαγέω, λαλάζω. 
λέγω, to enumerate, gather, collect, select, choose, Il. 
93, 239: fut. λέξω, Odys. 24, 223: aor. ἔλεξα, 
Thuc. 8, 44: perf. etdoya, Dem. 328: perf. 
pass. εἴλεγμαι, sometimes λέλεγμαι, Dem. 660: 
Herod. 7, 40: aor. pass. ἐλέχθην, Xen. Mem. 3 
5,2: 2 aor. ἐλέγην, Dem. 1208. Verbal henré- 
os, Plat. Rep. 3, 19; 5, 6. — Mid. λέγομαι usu- 
ally as active, Il. 8, 508. 547: fut. λέξομαι, Doric 
λεξοῦμαι, Call. Min. 116 3..a08. ἑλεξάμην, hE 
125. — The forms εἴλοχα, εἴλεγμαι Or λέλεγμαι, 
ἐλέχθην, ἐλέγην are found only 1 in composition, 
as συλλέγω, συνείλοχα, συλλέλεγμαι, But ἐλέ- 
χθην, Il. 3, 188. 

ἐλέγμην, ry mid, as passive, Odys. 9, 335; 3 sing. 
λέκτο transitive, Odys. 4, 451. Not to be ‘npfounded with 
the corresponding forms from AEX. 

It is natural to suppose that the meanings to enumer- 


ate, vc. are modifications of the general idea ΤῸ UTTER A 
SOUND, SAY, TELL, which idea is as silk as any other. 


AEI'XS2, see λαγχάνω. 

λείπω and λιμπάνω (AIM£2), to leave, Thue. 8, 
17: fut. λείψω, Soph. Phil. 1084: aor. ἔλειψα 
later, Pythagor. 70: perf. pass. λέλειμμαι, Xen. 


Asya 187 


Cyr. 2, 2,3: aor. pass. ἐλείφθην, Thuc. 3, 11: 
3 fut. pass. λελείψομαι, Xen. Anab. 2, 4, ὃ: 
2 aor. ἔλιπον, Soph. Antig..143: 2 perf. λέλοιπα, 
Xen.-Anab. 1, 2, 21. Verbal λειπτέος, Eurip. 
Here. 1385. — Mid. λείπομαι, to be left behind, 
be inferior, fall short of, λείψομαι, λέλειμμαι, 
Hes. Op. 198; Eurip. Sup. 904: 2 aor. ἐλιπόμην, 
Il. 3, 160; sometimes transitively, to /eave for 
one’s self, Herod. 1, 1863; 2, 134. 


ἔλλιπον, 2 aor. for ἔλιπον, Apol. 2, 1034. — ἐλίφϑην, 
aor. pass. for ἐλείέφϑην, if not a mistake in copying, Apol. 1, 
1325. — ἔλειπτο, imperf. pass. for ἐλείπετο, as aorist, Apol. 
1, 45; formed in imitation of the old Epic forms δέχτο, 
λέκτο, &c. — Herod, 7, 164, the imperf. ἐλειπόμην is transi- 
tive. ik a 

The form λιμπάνω is etymologically connected with the 
Latin linqguo; and λείπω, with the English leave. 


λείχω (AEIXM2, AIXMS!), to lick, aor. ἔλειξα, 
fEsoh. Eum. 106: 2 perf. part. λελειχμώς and 
λελιχμώς, playing with the tongue as a serpent, 
Hes. Theog. 826. : | 

It is hardly necessary to remark that this verb is connect- 
ed with the Latin lambo, lingo, lingua, English lick. 
λελίημαι, see λιλαΐομαι. 

λεύσσω (Ado), to see, defective. 

AEX22, to put to rest, cause to sleep, Epic, aor. 
ἔλεξα, λέξον, Il. 14, 252; 24, 635. Not to be 
confounded with the corresponding forms from 
λέγω. ---Ξ Mid. AEXOMAT, to lie down to rest, 
sleep, fut. “λέξομαι, Odys. 4, 413: aor. ἐλεξάμην, 
Il. 14. 360. 


λέγμενος, pres. mid. part. syncopated, Odys. 2, 196: — 
λέκτο Or ἔλεκτο, 2 aor mid, syncopated, Odys. 19, 50; 
4,453: imperat. 2 sing. λέξο or λέξεο, 1]. 24, 650; 9,617; 
Odys. 19, 598: infin. λέχϑαι, καταλέχϑαι, Odys. 15, 394, 
The nouns λέχος, bed, and λόχος, an ambush, are derived 
from this theme. Compare also the Latin lectus, lectulus, 
Saxon ligan, legan, English lie, lay. 


~ 


188 ληβω 


AHBSR, see λαμβάνω. - 

ληθάνω (λήθω), ore Cpe loc cause to forget, Odys. 
7, 221. 

λήθω, see λανθάνω.. 

ληίζω, to pillage, carry off forcibly, rob, Thue. 4, 
41; rare in the present active: perf. pass. he. 
λήισμαι and λέλῃσμαι, Eurip. Med. 256; Troad. 
373: aor. pass. ἐληίσθην, Apol. 4, 401. ‘— Mid. 
ληίζομαι transitive, Herod. 4, 112: fut. Anico- 
μαι (50), Herod. 6, 86; Odys. 23, 28: aor. ἐλη- 
todunv (oo) and ἐλῃσάμην, Herod. 3, 47: Il. 
18, 28. . 

Anxéo, Epic for Adoxa, Odys. 8, 379. 

AHXS2, see λαγχάνω. 

λιάζω, etymologically connected with κλίνω, in He- 
sychius. — Mid. λιάζομαι, to turn aside, separate 
one’s self, also to drop, fall, sink, Epic, Il. 20, 
420; 24, 96: pluperf. λελιάσμην, Mosch. 4, 118: 
aor. pass. ἐλεάσθην as γνηὴ; Il. 15,543; 1, 
349. 

AIZ or 411 142, to twang, aor. ἔλιγξα, 1]. 4, 
125.8% 

λιλαίομαι (ALAA, dow), to desire earnestly, 
crave, Epic, Il. 13, 253; 20, 76: perf. λελίημαι, 
Theoc. 25, 196% part. λελιημένος means also 
eager, hastening, Il. 4, 465: pluperf. λελεήμην, 
Apol. 3, 646. 


Observe that the 2 of the root is dropped in the perfect 
and pluperfect ; compare πύελος from πλύνω. 


hiundve, see λείπω. 
λίπτω, to desire earnestly, Apol. 4, 813: perf. mid. 
λέλιμμαι transitive, Ausch. Sept. 355, 380. 


It is etymologically connected with the Latin libet, libido. 
The root λιπ- may possibly be connected with the English 
like. 


λίσσομαι and λίτομοι, to supplicate, 1], 1, 174; 


λυμα 189 


Arist. Thesm. 313: aor. ἐλισάμην (Ad), Odys. : 
ll, 36; Op 626344, 394: 2 aor. ἐλιτόμην, 
Odys. 14, 406 ; Il. 16, 47. 

λοέω, to bathe, transitive, Epic, imperf. ἐλόεον, ἐλό-. 
ευν, Odys. 4, 252: aor. ἐλόεσα (oc), Il. 23, 282. 
— See also Ade, Aovéw, Aovao. — Mid. to bathe, 
reflexive, fut. λοέσσομαι, Odys. 6, 221: aor. 
ἑλοεσσάμην, Hes. Op. 520. | 

Aovéa for Aovw, Hom. Hym. 4, 290. 

Aovw contracted from λοέω, to bathe, transitive, 
regular. — See also Aoéw, Ada, λουέω. 

This form is not much used in the present and imperfect. 

As to ἔλου, ἐλοῦμεν, λοῦμαι, ov, λοῦσϑαι, λούμενος, ἐλούμην, 
usually subjoined to this form, it would on the whole be more 
satisfactory to refer them to dow. 


Ada, the original theme of λοέω, Poetic in the ac- 
live, imperf. 3 sing. Ave, ἔλον, Odys. 10, 361 ; 
Arist. Vesp. 118; 1 plur. ἐλοῦμεν (ἐλόομεν), 
Arist. Plut. 657; 3 plur. λόον, Hom. Hym. 1, 
120. — Mid. Adouat, λούμαι, to bathe, reflexive, 
Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 11; Arist. Nub. 838; imperat. 
hov (Adov), in "Hesychius ; infin. λόεσθαι, Aov- 
σϑαι, Hes. Op. 747; Odys. 6, 216; part. Aov- 
μενος (Aoduevos), Arist. Plut. 658 : imper. ἐλού- 
unv (ἐλοόμην), Athen. 4, 60; 3 sing. ἐλοῦτο 
(éAdeto), Herod. 3, 125; 3 plur. ἐλοῦντο (ἐλό- 
ovto), Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 4. 

Aavro, protracted λώοντο, imperf. mid. 3 plur. implying» 
a theme 44.2, Call. Min, 72. 73. 
This verb is connected with the Latin lavo, lautum. 
We may assume then 44F 2 as the original form. 
λυμαίνομαι (AYMAN), to outrage, injure, in- 
sult, frustrate; sometimes passively, Lysias, 
826: fut. λυμανοῦμαι, Xen. Cyr. 6, 3, 24: perf. 
λελύμασμαι, 3 sing. λελύμανται, Dem. 1375. 
570; sometimes passively, Herod. 9, 112: aor. 


190 Avo * 


pass. ἐλυμάνϑην passively, Ausch. Choéph. 290: 
aor. mid. ἐλυμηνάμην, Herod. 8, 28. 

Avo, to loose, release, untie, fut. λύσω (Ὁ), Soph. 
Tyr. 407: aor. ἔλῦσα, Il. 2, 808 :-perf. λέλῦκα, 
Athen. 13, 44; Arist. Vesp. 992: perf. pass. 
λέλύμαι, Il. 8, 103: aor. pass. ἐλύϑην (Ὁ), Arist. 
Thesm. 1207: 3 fut. λελύσομαι, Xen. Cyr. 6, 2, 
37. Verbal Avtéos, Plat. Gorg. 80.— Mid. 
λύομαι, usually to ransom, λύσομαι, λέλυμαι, 

— ἐλυσάμην, Il. 1, 13; Dem. 958; Xen. Anab. 7, 

RG . Ὁ τ 
Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 9, καταλύσομαι is apparently passive in 
sense. — EKurip. Med. 146, καταλυσαίμην likewise apparently 
passive. , 
λελῦτο, perf. pass. opt. 3 sing., Odys. 18, 298. ---λύμην 
(v), 2 aor. mid. as if from s7rm7, Il. 21, 80; 3 sing. λύτο 
(Ὁ) as passive, Il, 21, 114. 425; 24,1; 3 plur. λύντο as 
passive, Il, 7, 16; 15, 495. ---λῦϑι, 2 aor. imperat, like 


κλῦϑι, Pind. frag. 55. 
-Etymologically connected with the Latin solvo, solutus, 


English loose. For the prefix so-, compare sorbeo, δοφέω" 
servo, ‘PT (ἐρύω) ; compare also English slack. 

Ao, Doric for ϑέλω, contracted from Ado, λῇς, An, 
λῶμες, Ante, λῶντι, Arist. Lys. 981. 1105. 1162. 
1163; Theoc. 1, 12; Athen. 6, 28; infin. Any, 
Thuc. 5, 77; part. λῶν, Athen. 6, 28. — See 
also λιλαίομαι. 

λωβάομαι, to maltreat, insult, fut. λωβήσομαι, Plat. 
Crito, 7: perf. λελώβημαι passively, Herod. 3, 
155: aor. pass. ἐλωβήϑην passively, Soph. Phil. 
330: aor. mid. éAwbyoduny, Il. 1, 232. 


Soph. Aj. 217, ἀπελωβήϑη, according to the Scholiast, is 
either passive or reflexive. Ellendt prefers the latter mean- 
ing, has been disgraced. 


M. 


MAON, see pavtava, 
μαιμάω (MAS), long α, to desire earnestly, to 


μαρπ 191 


rage, Poetic, Il. 20, 490; 13, 78; Soph. ΑἹ. 
50: aor. ἐμαίμησα, 11. 5,670. — 
μαιμώωσι, 8 plur, protracted for μαιμῶσι (μαιμάουσι), 1]. 

13, 75: part. μαιμώων, -ὡωσα, -ὥωντος Or -wortos, Il, 15, 742. 
542; Apol. 2, 269; Herod. 8, 77. 

naive (MANS), only in the compound éxpaiva, 
to madden, Eurip. Hip. 1229: aor. ἔμηνα, Arist. 
Thesm. 561; Soph. Trach. 1143: 2 aor. pass. 
ἐμάνην as middle, Soph. Aj. 726: 2 fut. pass. 
μανήσομαι as middle, later, Anthol. 11, 216: | 
2 perf. μέμηνα. ἃ5. present middle, io be mad, 
rave, Soph. Antig. 790. — Mid. μαίνομαι, to. be 
‘mad, raving, fut. μανούμαι, Herod. 1, 109: perf. 
μεμάνημαι Epic, Theoc. 10, 31: aor. ἐμηνάμην 
Epic, Il. 6, 160. 

patouat (MAS), to feel after, touch, seek, probe, 
Odys. 13, 367; Soph. Aj. 287: fut. μάσομαι 
(oo), Il. 4, 190: aor. ἐμασάμην (oo), Odys. 13, 
429. 

MAKI, see μηκάομαι." 

μανθάνω (MAOSL2), to learn, understand, fut. wa- 
ϑήσομαι, Soph. Aj. 284: perf. μεμάϑηκα, Ken. 
Mem. 3, 3, 11: 2 aor. ἔμαϑον, Thuc. 1,.40: 
fut. mid. μαϑεύμαι Doric, contracted from μα- 
ϑέομαι, Theoc. 11, 60. Verbal μαϑητέος, Arist. 
Vesp. 1262, | Tey 

ἔμμαϑον, 2 aor. Epic, Odys. 17, 226; 18, 362. 

μάρναμαι, to fight, Poetic, inflected like ἵσταμαε 
in the present and imperfect, Il. 4, 513; subj.” 
μάρνωμαι, Hes. Scut. 110; opt. μαρνοίμην, 
Odys. 11, 513; imperat. μάρναο (uaevaco), Il. 
15, 475: imperf. ἐμαρνάμην, Eurip. Phoen. 1142. 
_ Pind. Nem. 5, 86, ind. 3 sing. μάρναται may havea 
long penult. | 

μάρπτω (ΜΑ͂ΡΠΩ, MAI), to take hold of, 
seize, catch, fut. μάρψω, Il. 15, 137: aor. ἔμαρψα, 


192 aot 


Soph. Aj, 444: 2 aor. μέμαρπον, also without 

the e, ἔμαπον and ᾿“μέμαπον, Hes. Scut. 231. 

252. 245; 2 perf. μέμαρπα, Hes. Op. 202. 
ἐμέμαρπτο, pluperf. pass. 3 sing, Hes. Scut. 245, in 

«sone s edition, for the usual μέμαρπον. 
μαστιόων, protracted from μαστιῶν (μαστιάων), 

scourging, a defective Epic part. equivalent to 

μαστιγῶν from the regular ΜΗ δῶμ Hes. Scut. 

431. 
μαστίζω, Epic μαστίω, to scourge, whip, lash, 1]. 17, 

622; Hes. Scut. 466: aor. ἐμάστιξα, 1]. 5, 768. 
μάχομαι, Epic and Ionic also μαχέομαιε, to fight, i. 

1, 272; Herod. 7, 104: fut. μαχέσομαι, μαχέο- 
μαι, payovue Attic, also μαχήσομαι Epic, He- 

“rod. 7, 209; Il. 2; 366; 1, 298; Soph. Phil. 
1253: perf. μεμάχημαι, rarely μεμάχεσμαι, Isoc. 
127; Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 14: aor. ἐμαχεσάμην (co), 
Xen. Anab. by, 173 Theoc. 22, 74. Verbal 
μαχετέος OF μαχητέος, "Plat. Soph. 73. 56. 

Some critics, for the sake of uniformity, write aor. mid. 

ἐμαχήσατο for ἐμαχέσσατο, a reading not supported by 

manuscript authority, and therefore worth little. — Xen. 

Cyr. 7, 1, 14, συμμεμαχεσμένων is written also συμμαχε- 

σαμένων. — μαχειόμενος and μαχεούμενος, pres. part. 

Epic, Odys. 17, 471; 11, 408. 

MAL and MENL, to desire earnestly, or strong- 
ly, to be eager, intend, Poetic, 2 perf. μέμονα and 
péuaa as present, μεμάτω, μεμαώς, 1]. 5, 482; 

_ * isch. Sept. 686: 2 pluperf. ἐμεμοίειν as imper- 

* fect. —Mid. μάομαι as active; Soph. Col. 836 ; 
infin. μώξο as if from -ὥω, Doric, Xen. Mem. 2, 
1, 20; infin. μῶσϑαι, Theogn. 769.— See also 
μιμνήσκω. 

Theoc. 25, 64, μέμαεν is an imperfect from a new pres- 
ent. Compare ἀνήνοϑεν, ἄρηρεν, ἐμέμηκον, τετεύχετον, from 
ANEOSL, ἀραρίσκω, μηκάομαι, tevyo.— The 2 perf. μέμονα 
evidently belongs to this oe, Compare γέγαα, γέγονα, 
from γέγνομαι. : an 


[Ete 193 


This theme may possibly be connected with the Latin 
moveo, meo; perhaps it once had. the digamma, MA F 2. 
Further, Mavors, the original form of Mars, the impetuous 
god, may be connected with it. The Latin mens, mind, is 
usually referred to MEN, whence μένος. RES 

μέδομαι, to concern one’s self about, think of, plan, 
machinate, Epic, ἢ. 2, 384; 4, 21; 9, 622: fut. 
μεδήσομαι, 1]. 9, 650. | 

Etymologically connected with μήδομαι, μέλω, μέλομαι, and 
perhaps with the Latin medeor, meditor. For the commuta- 
tion of ὃ and 4, compare Ὀδυσσεύς, ᾿Ολυσσεύς, Ulysses ; δά- 
κρυον, lacryma; da-, λα-- δασύς, λάσιος᾽" AAR, ἅλις " ὄζω 
(042), odor, oleo. 

μέδω, to rule, Soph. Antig. 1119; Il. 2, 79 ; part. 
μέδων and μεδέων, 1]. 2, 276.— The participle 
μέδων has usually the force of a noun, ruler. 


μεϑίημι (μετα, fyuc), to send off; let go, μεϑήσω, 


&c. as in ἵημι: perf. μεμέϑεικα, Anacr. frag. 78: 
perf. pass. part. μεμετιμένος Ionic, Herod. 5, 108: 
fut. mid. μετήσομαι as passive, lonic, Herod. 5, 
35. — See also fa. ρηοδ ον ' 

μεϑύσκω (μεϑύω), to intoxicate, aor. ἐμέϑῦσα, 
Athen. 9,51: perf. pass. μεμέϑυσμαι, Athen. 4, 
78; aor. pass. ἐμεϑύσϑην as middle, to get 
drunk, Eurip. Cycl. 167; Arist. Vesp. 1252. — 
Mid. μεϑύσκομαι, to get drunk, Xen. Cyr. 1, 8, 
11. See also μεϑύω. | 


μεϑύσϑην, aor. pass. infin, Adolic for μεϑυσϑῆναι, Alc. 
apud Athen, 10, 35. Some editors, without manuscript 
authority, write μεϑυσϑῆν, with the circumflex on the last 
syllable. As to the infinitives. yevynOny, ἐπιγραφὴν, 
στεφανωϑην, siosvexyd nv of the inscriptions (Gregor. 
Corinth.), they prove nothing, inasmuch as_the accents are 
omitted, 


μεϑύω (v), to gel drunk, defective, Odys. 18, 240. 


MEIPR (MEPL, MOP2), to divide, distribute, 


allot, Poetic, 2 aor. ἔμμορες, Apol. 3, 4; 4, 62: 
2 perf. ἔμμορε as middle, Il. 1, 278; Odys. Op. 
17 


194 μελλ 


345. — Mid. μείρομαι, to obtain, transitive, Il. 9, 
616; Hes. Op. 576: perf. pass. 3 sing. imper- 
sonal εἵμαρται, it is fated, Dem. 1435; part. 
εἱμαρμένος, fated, ordained by fate, Soph. Trach. 
169; also μεμόρηται, μεμορημένος and μεμορμέ- 
vos, Apol. 1, 646.; Anthol. 7, 466. 700: pluperf. 
pass. 3 sing. impersonal εἵμαρτο, it was fated, 
Dem. 293; also μεμόρητο, Apol. 1, 973. 
ἐμμόραντι, 2 perf. 3 plur. Doric, in Hesychius. — μεμ ό- 

ρακταῖι, perf. pass, 3 sing. in the sense of ἔμμορε, Plat. Loc. 
2; implying MOPAZ2.—%uBoatar for “εἵμαρται, and 
ἐμβραμένη for εἱμαρμένη, in Hesychius; formed as follows; 
MEIPQ, ἐμαρται, eucguern, like φϑεέρω, ἔφϑαρμαι, ἐφϑαρμέ- 
γῃ " by metathesis and ‘epenthesis, ἔμβραται, ἐμβραμένη. Com- 
pare ἄμβῥοτος from «-, μορτός" ἤμβροτον from ἁμαρτάνω" 
γαμβρός from γάμος " μεσημβρία from μέσος, ἡμέρα ᾿ cucum- 
ber, French coucombre, Latin cucumis or cucumer; number, 
French nombre, Latin numerus. — βεβραμένων for εἷμαρ- 
μένων, in Hesychius ; formed from MEP by changing u 
into 6. Compare βέλλειν, μέλλειν " βάγιον, μέγα, Latin magis, 
magnus, English big. : 

᾿ς _Etymologically connected with the Latin morior, mors 
(μόρος). | | 

μέλλω, to be about to do any thing, to intend, delay, 
imperf. ἔμελλον and ἤμελλον, Thuc. 7, 20; 
Dem. 292: aor. ἐμέλλησα, and ἡἠμέλλησα rare, 
Xen. Cyr. 1,3, 15; Hel. 5, 4, 65. — Pass. μέλλο- 
μαι, to be delayed, Xen. Anab. 3,1, 47. Verbal 
μελλητέος, Arist. Eccl. 876. 

_ péha, to be an object of concern, to concern, also to 
care for, rare in the personal form, Odys. 9, 20 ; 
Il. 10,92; Soph. Antig. 873; Aj. 689: fut. 
μελήσω, Il. 5, 228; 20, 137: 2 perl. μέμηλα as 
present, Epic, Il. 2,25; 4, 353: 2 pluperf. ἐμε- 
unde as imperfect, Odys. 1,151. Verbal pe- 
Antéos, Plat. Rep. 2, 8.— Mid. μέλομαι as ac- 
tive, Eurip. Hip. 60, 109; Hel. 1161; Soph. 
Col. 1138: fut. μελήσομαι, 1]. 1, 523: perf. με- 


μετα 19ὅ 


μέλημαι as present, later, Anthol. 10, 17: plu- 
perf. μεμελήμην as imperfect, later, Theoc. 17, 
46: aor. pass. part. μεληϑείς as active, having 
cared for, Soph. Aj. 1184.—See also ἐπιμέ- 
λομαι. 

Impersonal μέλει, it concerns, is an object of 
concern, μέλῃ, μέλοι, μελέτω, μέλειν, μέλον, im- 
perf. ἔμελε: fut. μελήσει, Xen. Cyr. 4, 5,17: 
aor. ἐμέλησε, Xen. Cyr..6, 8, 19: perf. μέμέληκε, 
μεμεληκέναι, μεμεληκός, Dem. 1350: pluperf. 
ἐμεμελήκει, Xen. Hel. 3, 3, 9. 

μέμβλεται, perf. mid. 3 sing. Epic, Il. 19, 343; Hes. 
Theog. 61; 2 plur. μέμβλεσϑε, Apol. 2, 217: pluperf, 


3 sing. ἀἐμϑὶ eto, Il, 21,816. Formed from μέλω, by meta- 
thesis and epenthesis ; see βλώσκω. 


μεμνόμενος, see μιμνήσκω. 
μέμονα, see MAQ, μένω. 
μένω, to remain, wait for, await, fut. μενέω, μενῶ, 
Herod. 8, 62; Xen. Cyr. 4, 4, 5: aor. ἔμεινα; 
Thue. 5, 40: perf. μεμένηκα, Isoc. 116: 2 perf. 
μέμονα very rare, Eurip. Aul. 1495. Verbal 
μενετέος, Thuc. 2, 88. 
The 2 perf. μέμονα must not be confounded with the 
corresponding form from M42, MENN. 
Etymologically connected with the Latin maneo, English 
re-main, 
μερμηρίζω, to ponder, reflect, devise, fut. μερμηρίξω, 
Odys. 16, 261: aor. ἐμερμήριξα, Il. 1, 189; also 
infin. μερμηρίσαι, ἀπομερμηρίσαι, to doze, ‘Arist. ; 
Vesp. 
μεταμέλει (μετά, μέλει), if repents, like the simple 
μέλει. 
μεταμέλομαι (μετά, μέλομαι), Ionic μεταμελέομαι, 
to repent, fut. part. μεταμελησόμενος as passive, 
Xen. Mem. 2, 6, 23. 
Impersonal μεταμέλεται, pres warp Plat. 
ene. 3. 


196 pete 


wetinut, Ionic for μεϑίημι. — 
μηκάομαι (MAK2, MHK!2), to dbleat, as sheep 
or goats, Adsch. frag. 54: 2 aor. ἔμᾶκον, Il. 16, 
469: 2 perf. μέμηκα as present, Il, 10, 362. 
ἐμέμηκον, imperf. from a new present, Odys, 9, 439. 
See also dguoioxm.— weudéxvia, 2 perf. part. fem. for μεμη- 
uvia, Il. 4, 435. 
μηχανάομαι (μηχανή), to contrive, machinate, de- 
vise; rare and Poetic μηχανάω, Soph. Aj. 1037: 
fut. μηχανήσομαι, Xen. Mem. 3, 11, 9: perf. 
᾿μεμηχάνημαι actively or passively, »Xen. Hier. 
11,4; Cyr. 8, 3,1; Soph. Trach. 586; Dem. 
604; Isoc. 27: aor. gunyavnoduny, Xen. Ages. 
2,5. Verbal μηχανητέος, Plat. Gorg. 80. 
μηχανόωντας, part. protracted from μηχανῶντας (μηχα- 
γάοντας), Odys. 18, 142. 
Connected with the Latin machina, machinor. 
praive (MIAN2), to stain, dye, pollute, fut. wave, 
Antiph. 638: aor. éuiéva and ἐμίηνα, Eurip. 
Hel. 1000; Il. 4, 141: perf. μεμίαγκα later, 
Plutarch. Tiber. Gracch. ὃ 21: perf. pass. με- 
μίασμαι, Thuc. 2, 102: aor. pass. ἐμεάνθϑην, 
Soph. Col. 1374. 
μιάνϑην, aor. pass. 3 plur. Epic for μέανϑεν (ἐμιάν ϑησαν), 
Il. 4, 146. Compare 2 aor. 3 plur. ἔγνων for ἔγνον (ἔγνω- 
cay), from γιγνωσκῶ. 
piyvoue or μιγνύω or μίσγω (MIL), to mz, 
mingle ; μίσγω is the oldest form, Pind. Nem. 
4, 35; Il. 3, 270: fut. μέξω, Soph. Col. 1047: 
aor. ἔμιξα, Ausch. Choéph. 546: perf. pass. μέ- 
μίγμαι, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 10: aor. pass. ἐμίχϑην 
85 middle, Soph. Tyr. 791: 2 aor. pass. ἐμίγην 
as middle, Arist. Av. 698: 3 fut. pass. μεμίξομαι, 
Hes. Op. 177. Verbal μικτέος,. Plat. Tim. 21. 
— Mid. μίψνυμαι or picyouat, to mingle with, 
join one’s self to, have intercourse with, fut. μί- 
ξομαι, Odys. 24, 314. 


μέμν 197 


ixto or ἔμικτο, 2 aor. mid, 8 sing. syncopated, Odys, 
1, 433 ; Il. 11, 354. 
Etymologically connected with the Latin misceo, miztus, 


English miz, mingle. 


μιμέομαι, to imitate, fut. μιμήσομαι, Eurip. Rhes. 
211: perf. μεμίμημαι actively or passively, Plat. 
Cratyl. 66 ; Arist. Lys. 159: aor. pass. ἐμιμήϑην 
passively, Plat. Leg. 2, 10: aor. mid. éutunoduny, - 
Dem. 420. Verbal μιμητέος, Eurip. Hip. 114. 

μιμνάζω, for μίμνω, μένω. 

μιμνήσκω (Μ|ΩΔΝΑ͂2). to cause to remember, remind, 
Odys. 14, 169: fut. μνήσω, 1]. 15, 31: aor. ἔμνη- 
oa, Il. 1, 407: aor. pass. ἐμνήσθην as middle, 
to remember, Thuc. 3, 90: 3 fut. pass. νας. 
pat as middle, will remain mindful, Xen. Cyr. 8, 
1, 27.— Mid. μιμνήσκχομοαι, to remember, recol- 
lect, call to mind, mention, Odys. 15, 54; Epic 
also μνάομαι, to remember, 'Theoc. Epigr. 14: 
fut. μνήσομαι, Il. 4, 172: perf. μέμνημαι as 
present, to remember, Soph. Tyr. 1401: aor. 
ἐμνησάμην Poetic, Il. 4, 222. Verba μνηστέος, 
Plat. ‘Tim. 72. 


μνώξεο, pres. mid. imperat. 2 sing. as if from -ώω, aol. 
1, 896; compare μώεο from MAN.— μνωόμενος, pres. 
part, protracted from μνώμενος (μναόμενος), Odys. 4, 106: 
μνώοντο or ἐμνώοντο, imperf. 3 plur. protracted from 
ἐμνῶντο. (ἐμνάοντο), Il. 11, 71; 2, 686. --- μέμνηαι, perf. 
“ὦ sing. for μέμνησαι; contracted μέμνῃ, Epic, Il. 21, 442; 
15, 18: imperat. 2 sing. μέμνεο for μέμνησο, Herod. 5, 
105 : part. μεμνόμενος for μεμνημένος, Archil. frag. 1: 
subj. usuvoueda, 1 plur., Soph. Tyr. 49; Odys. 14, 168; 
perhaps the only person in use: opt. μεμνήμην, Il. 24, 
745 ; 3 sing. μεμνῇτο, Arist. Plut. 991. Also 2 sing. 
μεμνῷο ΟΥ̓ μέμνοιο, Xen. Anab. 1, 7, ὅ ; 3sing. μεμνῷτο, 
Epic μεμνέῳτο, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 3; Il. 23, 361; 3 plur. 
. μεναΐατο, Tonic for μέμναιντο, Pind. frag. 277. 
This verb is etymologically connected with the Latin 
memini, memor, memoro, English remember. 


μίμνω, Poetic for μένω, Asch. Agam. 74. 
| ee 


198 μινυ 


μινύϑω (MINY 2, μείων), to diminish, make less, 
also intransitive, to be less, Il. 15, 492; Hippocr. : 
aor. ἐμινύϑησοα and ἐμινύϑισα, Hippocr.: perf. 
μεμινύϑηκα, Hippocr.: aor. ἐμινύϑην, Hippocr. 

Connected with the Latin minor, minus, minimus, minuo, 

diminuo, English diminish. 

μίσγω, see μίγνυμι. 

μνάομαι, to remember, see μιμνήσκω. --- μνάομαι, 
to court, woo, Odys. 16, 77; Herod. 1, 96. 205: 
aor. ἐμνησάμην, προμνησάμενος, Xen. Mem. 2, 
6, 36: in this sense it is not restricted to the 
Epic language. 

μνήσκω, μνήσκομαι, for oe οἱαμνήδκομαι, 

τ Orph. Hym. 76, 6; Anacr. frag. 6 
MOAR, see Bicone. 

μόργνυμι, αι φδά Ἢ ἐμορξάμην, for ὀμόργνυμι, 
Mosch. 2, 96; Simonid. frag. 108, Gaisford’s 
edition. 

μύζω, later μνυζάω and μυζέω, to suck : aor. ἐμύζησα, 
Il. 4, 218... Not to be confounded with the fol- 
lowing. 

μύζω (uv uv), to mutter, grumble, (to cry μῦ wt, 
Arist. Thesm. 231,) aor. guv&% and ἔμυσα, Il. 
4, 20; Hippocr. Not to be confounded with 
the preceding. 

μϑκάομαι (MYKL), io bellow, Odys. 10, 413: 
fut. μυκήσομαι, Anthol. 9, 724: aor. ἐμυκησά- 
μην, Arist. Nub. 292; later aor. act. ἐμύχησα, 
Anthol. 6, 220: 2 pert. ,“μέμῦκα as present, Il. 
18, 580: Ὁ pluperf. ἐμεμύκειν as imperfect, Odys. 
12, 395: 2 aor. ἐμῦκον, Il. 749. 

It is an onomatopy ; compare the Latin mugio, Romaic 

μουγκρίζω, μουγκοφυσῶ, Boyxw Or βουγκῶ. 

μύω (Ὁ), to close the lips or eyes, Athen. 8, 34: 
aor. éuvoa and ἐμῦσα, Hom. Batr. 192; Soph. 
Antig. 421: perf. μέμῦκα, Il. 24, 420, not.to be 
confounded with μέμυκα from μυκάομαι. 


VELL | 199 
N. 


ναιετάω (ναιέτης, vaio), short a, to inhabit, or to 
be inhabited, situated, Epic, Odys. 9, 21; ΙΙ. 
4, 45. 


γαιετάωσα, part. fem. Epic, protracted from γαιετῶσα 
. (ναιετάουσα), Il. 2, 648. Compare σάω, ἐσάω, from σαύω. --- 
yartagouey imperf. iterative, Il. 2, 539. 


vai (N.AQ), to inhabit, settle, Poetic, Soph. 
Trach. 40: fut. νάσομαι (oc), Apol. 4, 1751: 
aor. ἔνασα (oo) causative, to cause to dwell, 
build as a city, establish, Odys. 4, 174; Pind. 
Pyth. 5, 94: perf. mid. νένασμαι, Herodes Attic. 
Sim. Reg. 8: aor. pass. ἐνάσϑην, Il. 14, 119; 
Eurip. Med. 166: aor. mid. ἐγαδάμην (cs) re- 
flexive, Hes. Op. 637. 


Eurip. Taur. 1260, ἀπενάσσατο seems to be equivalent 
to the causative ἔνασσε. ---- Arist. Vesp. 662, κατένασϑε is 
now edited κατένασϑεν for κατ υ yaa: the revi of 
the best moder ee. 


γάσσω or νάττω, to stuff, press close together, fut. 
νάξω (1), in Hesychius: aor. ἔναξα, Herod. 7, 
36. 60; Odys. 21, 122: perf. pass. νένασμαι, 
Tonic νέναγμαι, Arist. Eccl. 840; Theoc. 9, 9; 
Hippocr. 

NAL, to dwell, see vaio. 

voc (ἄ), to flow, Il. 21, 197; Odys. 6, , 292: 
perf. νᾶον and γαῖον, Odys. 9, 222. 


Arist. Ran. 146, ἀεὶ νῶν is now written ἀείνων, from 
ἀείναος (asivac), ever flowing. 


νείσσομαι, see γέίσσομαι. 

γειχκέω, to reproach, chide, Epic, fut. νεικέσω, 1]. 10, 
158: aor. ἐνείκεσα (oc), Il. 3, 59. 38. 

γέμω, to distribute, think, consider, pasture, transitive, 
Soph. Elec. 150: fut. νεμῶ, νεμήσω, Plat. Phileb. 
‘156; Eurip. Epist.. 5, 77: aor. ἔνειμα, Thuc. 3, 
48: ‘perf. vevéuynxa. in composition, Xen. Cyr. 4, 


200 γεομ 


5, 45: perf. pass. νενέμημαι, Xen. Anab. 7, 3, 
21: aor. pass. ἐνεμήθην and ἐνεμέθην, Xen. Hel. 
.7, 4, 27; Dem. 956. Verbal γεμητέος, Xen. 
Eq. 7, 36. — Mid. νέμομαι, to allot to one’s self, 
inhabit, feed or pasture, intransitive imperf. ἔνε- 
μόμην, Epic also νεμεθόμην, Il. 11, 635: fut. 
γνεμέομαι, γνεμοῦμαι, Herod. 1, 178; Dem. 579 : 
pert. νενέμημαι, Isoc. 298: aor. ἐνειμάμην and 
,ἑνεμησάμην, Thue. 8, 21; Athen. 12, 58, 
γέομαι, contracted vevuat, to go away, return, usu- 
ally as future, Epic, Il. 18, 101. 186; Theoc. 18, 
56 ; 2 sing. νεῖαι (véeou), Odys. 11, 1143 subj. 
2 sing. vénat, 1]. 1, 32. 
νεφέω (νέφος, NE®Q), only in composition, Evvve- 
φῶ, to be clouded, to lower, Eurip. Dan, frag. 
4, 7; Arist. Av. 1502: perl. ξυννένοφα, Arist. 
frag. 142: .849. 
γέω, to swim, Herod. 8, 89: fut. νευσοῦμαι, Xen. 
Anab. 4, 3, 12: aor. évevoa, Thuc. 2, 90; Pind. 
Olym. 13, 163: perf. vévevxa, Plat. Rep. 4, 16 
éyveov, imperf. Epic for ἔνεον, 1]. 21, 11. 
The kindred noun ναῦς, ship, that is, floater, swimmer, 
_ and the Latin navis, connected with no, nare, presuppose a 
digammated theme, V.AF 2. 
γέω, to heap up, Herod. 4, 62: aor. ἕνησα, Eurip. 
Cycl. 387; Thuc. 2, 52: perf. pass. νένημαι and 
vévnouat, Xen. Anab. 5, 4, 27; Arist. Nub. 1208. 
— See also νηέω, νηνέω. 
γνενέαται, perf, pass. 3 plur. Ionic for vevnytot, Herod. 2, 
135; 4, 62. 
γέω and νήθω, to spin, Hes. Op. 775; Plat. Polit. 
29: fut. νήσω, Arist. Lys. 519: aor. ἕνησα, Il. 
20, 128: perf. pass. νένησμαι (Ὁ); Etymol. Magn. 
(voe. νηγάτεον): aor. pass. ἐνήθην, Plat. Polit. 
28 : aor. mid. ἐνησάμην as active, Odys. 7, 198. 
γηέω and vnvéw, Epic and Ionic for νέω, to heap 


γυστ ὃ 201 


up, Il. 23, 189; 7, 428; Odys. 1, 147: aor. 
ἐνήησα, Herod. 1, 50: aor. mid. ἐνηησάμην 
transitive, 1]. 9, 137. eg 

γήθω, see véw, to spin. 

νηνέω, SCE NED. . ae 

νήχω, commonly νήχομαι, to swim, Poetic, Odys. 5, 
3753 7, 275: fut. νήξομαι, Arist. Eccl. 1104: 
aor. ἐνηξάμην, Call. Dell. 47. . | 

vito, later vinto (NIB), to wash, as the hands 
or feet, fut. νέψω, Herod. 6, 19: aor. gviwa, 
Eurip. Sup. 765: perf. νένιμμαι, Il. 24, 219: 
aor. pass. ἐνέφθην, Hippocr. — Mid. -vifouar and 
vintouat, Odys. 18, 178: fut. νέψομαι, Arist. 
Av. 1163: aor. ἐνυψάμην, Il. 16,230. The form 
νίπτομαι is rare in pure Greek. : 

γίσομαι and νείσσομαι, for νέομαι, Epic, Odys. 10, 
42; Hes. Op. 235. | | 

᾿ vipa, to snow, cover with snow, impersonally, Arist. 

Ach. 1141: fut. viyo, Plutarch, p. 949: aor. 

éviwa, Arist. Ach. 138, 

Etymologically connected with the Latin niz, nivis, ningo, 
nivesco, nivo, Saxon snaw, English snow. | | 
voto (I'NOL), to think, perceive, regular in the 

Attic dialect. — The Ionians have évaca, vévaxa, 
νένωμαι aS active, ἐνενώμην as active, ἐνωσάμην, 
for ἐνόησα, vevdnza, &c., Herod. 1, 68; 3, 6; 

9, 53; Theoc. 25, 263. 


The original form of this verb was TWOE?. Compare 
the compound ἀ-γνοέω. For the omission of y before », 
compare the Latin nosco for gnosco, nascor or gnascor. 

νυστάζω, to feel sleepy, drowsy, Arist. Av. 638: aor. 
ἐνύστασα, later ἐνύσταξα, Athen. 1, 62; Theoph. 
Char. 7. | 


~ 


202 " Eco 


£é@, to scrape, scratch, aor. ἔξεσα (00), Il. 5, 81; 
Odys. 5, 245: perf. ἔξεσμαι, Alcidam. 85, 18. 
Enoaive (Enos), to dry, fut. ξηρανῶ, Eurip. Cycl. 
575: aor. ἐξήρᾶνα, Tonic ἐξήρηνα, Thuc. 1, 109; 
Herod. 7, 109: perf. pass. ἐξήρασμαι, Herod. 7, 
109 : aor. pass. ἐξηράνθην, Il. 21, 345: fut. mid. 

ξηρανοῦμαι, Hippocr. 

ξυννεφέω, 566 νεφέω. 

ξυρέω and ξυράω, to shave, regular. — Mid. com- 
‘monly ξύρομαι. 

Leo, to polish, Odys., 22, 456: aor. ἔξῦσα, II. Be 
179; but ἐγξύσῃ (6), Eurip. Beller. frag. 1: 
perf. pass. ἔξυσμαι, Hippocr.: aor. pass. ἐξύσθην, 
Plat. Rep. 3, 14: aor. mid. ἐξυσάμην transitive, 
Xen. νὰ γε 6, 2, 32. 


0. 


δῶμα (ὀδούς), to bite, fut. ὁδαξήσομαι as passive, 
Hippocr.: perf. ὥδαγμαι, Soph. frag. 708 : aor. 
ὠδαξάμην, Anthol. 9, 86. 

ὁδάξω, to smart from a bite, imperf. ὥδαξον, Xen. 
Conv. 4, 27. ᾿ 

ΟΖΎΩ, Poetic, perf. mid. ὁδώδυσμαι as present, fo 
be angry, Odys. 5, 423: aor. mid. ὠδυσσάμην 
(oc), Odys. 1, 62; Hes. Theog. 617; but cau- 
satively, ὠδύσατο, made angry, Hom. Epigr. 6, 8. 
“It is probably connected with the Latin odi, odium. 

ofa ( 042), to emit a smell, have the smell of, fut. 
ὀζήσω, Ionic ὀζέσω, Arist. Vesp. 1059; Hippocr. : 
aor. ὥξησα, Ionic ὥζεσα, Arist. frag. 538; Hippocr.: 
2 perf. ὄδωδα as present, Athen. 2, 9: 2 pluperf. 
ὀδώδειν and ὠδώδειν as imperfect, Odys. 5, 60; 
Anthol. 13, 29. 


oLou 203 


Connected with the Latin odor, oleo. 


ὄθομαι, to care about, mind, Epic, Il. 1, 181: im- 
_ pert. ὀθόμην, Il. 5, 403. 

οἴγω and οἴγνυμι, to open, Poetic, Hes. Op. 817; 
Arist. Eccl. 852: fut. οἴξω, Eurip. Cycl. 502: 
aor. ᾧξα, commonly aga, 1]. 6, 298; Eurip. Alc. 
547: aor. pass. part. ,οἰχθείς, Pind. Nem. 1, 61. 
— Pass. imperf. οἰγόμην and ὠιγνύμην, Apol. 2, 
574; Il. 2, 809.— Prose writers use the com- 
pound ἄνοΐγω, which see. 

It may be connected with εὔκω, to yield, give way. We 
may suppose that its original form was Fovyo. The E pic 
form ἀναοίγεσκον (ava Εοιγέσκ ον) is one of the facts in 
favor of a digammated theme. 


οἶδα, lo know, see EIA. ὅδ᾽ 

οἰδαίνω, οἰδέω, οἰδάω and οἰδάνω, to swell, intransi- 
tive, Arist. Pac. 1166; Ran. 940; οἰδάνω is 
usually causative, to cause to swell, 1]. 9, 554: 
fut. οἰδήσω, Hippocr. : aor. ᾧδησα, Eurip. Hip. 
1210: perf. @dyxa, Theoc. 1, 43. — Mid. otda- 
νομαῖι; equivalent to odaiva, I. 9, 645. 

ὀϊζύω. to wail, be miserable, Il. 3, 408 : aor. ὀΐζῦσα, 
Odys. 4, 152. 

οἰμώζω (οἴμοι), to bewail, lament, fut. υὐμιῴξομαι, 
later οἰμώξω, Dem. 938 ; Anthol. -§, 302: aor. 
ᾧμωξα, Il. 8, 8964; Xen. Hel. 2, 3, 56: perf. pass. 
οἴμωγμαι, Eurip. Bac. 1286 : aor. pass. part. οὐ- 
paz Gets, Theogn. 1204. ; 

οἴομαι and οἶμαι, to think, 2 sing. always οἴει, Xen. 
Cyr. 7, 5, 50: imperf. φόμην and ᾧμην, Xen. 
(icon. 5, 19: fut. ~~ Dem. 1297: aor. 
anny, Thue. 2, 81. 


The Epic Poets. revolve οὐ into o¢* thus, ὀΐομαι snide 
(τ); Th 1-89: imperf. wi ounr, sy Odys. 10, 248; 
Hom, Hym. 1, 342: aor. ὠίσϑην, Odys. 4, 453: aor. mid. 
ὀϊσάμην (7), later ot σάμην, Odys. 1, 323; "Maseke 2 8. — 
The form ὀΐω has sometimes ¢, Il. 1, 558: ἸΙ, 609 ; 13, 153; 


204 oLvo 


Odys. 2, 255. — Arist. Lys. 156, for οἴω, Dindorf has "οἰῶ 
circumflexed. — The syncopated form οἶμαι is used paren- 
thetically, I think, methinks, in my opinion. ‘ According 
to the ancient grammarians, the forms οἶμαι, ᾧμην Were em- 
ployed only: in cases of conviction [ἐπὶ eunlayoupizon| 5 
where however Attic urbanity avoided in this way the harsh- 
ness of positive assertion.” Buttmann. 


οἴχομαι as perfect, to be gone, imperf. @youny as 
aorist, sometimes as pluperfect, Odys. 16, 24; 
Xen, Anab. 4, 3, 30; 4, 5, 24: fut. οἰχήσομαι, 
Arist.-Vesp. 51: perf. οἴχωκα, sometimes ayaxa, 
Epic also ᾧχηκα, Soph. Aj. 896; frag. 227; Il. 

10, 252: perf. mid. ῴχημαι, Ionic οἴχημαι, equiv- 
alent to οἴχωκα, Hippocr. de Art. § 15; Herod. 
4, 136. 

The perfect ovymxa presupposes OXON. According to 
Buttmann, it contains the Attic reduplication, after the anal- 
ogy of συν-οχωκώς from συν-έχω. But then, as the Attic re- 
duplication shortens the radical syllable (compare ἀρ-αέρηκα, 
ἐμν-μυκα, from αἱρέω, ἡμύω), the analogical form would be 
ο-κοιχὰ OF ο-χοικα, NOt oi-ywxa. | 


ὀΐω, to think, see οἴομαι. 

OI, to bring, see φέρω. | 

ὀλισθαίνω also ὀλισθάνω (OATZX OL), rarely ὁλι- 
σθάζω, to slip, slide, Thuc. 7, 65; Athen. 6, 28: 

aor. ὠλίσθησα, Anthol. 11, 238: perf. ὠλίσθηκα, 

Hippocr.: 2 aor. ὦλισθον, Soph. Elec. 746. 

ὄλλυμι and ὀλλύω (Ὁ 42), to destroy, lose, Soph. 
Antig. 673; Archil. frag. 79: fut. odéow (a0), 
oAéw, oA, Hes. Op. 178; Odys. 2, 49; Herod. 
1,34; Soph. Tyr. 448: aor. ὦλεσα (66). Eurip. 
Ale. 893; Pind. Pyth. 3, 71: perf. oAddexa, 
Dem. 350: 2 perf. odAwAa as middle, to be un- 
done, have, perished, Soph. Aj. 896; 2 pluperf. 
ὀλώλειν, rarely ὠλώλειν, Antiph. 739.— In prose 
ἀπόλλυμι, ἀπόλλυμαι. ---- Mid. ὄλλυμαι, to perish, 
fut. oAgouat, ὁλούμοαι, Ionic ὀλεῦμαι, Herod. 7, 


ovev 205 


218. 209 ; Soph. Antig. 59: 2 aor. main Wty 
Tyr. 822. 
ὀλέεσκεν, imperf. iterative, implying ολεω, 1]. 19, 135. 

---ὐλόμενος and οὐλόμενος; 2 aor. mid. part.. as an ad- 
jective, pernicious, destructive, fatal, Eurip. Phen. 1029; 
Esch, Prom. 399; Il. 1, 2. 

ὀλοφύρομαι (Ὁ), to lament, bewail, mourn 1 for, fut. 
ohopueovuat, Lys. 829: aor. ὠλοφυράμην, Xen. 
Cyr. 7, 3, 14: aor. pass. -part. ὀλοφυρθείς as 
ἀρὰ Thie. 6, 78. 

OAQ, see ὄλλυμι. 

ὄμνῦμι and ὀμνύω (ΟΜ, OMOL2), to swear, Il. 
14, 278: fut. oudow later, commonly ὀμοῦμαι, -si, 
-EiT al, Anthol. 12, 201; Phocyl. 18, 15; Thuc. 
5, 23: aor, ὦμοσα, Xen. Anab. 2, 2, 8: perf. 
ὁμώμοκα; Eurip. Hip. 612: perf pass. ὁμώμομαι 
and ὁμώμοσμαι, Eurip. Rhes, 816 ; Ausch. Agam. 
1290: aor.. pass. lk and ὠμόσθην, Dem. 
1174; Xen. Hel. 7, 4,10: aor. mid. ὡμοσάμην, 
Dem. 1174. 


ὀμοῦντες, pres. part, from OMOR, Herod, 1, lod. — 

ὁμούντων», ἀπομούντων, fut. part, doubtful, Lysias, "579. 
--ὀμιώμεϑα, subj. mid, Laconian for ὀμώμεϑα, ‘Arist. 
Lys. 183. Compare ἐπαινιὼ for ἐπαιγῶ. 

ὁμόργνυμι (OMOPTI'2), to wipe off, Il. 18, 415: 
fut. oudego, Eurip. Phaéth. frag. 2 (2), 6: aor. 
ὥμορξα, Eurip. Orest. 219: aor. pass. part. 6uog- 
χθεῖς as middle transitive, Arist. Vesp. 560. — 
Mid. ὀμόργνυμαι transitive, Odys. 11, 526: fut. 
ὀμόρξομαι, Eurip. Hip. 653: aor. ὠμορξάμην; Il. 
2, 269. 

ὀνίνημι (ONAL, ONHMI), to benefit, help, in- 
flected like ἃ ἵστημι in the present and. imperfect : 
fut. ὀνήσω, Eurip. Heracl. 1044: aor. ὦνησα, 
Xen. Anab. 6, 1, 32: aor. pass. ὠνήθην, Doric 

- @vadOny as middle Theoe. 15, 55. — Mid. ovi- 


206 ovo" 


ναμαι, ἴθ derive benefit, Plat. Rep. 2, 19 : fut. 
ὀνήσομαι, Soph. Trach. 570: aor. ὠνασάμην later, 
Anthol. 7, 484: 2 aor. ὠνάμην, ὀναίμην, ὄνασθαι, 
Eurip. Herc. 1368 ; also ὠνήμην, ὄνησο, ὀνῇσθαι, 
ὀνήμενος, Odys. 11, 324, 
ὀνῆναι, 2 aor. act. infin. doubtful, Plat. Rep. 10, 4.— 
Odys. 2, 33, ὀνήμενος ! God bless him! 
ὀνομάξω (ὄνομα), to name, call, regular: aor. also 
ὀνύμαξα /Kolic, Pind. Pyth. 2, 82: fut. mid. also 
ὀνυμάξομαι ALolic, transitive, Pind. Pyth. 7, 6. 
ὄνομαι (ONL, ONOL, ON22MT1), to insult, de- 
spise, think lightly of find fault with, reproach, 
inflected like δίδομαι in the present and i imper- 
fect, Odys. 17, 378; Herod. 2,172: fut. ὀνόσο- 
μαι (oc), Il. 9, 55: aor. ὠνοσάμην, Epic also 
ὠνάμην, Il, 17, 173. 25: aor. pass. ὠνόσθην 
equivalent to ὠνοσάμην, Herod. 2, 136. 
ὀὔνεσϑε, 2 plur. for ὄγ-εσϑε, think ye it a slight matter, 
Il, 24, 241. 
ὀνομαίνω, for ὀνομοίζω, commonly Epic, fut. ovvo- 
νέω lonic, Herod. 4, 47: aor. ty ovoun- 
γώ, Iseus, 36; Il. 2, 488; Odys. 4, 240; 11, 
327. 
ὀνοτάζω, ὀνοτάζομαι, equivalent to ὄνομαι, Poetic, 
Hom. Hym. 2,3; Adsch. Sup. 11 
ὀπυίω, to marry; said of the man, Il. 13, 379. 429: 
fut. ὀπύσω (Ὁ), w without the «, Arist. Ach. 255. 
O12, see ὁράω. 
ὀπωπέω, a new present from dxwxe, Orph. Arg. 
184. 1025. 
ὁράω (ΟΜ42, EIA2, 1412}. to see, Tonic ὁρέω, 
imperf, ἑώραον, Ionic ὥρων, ὥρξον, or ὅρεον, 
Herod. 1, 1) 3 4,332. 1483 -futie¢ ὄψομαι, 2 sing. 
always ὄψει, Eurip. Med. 352: perf. ἑώρᾶκα, 
rare and Poetic édgdxa, Dem. 217; Arist. Plut. 


- 


ορνῦ 207 


; Thesm. 32. 33: perf. pass. ἑώρᾶμαι and 
inde Dem. 1121. 314; Aésch. Prom. 998: aor. 
ὥφθην, rarely. ὡράθην, Plat. Def. 4; Anthol. 12, 
197: 2 perf. ὄπωπα Tonic and Poetic, Herod. 3, 
63; 7, 125; Soph. Antig. 6: 2 aor. εἶδον, oy, 
see EIAN. Verbal oztréos, Thuc. 8, 48.—See 
also ὅρημι. - Mid. δράομαι as active, lo see, 
Epic, Il. 13, 99; 1, 56; 20, 45; Hes. Op. 532: 
aor. owaunyv, ἐποψάμην, very rare, Pind. frag. 
58: 2 aor. εἰδόμην, ἰδόμην, see EIAN. 


It is not absurd to suppose that δράω is connected with 
-κύρος (overseer), xogew (to see, look after), ovgoc (watcher), 
-ουρός (as in κηπουρός), -ωρὸς (aS in πυλωρός), Latin cura, 
English care, guard, ward, warn, wary, a-ware, be-ware. 
The obsolete Ol? is connected with ὀφϑαλμός, onside or 
ὑπτίλλος, ὄκταλος, Latin oculus. 


ὁρέγω and ogéyviut, to stretch out, Il. 1, 351: fut. 
ὀρέξω, Eurip. Med. 902: aor.-agega,. Soph. Col. 
846: aor. pass. ᾿ὠρέχθην as middle, Xen. Mem. 
1, 2, 16. — Mid. ὀρέγομαι, to stretch one’s self 
forward, desire, Il. 24, 506: fut. ὀρέξομαι, Eurip. 
Hel. 353: perf. 3 plur. ὁρωρέχαται Epic, Il. 16, 
834: pluperf. 3 plur. ὀρωρέχατο Epic, Il. 11, 26: 
Ne ὀρεβάμην, Hes. aie 178; Xen. Mem. l, 

Etymologically connected with the Latin rego, por-rigo, 

Bogliek right. 

ὀρέομαι, see ὅρομαι. 

ὅρημι. (ὁράω), to see, Doric, Theoe. 6,.22. 253 «ἐν. 
2 sing. ὅρηαι or ὁρῆαι, Epic, Odys. 14, 343, 

The form o δρῆαν comes directly from δράομαι" thus, δράε-- 
σαν, ooaeat, contracted after the Doric manner “a com- 
pare wee δα, for μυϑέῃ from μυϑέεαι. 

ὑρνῦμι and ὀρνύω (OPS2), to. rouse, raise, Pind. 
Olym. 13, 15: fut. ὄρσω, Soph. Antig. 1060: aor. 
000, Esch. Pers. 496; Il. 17, 423: 2 aor. ὦρο- 
gov, Odys. 4, 712: 2 perf. 6eaea as present 


208 oom 


middle, 1]. 3, 87: 2 pluperf. ὁ ὀρώρειν and ὠρώρειν 
as imperfect middle, Il. 2,810; Soph Col. 1622. 
— Mid. ὄρνυμαι, to rise, rush, /ésch. wie 90: 

 imperf. also ὀρεόμην from ὀρέομαι, 1]. 2, 398 ; 
23, 212: fut. ogovuat, Il. 20, 140: perf. ὀρώρε- 
μαι as present, Odys. 19, 377. 524: 2 aor. ὧρό- 
μην, Il. 12, 279. --- 5668 also é ὄρομαι. 


ὦρτο, 2 aor. mid. 8 sing. syncopated, I]. 5, 590: imperat. 
2 sing. ὄρσο, and ὄρσεο contracted 6 ὄρσευ, Il. 4, 204. 264 ; 
3, 200: infin. ὄρϑαι, Il. 8, 474: part. ὄρμενος, ΠῚ; 
326. --ορώρηται, perf. mid. subj. 3 sing. from ὀρέομαι, Il. 
13, 271. — Il. 13, 78; Odys. 8, 539, 2 aor. 3 sing. ὥρορε 
has the force of the perfect, that is, it is intransitive. 

It is etymologically connected with the Latin orior, and 
ruo (ogovw), and yomape with the English raise, rise, rouse, 
rush. 

ὄρομαι (ὄρνυμι), ἐπιόρομαι, to exercise watch over, 
superintend, imperf. 3 plur. ἐπ-όροντο, Odys. 3, 
471; 14, 104. 

The passage ἐπὶ δ᾽ ἀνέρες ἐσϑλοὶ ὄροντο may be com- 

pared with ἐπὶ δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἐσϑλὸς ὀρώρει, 1]. 23, 112. 

ὀρύσσω or ὀρύττω (OPYTN), to dig, fut. ὀρύξω, 
aor. ὥρυξα, Xen. Anab. 5, 8,9; Soph. Aj. 659: 
perf. ὁρώρυχα, “κατορώρυχα, "Plutarch. ρ.:3341]: 

_ perf. pass. ὀρώρυγμαι and ὥρυγμαι, Herod. 3, 
60; 2, 158: plupert. pass. ὀρωρύγμην and aea- 
ρύγμην, also ὠρύγμην, Herod. 1, 186. 185 ; Xen. 
Anab. 7, 8, 14: aor. pass. ὠρύχθην, Herod. 2, 
158: 2 aor. pass. ὠρύγην, Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 11: 
2 fut. pass. ὀρυγήσομαι written also ὀρυχήσομαι, 
Arist. Av. 394: aor. mid. ὠρυξάμην, to cause to 
be dug, Herod. 1, 186. 

ὄσσομαι (OTL), to see, to see mentally, foresee, 
forebode, Epic, Odys. 7, 313 18, 154; 5, 
389; Il 1, 105: imperf. ϑυσόμῆν, Hes. Theog. 
551. 


It is formed from O17 after the analogy οἵ πέσσω from 
πέπτω (IER), and évicow from évintw (ENIITL). 


oped 209 


ὀσφραίνομαι, rarely ὀσφράομαι (O2DPPL), to smell, 
perceive by the smell, Athen. 7, 55: fut. ὀσφρή- 
couat, Arist. Pac. 152: aor. pass. ὠσφράνθην 
not common, Athen. 7, 32; 13, 39: aor. mid. 
ὀσφρησάμην later: 2 aor. mid, ὠσφρόμην, Lonic 
ὠσφράμην, Arist. Ach. 179.; Herod. 1, 80. 

οὐλόμενος, see ὄλλυμι. 

οὔνεσθε, see ovivnut. 

οὐρέω, mingo, imperf. ἐούρεον and ov geo”, Dem. 
1257: fut. οὐρήσω, commonly οὐρήσομαι, Arist. 
Pac. 1266: aor. ἐούρησα and οὖρησα, Hippocr. 
de Loc. in Homin. § 39: perf. ἐούρηκα, Arist. 
Lys. 402: aor. pass. οὐρήθην, Hippocr. ᾿ 

We suppose that the original theme of οὐρέω was Εουρεω, 

formed from Fem (the original theme of ῥέω, to flow) by 
inserting the kindred diphthong ov after F.—AIt is etymo- 
logically connected with the Latin urina. 

οὐτάω (OYTHMI )s Epic for the regular οὐτάζω, 
to wound, aor. οὔτησα, οὐτήθην, Il. 4, 469; 22, 
5170; 8, 537: 2 aor. (οὐτᾶν), 3 sing. ovta, infin. 
οὐτάμεναι or οὐτάμεν, Il. 4, 525: 2 aor. mid. part. 
οὐτάμενος as passive. 

ὀφείλω (ODE AS), Epic ὀφέλλω, to owe, I ought, 
must, Il. 19, 200: fut. ὀφειλήσω, Dem. 866 : aor. 
copetAnoa, Thue. 8,5: pluperf. ὠφειλήκειν im- 
plying pert. ὠφείληκα, Dem. 1111: 2 aor. ὦφε- 
λον or ὄφελον, used only in expressing a wish, 
O that! would to God! Latin. utinam ! Asch. 
Prom. 48; Soph. Tyr. 1157; Eurip. Med. 1; 
Il. 24, 254; it may ‘be preceded by εἴθε, aide, 
or @s. 

ὥφελλον, 2 aor Epic for wpehor, I]. 14, 84; 24, 764. — 

Hes. Op. 172, the imperf. orperkor is equivalent to ὄφελον. 


In the later writers the 2 aor. ὥφελον or ὄφελον has the force 
of a particle, N. T, Corinth. 1, 4, 8; Galat. 5, 12. 


opéhio, to increase, enlarge, glorify; assist, Il. 3, 
18* 


210 οφλι 


62; 15, 383: aor. opt. 3 sing. ὀφέλλειεν, Il. 16, 
651; Odys. 2, 334. | se 
ὀφλισχάνω (OPAL), to be guilty, incur as a pen- 
alty,; owe, Soph. Antig. 470: fut. ὀφλήσω, Dem. 
459; aor. ὥφλησα rare, Lysias, 488: perf. ὥφλη- | 
xa, Arist. Nub. 34: 2 aor. ὦφλον, ὀφλεῖν, ὀφλών, 
Dem. 542; Eurip. Med. 403; Arist. Ach. 691. 
pies, 2 aor. 8 sing. lonic for apie, Herod. 8, 26; com- 
pare ἔγω, ἕψω. 
ὀχθῆσαι, to feel vexed, indignant, Epic, found only 
in the indic. 3 plur. ὥχθησαν, and part. ὀχθήσας, 
IL. 1,570; 15, 1013; 4, 30; 11, 493; Hes. The- 
og. 558. | 


I. 


ITAT'22, see πήγνυμι. 

ITAOLQ, see πάσχω. 

παίζω, to play, sport, jest, fut. matfouae or παιξοῦ- 
wot, later also παΐξω, Anthol. 12, 46.211; Xen. 
Cony. 9, 2: aor. ἔπαισα, later ἔπαιξα, Arist. 
Thesm. 947; Anthol. 5, 112: perf. πέπαικα, 
Anthol. 2, 86: perf. pass. πέπαισμοι, also πέ- 
παίγμαι, Arist. Thesm. 1227; Plat. Sisyph. 4: 
aor. pass. ἐπαΐίχϑην later, N. T. Matt. 2, 16. 
Verbal παιστέος, Athen. 15, 4. 

naio, to strike, fut. xaiow, and παιήσω in Attic 
Poetry, Xen. Anab. 3, 2,19; Arist. Nub. 1125: 
aor. ἔπαισα, Ausch. Pers. 409: perf. πέπαικα in 
composition, Dem. 1217: perf. pass. πέπαισμαι, 
ἐμπεπαισμένος, embossed, stamped, Athen. 12, 
62: aor. pass. ἐπαίσϑην, Aisch. Choéph. 184: 
aor. mid. ἐπαισάμην transitive, Xen. Cyr. 7, 3, 6. 

παλαΐω, to wrestle, contend, fut. παλαίσω, Pind. 
Isth. 4,90: aor. ἐπάλαϊσα, Odys. 4, 343: perf. 
πεπάλαικα, Anthol. 12, 90: perf. pass. πεπά- 


πασχ 21] 


λαιόμαι, Anthol. 9, 411: aor. pass. ἐπαλαίσϑην, 
Eurip. Elec. 686. 

παλήσειε, aor, opt. 3 sing. for παλαίσειε, Herod. 8, 21. 
It implies 74442. 


παλιλλογέω, to repeat, pluperf. pass. 3 sing. ἐπα- 
λιλλόγητο, Herod 1, 118. 

πάλλω (ITAA), to shake, brandish, agitate, aor. 
ἔπηλα, Soph. Elec. 710: 2 aor. part. πεπολών, 
ἀμπεπαλών Epic, Il. 3, 355; 5, 280: 2 aor. 
pass. ἐπαάίλην later. — Mid. nddkopet, to be agi- 
tated, tremble, perf. πέπαλμαι, isch. Choéph. 
410. 524: aor, ἐπηλάμην, Call. Jov. 64. 


πάλτο, 2 aor. mid. 3. sing. πὰ like ἄλτο from 
ἄλλομαι, 1]. 15, 645. 


παροινέω (πάροινος, οἶνος), to act improperly when 
under the influence of wine, insult, imperf. ἐπα- 
ρῴνεον and ἑπαροίνεον, Dem. 658. 1257: aor. 
παρῴνησα and ἐπαρῴνησα, Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 4; 
Dem. 612: perf. ,“πεπαρῴνηκα, Aischin. 320: 
perf. pass. πεπαρῴνημαι, ἐμπεπαρῴνημαι, later, 
Lucian. : aor: pass. ἐπαρφνήϑην, Dem. 612. 

MAP 2, see TOP. 

πάδασϑαε (πᾶ), See πατέομαι. 

πάσασϑαι (πᾶ), see 71.442. 

πάσχω (Π4ἅΘ4), THOR, TENOR), to ame. 
feel, be affected, fut. πείσομαι, Soph. Tyr. 228: 
aor. ἔπησα rare and. doubtful; Asch. Agam. 
1624: 2 perf. πέπονθα, Epic πέπηϑα. (πεπα- 
ϑυῖα), Soph. Col. 595; Odys. 17, 555; very 
rarely πέποσχα Doric, Etymol. Magn., quoted : 
2 pluperf. (ἐπεπόνϑειν) ἐπεπόνϑη, Arist.. Eccl. 
650: 2 aor. ἔπαϑον, Xen. Cyr. 7,3, 10. 

πέποσϑε, 2 perf. 2 plur. for πεπόνϑατε, Odys. 10, 465 ; 


23, 80. ---συνευπεπονϑώς (σύν, εὖ, πεπονθώς), 2 perf. 
part., benefited, well treated with, Dem. 105, 149. 
The Doric 2 perf. πέποσχα ‘shows that the z is one of 


212 MOTE 


the radical letters, .The steps are 77402, nacdw (like 
διδάσκω, ἐΐσκω. ἀλύσκω, from AIAAX?., εἴκω, ΑΑΥΚΩ), 
πάσχω ᾿ compare the Doric ὄρνιχες for ὄρνιϑες from ὄρνις. ---- 
Some suppose that oxw was appended to the root; thus 
παϑσκω, and by transferring the aspiration of 9 to i, and 
_dropping ‘the remainder, πάσχω " highly satisfactory to deaf 
and dumb scholars, or, which amounts to the same thing, 
_ to such persons@s find it extremely difficult, if not absolutely 
impossible, to pronounce ¢h as in thin. At any rate, the 
bequest of the @ cannot be supported by analogy. 
Eaymplogically connected with the Latin patior, passus. 
πατέομαι (ILA), to taste, eat, Poetic and Ionic, 
Herod. 2, 37: fut. πάσομαι (a), Ausch. Sept. 
1036: pluperf. πεπάσμην.͵ implying perf. πέπα- 
σμαι, Il, 24, 642: aor. éxdoduny, Il. 1, 464; 
Soph. Antig. 202. — Not to be confounded with 
πατέομαι from the regular zatéo. 


It is formed from 7.4.2 after the analogy of ἀτάομαι, ἀτέω, 
from 4.4.2." that is, it presupposes a verbal noun in -r», or -της. 
The theme 774. seems to be etymologically connected 
with βόσκω (1), Latin pasco, pabulum. 
παύω, to cause to cease, stop, repress, fut. παύσω, 
a. Elec, 795: aor. ἔπαυσα, Xen. Mem. 3, 6, 
: perf. πέπαυκα, Dem. 478: aor. pass. ἐπαύ- 
a and ἐπαύσϑην as middle, Hes. Theog. 533 ; 
Herod. 5, 93: fut..pass. παυϑήσομαι as middle, 
Thue. 1, 81: 3 fut. pass. πεπαύσομαι as middle, 
Soph. Antig. 91. Verbal παυστέος (δεῖ waver), 
Plat. Gorg. 167. — Mid. παύομαι, to cease, stop, 
fut. παύσομαι, Soph. Col. 1040: perf. πέπαυμαι, 
Thuc. 1, 6: aor. ἐπαυσάμην, Xen. Hel. 3, 3, 4. 
Verbal παυστέος (δεῖ παύεσϑαι), Dem. 151. 


The imperat.-2 sing. παῦε is often used as middle, cease, 
stop, Hes. Scut. 449; Soph. Phil. 1275. 


ITA, to taste, eat, see πατέομαι. 

HAN, mid. TAOMAT, to acquire, find, fut. πά- 
σομαι (a), Adsch. Eum. 177: perf. πέπᾶμαι as 
present, to possess, Ausch. Choéph. 191; Pind. 


‘ELK 213 


Pyth. 8, 103: pluperf. ἐπεπάμην and reid 
as imperfect, Anthol. 7, 67; Xen. Anab. 1, 
19: aor. ἐπάσάμην; Esch. frag. 1990: 

πείϑω (Π1|Θ42), to persuade, fut. πείσω, Eurip. 
Hec. 294: aor. ἔπεισα, Dem. 1296: perf. πέ- 
mea, Ken. Anab. 6, 4, 14: perf. pass. πέπει- 
σμαι, Thuc. 5, 40: aor. pass. es he: Dem. 
991: 2 aor. ἔπιϑον Poetic, Pind. Pyth. 3,115; 
Epic also πέπιϑον, Hom. Hym. 1, 275; 3, 73 
Il. 1,100; 9,184: 2 perf. πέποιϑα, πεπουϑδοβην, 
as present middle, io trust, Soph. Aj. 769 ; Arist. 
Ach. 940.— Mid. πείϑομαι, to persuade one’s 
self, hence to believe, obey, fut. πείσομαι, Soph. 
Antig. 67: perf. πέπεισμαι, Ausch. Pers. 697: 
2 aor. ἐπιϑόμην Poetic, Soph. Tyr. 321. Verbal 
πειστέος (δεῖ πείϑεσθαι), Xen. Anab. 6, 6, 14. 

From the 2 aor. ἔπιϑον comes a new fut. 

πιϑήσω, will asp “ere 21, 369: aor. ἐπίϑησα, 
πιϑήσας, trusting, 11. 4, 398; Pind. 4, 194.— 
From the Epic 2 aor. πέπιϑον comes another 
new fut. πεπιϑήσω equivalent to πείσω, will αἰνῇ 
‘suade, Tk, 2272239. : 


ἐπέπιϑμεν, 2 pluperf. Epic (from the root m9-) for 
ἐπεποίϑειμεν, I], 2, 341; 4,159; 14, 55.— Pind. Isth. 4, 
122, 2 aor. part. sem Oeivde equivalent. to πεποιϑώς, trusting. 
Hermann objects to this use of πεπιϑών, and proposes πέσυ- 
γος" Pindar, however, seems to prefer πεπιϑῶν. 

It may possibly be etymologically connected with the 
Latin fido, fidus (πιστός, πίσυνος), fides (πίστις), English 
Saith. : 


πείκω and πεχτέω, to shear, comb, fut. Borie πεξῶ, 
‘Theoc. 5, 98: aor. ἔπεξα, Anthol. 6, 279: perf. 
pass. πέπεγμαι, ἀποπέπεκται, in Hesychius: aor. 
pass. ἐπέχϑην, Arist. Nub. 1356: aor. mid. ἐπε- 
ξάμην reflexive, Il. 14, 1765 as. passive, Theoc. 
28, 13. 


The form ποχτέω presupposes a verbal noun in -τῆς fom 
the simple πείκω (ITEK?2). 


214 πεῖν 


βεπιορι ρθε, connected with the Latin pecto, pectcn, 


πεινάω (é), to hunger, be hungry, regular, except 
that it contracts HE, BEL into ἡ, ἢ); respectively ; 
as πεινῇν for πεινᾷν, Arist. Nub. 441 ; 1]. 3, 25. 
πεινήμεναι, infin, Epic, asif from πείνημι, Odys. 20, 
. 187. Compare πενϑήμεναι, φιλήμεναι, from πενϑέω, φιλέω. 
πειραίνω, Epic for περαίνω, Pind. Isth. 8, 49 : aor. 
ἐπείρηνα; Odys. 22, 175: perf. pass. 3 sing. πε- 
πείρανται, Soph. Trach. 58: 
πειράω, to iry, prove, fut. πειράσω (&), Thuc. 4, 
43: aor. ἐπείρᾶσα, Soph. Col. 1256: aor. pass. 
᾿ ἐπειρείϑην as middle, Arist. Eq. 506.— Epic 
and Ionic πειρήσω, ἐπείρησα, ἐπειρήϑην, 1]. 12, 
901 ; Herod. 7, 135. — Mid. πειράομαι generally 
᾿ς equivalent to the active, fut. πειράσομαι, Xen. 
Eq. 10, 5: perf. πεπείρᾶμαι, Dem. 255. 1453: 
aor. ἐπειρασάμην, Thuc. 2, 44. Verbal πειρα- 
téos (δεῖ πειρᾶσθαι), Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 34. 
πείρω (ITE P£2), to pierce, transfiz, pass through, 
fut. περῶ, Soph. Aj. 461: aor. ἔπειρα, Herod. 4, 
103: perf. pass. πέπαρμαι, Arist. Ach. 794: 
2 aor. pass. ἐπάρην, Herod. 4, 94. 


Soph. Aj. 461, πέλαγος méoga may be compared with κύ- 
ματα πείθων, and πεῖρε κέλευϑον, 1]. 24,8; Odys. 8, 183; 
2,434. 

It seems to be etymologically connected with the Latin 
veru, English spear, spur, prerany Italian sprone (whence 
Romaic σπιρούνι). 


πελίω {πέλας, ILAAS2), to cause to approach, 
bring near, Epic, infin. weAdav (πελᾷν), Hom. 
Hym. 6, 44; also πελάϑω (ὧν, to approach, in 
Attic Poetry, ᾿Ευήρ. Rhes. 556; Arist. ‘Thesm. 
58: perf. pass. πέπλημαι, Odys. 12, 108: aor. 
pass. ἐπλάϑην (a) as middle, m Attic Poetry, 
Esch. ‘Prom. 896; Eurip. Rhes. 920: 2 aor. 
mid. ἐπλήμην, to approach, Hes. Theog. 193 ; 
Il. 4, 449; 14, 438. 


7290 215 


The theme 7744 is formed by syncope, or rather meta- 
thesis, from πελάω" thus, πελάω, πλεαω, LAAN. 
Etymologically connected with κέλλω, Latin pello. 
πέλω, to be, Poetic, Il. 3, 3: imperf. ἔπελον, πέλον, 
Pind. Olym.. 1, 72; Hes. Scut. 164,— Mid. 
πέλομαι, equivalent to the active, and more com- 
monly used, Il. 1, 284: imperf. ἐπελόμην, πελό- 
μὴν, Il. 9, 526. 


ἔπλε, was, imperf. 3 sing. syncopated, for ἔπελε, Ll. 12, 

11. — ἔπλεο, contracted ἔπλευ and πέλευ, imperf. mid. 2 
sing. syncopated, as present, thou art, Il. 1, 418; 9, 54; 
24,219; Ssing. ἔπλετο, he is, Il. 1, 506. — πλόμενος, 
ἐπιπλόμενος, περιπλόμενος, pres. mid, part. syncopated, — 
revolving, surrounding, Odys. 7, 261 ; 1], 23, 833. 

πενϑέω (πένϑο-ς); to sorrow, regular. — Epic infin. 
πεν ϑήμεν αι, like φιλήμεναι, as if from hawks 
ut, Odys. 18, 174. 

MENON, πέποσϑε, 566 πάσγω. 

πέπρωται, πεπρωμένη, see ΠΟΡΜ). 

πέπτω, see πέσσω. 

περαίνω (πέρας), to ΟΝ ut an end: to, fut. 
περανῶ, Thuc. 6,86: aor. éxégava, Soph. Aj. 
22: perf. pass. infin. πεπεράνθαι, Plat. Gorg. 
61: aor. pass. , ἐπεράνϑην, Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 89. 
Verbal megavtéos, Plat. Leg. 4, 7. 

zeoda, to go over, pass through, fut. περάσω (ἃ), 
Xen. Cyr. 7, 2, 20: aor. ἐπέρᾶσα, Soph. Tyr. - 
674: perf. πεπέρακα, Aasch. Pers. 65.— Epic 
and Ionic περήσω, ἐπέρησα, Il. 5, 646; 21, 594. 

For the Epic περάᾳν, ἐπέρᾶσα (oc), πεπέρημαι, See πιπρά- 

oxw, to which they properly belong. 

πέρδομαι, pedo, Arist. Nub. 9: fut. παρδήσομαι; 
Arist. Ran. 10: 2 aor. ἔπαρδον, πάρδω, Arist. 
Eq. 639: 2 perf. πέπορδα as present, Arist: Nub. 
392: 2 pluperf. ἐπεπόρδειν as imperfect, Arist. 
Vesp. 1305. 


Arist. Vesp. 394, ἀποπάρδω is written also ἀποπαρδῶ, 


216 περϑ' 


implying 2 aor. pass. ἐπάρδην, analogous to ἐδράκην from 
δέρκομαι " whence also 2 fut. pass. παρδήσομαι. 
It is an onomatopy, connected with the Latin pedo. 
πέρϑω, to lay waste, sack as a city, Poetic, fut. 
mégow, Soph. Phil. 114: aor. ἔπερσα, Odys. 1, 
2: 2 aor. ἔπραθον Epic, Pind. Pyth. 9, 141: fut. 
mid. πέρσομαι as passive, Il. 24, 729: 2 aor. 
mid. ἐπραθόμην as passive, Odys. 15, 384. — 
Pass. πέρθομαι, περθόμενος, as aorist, Il. 2,374: 
imperf. ἐπερθόμην as aorist, Il. 12, 15. — Prose 
writers use the regular πορθέω. 


πέρϑαι, 2 aor, mid. infin. syncopated, as passive, 1]. 16, 


708. 
It seems to be ger aA connected with the ae 


perdo. 


περιέπω, 566 ἕπω. 

πέρνημι (περάω), Poetic for πιπράσκω, part. megvds, 
Il, 22, 45; Eurip. Cycl. 271. — Pass. πέρναμαι, 
Arist. Eq. 176: imperf. ἐπερνάμην, Pind. Isth. 
2, 11. 

πέρνασκε, imperf, iterative, like toraoxe from ἵστημι, 1]- 

24, 752. 

πέσσω OF πέττω, later πέπτω (HEM), to cook, 
digest, aor. ἔπεψοαι, Il. 1,81: perf. pass. πέπεμμαι, 
Arist. Plut.. 1126: aor. pass. ἐπέφθην, Arist. 
Vesp. 668. 

The theme Z£E72 is etymologically connected with the 
Latin coguo, cocus, coguina, English cook, cake, bake, 
kitchen. 

πέταμαι, see πετάομαι. | 

πετάννῦμι and πεταννύω (ITET{2), to expand, 
later πετάω, Xen. Anab. 7, 1,17: fut. πετάσω 
(a), πετῶ, - GS, Eurip. Taur. 1134; Suidas voc. 
ἀναπετῶ : aor. ἐπέτᾶσα (90); Eurin. Pheen. 788 ; 
Il. 4, 523: perf. πεπέτασμαι, Attic πέπτᾶἄμαι, 
Herod. 1, 62; Athen. 4, 29; Arist. Nub. 343: 


πη)» 217 


aor. pass. ἐπετάσθην, Eurip. Cycl. 497. — See 
Rem. § 17. 


Etymologically connected with the Latin pateo, pando. 


πετάομαι, and πέτἄμαι like ἵσταμαι, for πέτομαι, 
to fly, Herod. 3, 111; Pind. ΚΎΙΒ. 8, 128: aor. 
pass. ἐπετάσϑην, Anacr. 40, 6. ; 
Anacr. 9, 2, πέτασαι, 2 pers. sing. from πέταμαι,͵ like 
ἵστασαν from ἵσταμαι. It is by some changed into πέτασσαι, 
by others, into πετᾶσαι from πετάομαι, like κοιμᾶσαι, ὀδυνᾶσαι, 
Alexandrian for χοιμᾷ, odvre. But as this Anacreontic ode 
was written when the language was in its decline, which 
implies that Anacreon had nothing to do with it, it is fair to 
suppose that its author considered the penult of πέτασαν 
long. .There is no end to proposing ound emendations. 


πετάω, see πετάννυμι. 

πέτομαι (HET LR, HETALR), to fly, Eurip: don, 
90: fut. πετήσομαι, Arist. Pac. 77: 2 aor. ἐπτό- 
μὴν syncopated, πτοίμην, πτέσϑαι, πτόμενος, 
Soph. Aj. 693; Tyr. 17; Plat. Phedo, 134; 
Rep. 2, 8. — See also ἵπταμαι. 

TET 2, see πετάννυμι, πέτομαι, πίπτω. 

πεύϑομαι, see πυνθάνομαι. 

πέφνον, see ΦΕΝΩ, 

πήγνυμι and πηγνύω, later πήσσω or πήττω (ITA- 
PR, MALL), to fasten, fix, stiffen, Sreeze, 
transitive, Xen. Ven. 6, 7: fut. πήξω, 1]. 22, 
283 ; Pind. Olym. 6, 4: aor. ἔπηξα, Soph. Aj. 
821: perf. pass. πέπηγμαι later: aor. pass. ἐπή- 
χϑὴν not common, Eurip. Cycl. 302; Theoc. 23, 
31: 2 aor. pass. ἐπάγην the usual aorist passive, 
fsch. Kum. 190: 2 perf. πέπηγα, Doric πέπᾶ- 
va, as present vai to be fixed, stand fast, 
I]. 3, 1355 Ale. 1: 2 pluperf. ἐπεπήγειν as im- 
perfect middle, Thuc. 7, 38.— Mid. πήγνυμαι 
apnea Hes. Op. 807: aor. ἀνὰ ἄρα Herod. 


5, 83. Pind. frag. 137. 
19 


218 πηϑὼ 


πήγνῦτο, pres. mid. opt. 3 sing., Plat. Phedo, 154. The 
analogical form would be ayyrvito or ajyywto, like ἱσταῖτο 
or δύναιτο, formed by annexing -:70 to the root πηγνυ-. But 
according to the ancient grammarians the diphthong w 
cannot stand before a consonant. Therefore the . was drop- 
ped and the v lengthened. See Eustath. ad 1]. 13, 379; 
also Bekker’s Anecdota, ὀμνύην, ζευγνύην, in the Index ; and 
compare λελῦτο, δαινῦτο. --- ἔπη κτο, 2 aor. mid. 3 sing. syn- 
copated, Il. 11, 378. 
‘The theme HAT is connected with πάσσαλος, Latin 
pango, paxillus, palus, vallus, pessulus, figo, English peg, 
pole, Romaic¢ παλούκι. 


HHO, see πάσχω. 

πημαίνω (πῆμα, THM ANS), to injure, fut. πη- 
μανέω, πημανώ, Il. 24, 781; Eurip. Aul. 525: 
aor. ἐπήμηνα, Soph. Col. 837: ‘aor. pass. ἐπη- 
μάνϑην, isch. Prom. 334: fut. mid. πημανοῦ- 
pat reflexive, Soph. Aj. 1155. 

Arist. Ach. 842, πημανεῖται, in Dindorf’s edition πη- 

μανεῖ τι. 

πήσσω, See πήγνυμι. 

πιάζω (πιέζω), to press with the hand, grasp, take 
ri of, catch, aor. ἐπίαξα and ἐπίασα, Theoc. 4, 

N, Tt. John, 21, 3: aor. pass. ἐπιάσθην, 

a . 

mélo, to press, squeeze, fut. πιέσω, Athen. 4, 11: 
aor. émisoa, not Attic ἐπίεξα, Herod. 9, 63; 
Hippocr.: perf. pass. πεπίεσμαι, and πεπίεγμαι 
not Attic, Hippocr.: aor. pass. ἐπιέσθην, and 
ἐπιέχθην not Attic, Herod. 4, 11; Hippocr. 

Epic and Ionic πιεζέω, Hippocr.: imperf. ἐπιέζεον con- 
tracted ἐπιέζευν, Odys. 12, 174: pres. pass. part. πιεζεόμεγος 
contracted πιεξζεύμενος, Herod. 3,146; 6, 108. 

πιθήσω, πιθήσας, see πείθω. 

πιλνάω (πελάω), to cause to approach, bring near, 
Epic, Hes. Op. 508. — Mid. πίλναμαι, to ap- 
proach, like ἵσταμαι, I). 19, 93; Hes. Theog. 
703. β 

πιμπλάνομαι, Epic for πίμπλαμαι, 1]. 9, 679. 


πιμπ 99:19 


πίμπλημι (ITAAQ, πιμπλάω), Ionic also πιμπλέω, 
to fill, inflected like ἵσταμαι in the present and 
imperfect, Il. 21, 23; Arist. Av. 1310; Hes. 
Theog. 880; Herod. 7, 39; Hippocr.: imperf. 
ἐπίμπλην, rarely ἐπίμπλων (-αον), Xen. Anab. 
1, 5,10; Cyr. 6, 1, 26: fut. πλήσω, Eurip. Hip. 
691: aor. ἔπλησα, Herod. 2, 87: perf. πέπληκα, 
ἐμπέπληκα, Plat. Gorg. 157: perf. pass. πέπλη- 
σμαι, Plat. Rep. 7,3: pluperf. pass. ἐπεπλήμην, 
Lysias, 820: aor. pass. ἐπλήσθην, Eurip. Heracl. 
646. Verbal πληστέος, Plat. Rep. 2, 14. — 
Mid. πίμπλαμαι, aor. ἐπλησάμην transitive, He- 
rod. 2, 87: 2 aor. éaAnuny as passive, Il. 17, 
499; Odys. 8, 16; Hes. Scut. 146; Theog. 
688 ; in the Attic dialect ἐπλήμην is reflexive. 


The present and imperfect drop the first 1 when, in com- 
position, another μ᾽ comes to stand before the first syllable ; 
as ἐμπίπλημι, not ἐμπίμπλημι. The same remark applies also 
tO πίμπρημι; aS ἐμπίπρημι. 

ἐμπίπληϑι, imperat. 2 sing. for ἐμπίπλαᾶϑι, Il. 21, 311. 
— ἐμπιπλ εἰς, part. from ἐμπιπλέω, -πλημι, Hippocr. 

Etymologically connected with πλῆϑος, πολύς, πλέος OF 
πλέως, πλήρης, Latin plus, populus (with the reduplication), 
plebs, plurimus, plenus, pleo, plerusque, English fill, full. 

πίμπρημι and πιμπράω (ITPA), rarely πρήθω, 
to burn, like ἵσταμαι in the present and imper- 
fect, Eurip. Troad. 893; Xen. Anab. 7, 4, 15; 
Hel. 6, 5, 22; Il. 9, 589: fut. πρήσω, Ausch. 
Sept. 434: aor. ἔπρησα, Xen. Anab. 4, 4, 14: 
perf. πέπρηκα, ὑποπέπρηκα, Hippocr.: perf. pass. 
πέπρημαι and πέπρησμαι, Arist. Vesp.. 36; 
Herod. 8, 144: aor. pass. ἐπρήσϑην, Thuc. 4, 
29: 3 fut. pass. πεπρήσομαι, Herod. 6, 9.— 
See also πίμπλημι. 


πίμπρησι, ὑποπίμπρησι, pres. subj. 3 sing. with the 
Epic termination -σι, for the analogical πιμπρῇ, Arist. Lys. 
348. Compare σχεδάννῦσι from σκεδάνγυμι. ---τ ἔπρεσα, aor. 
act. for ἔπρησα, Hes. Theog. 856. 


220 πινυν 


nue mee connected with πῦρ, English fire, burn, 
brown, 


πινύσκω, later πινύσσω (HINY 2, IINYS2), to ren- 
der intelligent, advise, Ausch. Pers. 830; Nau- 
mach. 32: perf. pass. πέπνῦμαι as present, io be 
animated, wise, discreet, Il. 24, 377; imperat. 
πέπνῦσο, Theogn. 29; infin. πεπνύσθαι, 1]. 23, 
440; part. πεπνῦμένος, Hes. Op. 729: plupertf. 
ἐπεπνύμην () as imperfect, Odys. 23, 210. 
The forms πέπνυμαι, ὅσο. are generally subjoined to πνέω. 
The theme ΣΙΝ, is formed from Nr by simply in- 
_ serting . before ν. Compare μνᾶ, Latin mina. 
πίνω (II2, TOS), to drink, fut. πίομαι com- 
monly long ¢, also πιοῦμαι rare in the early au- 
thors, Soph. Col. 622; Xen. Con” 4, 7: perf. 
πέπωκα, Eurip. Cycl. 536 : perf. pass. πέπομαι, 
Dem. 34: aor. pass. ἐπόθην, Misch. Choéph. 
66: 2 aor. ἔπιον commonly short ι, πίω, πίοιμι, 
mie commonly πῖθι, πιεῖν, πιών, Soph. Tyr. 
1401; Arist. Vesp. 1489; Il. 16, 825. Verbal 
mortos, Plat. Leg. 2, 14. 


πεῖν, 2 aor. infin. for πιεῖν, Anthol. 11, 140; perhaps an 
attempt at synizesis, — Pind. Olym. 6, 147, πίομαι com- 
monly considered as a present, 7 drink. ‘ But I can see 
no reason,” says Donaldson, “ for making this an excep- 
tion to the rule. The meaning [of the passage τᾶς 
éoatewor.... ὕμνον] 15, ‘ whose pleasant water I will drink, 


when I weave a hymn for warriors.’ ”’ 
Connected with the Latin poto, bibo (with the reduplica- 


pre's 

πιπίσχω (IIIS, πίνω), to give to drink, to water, 
Hippocr. de Loc. in Homin. § 39: fut. πίσω (i), 
Pind. Isth. 6, 108: aor. ἔπισα, ἐνέπισα, Pind. 
frag. 77,1; Hippoer. de Loc. in Homin. § 38: 
aor. pass. ἐπίσϑην later Epic, Nicand. Ther. 624: 
aor. mid. ἐπισάμην later Epic, Nicand. Ther. 877. 

πίπλω, ἔπιπλον, for πίμπλημι, rare and doubtful, 
Hes. Scut. 291. 


LTV | 221 


πιπράσκχω (περάω, oe to sell, Call. frag. 419: 
fut. περάσω (&), Epic infin. περάᾳν (περάσειν, 
περᾷν), Il. 21, 454: aor. ἑπέρασα (oc) Epic, 
Odys. 15, 428. 387: perf. πέπρᾶκα, Dem. 104: 
perf. pass. πέπρᾶμαι, Xen. Con. 4, 31: aor. 
pass. ἐπράϑην (a), Soph. Trach. 252: fut. pass. 
πραϑήσομαι rare, Athen. 4, 51: 3 fut. pass. 
πεπράσομαι the usual future passive, Xen. Anab. 
7, 1, 36. — Ionic πιπρήσκω; πέπρημαι, ἐπρήϑην. 
Verbal moatéos, Plat. Leg. 8, 13, 

For the Epic περάσω, ἐπέρασα, Attic writers use ἐδρκων, 
μαι, ἀπεδόμην, from ἀποδίδωμι. ---- The perf. pass. infin. πε- 
πρᾶσϑαι is often equivalent to the aor. pass. infin. πραϑῆναι; 
Arist. Ach. 794. 735.— The forms πιπράσκω, πέπρᾶκα, 


πέπραμαι, and ἐπράϑην are formed from περάω by metathesis 
and contraction. Compare κεράννυμι. 


πίπτω (HET2, HTE2Q, ITO), to fall, fut. πε- 
covuat, resolved πεσέομαι Epic and Ionic, Thuc. | 
δ, 9; Herod. 7, 163; Il. 11, 824: aor. ἔπεσα: 
rare in the early authors, commonly ἔπεσον, 
ZEschin. 303; Soph. Aj. 620: perf. πέπτωκα, 
Thue. 4, 112; rare and later πέπτηκα, πεπτη- 
κότας, Anthol. 7, 427: 2 aor. ἔπετον Doric, Pind. 
Olym. 7, 126; Pyth. 5, 66: 2 perf. part. πε- 
πτεώς, -@TOS, and πεπτηώς, -υἵα, -ὦτος OF -OTOS, 
Epic, Odys. 22, 384; Il. 21,503; Apol. 2, 832; . 
Attic πεπτώς, -<at0S, Soph. Antig. 697; Aj. 828. 


The part. πεπτηώς must not be confounded with the 
corresponding form from πτήσσω. 


πιτνάω and πίτνημι (πετάω), for πετάννυμι, to ex- 
pand, Epic, part. mitvds, Odys. 11,392: imperf. 
3 sing. πίτνᾶ, 3 plur. πίτνᾶν for ἐπίτνἄσαν, Il. 
21,7; Pind. Nem. 5, 20. — Pass. imperf. 3 plur. 
,ἐπίτναντο, Eurip. Elec. 713. 

πίτνω (TET), for πίπτω, to fall, Poetic, προσ- . 
πίτνομεν, ΕΟ iid πιτνόντων, Soph. Col. 


222, πιφα 


1754; ἄλβοῃ. Pers. 461; Eurip. Elec. 691: 
imperf. ἔπιτνον as aorist, Soph. Col. 1732. 
The forms πέτνω, πίτνεις, πίτνει, πίτνουσι, πίτνων, πίτνοντες, 

are written also πιτνῶ, -εἴς, -εἴ, -οὖσι, -ὧν, -οὔντες, as if from 
πιτνέω, the existence of which, however, will always be 
considered doubtful, until its supporters produce the forms 
πιτνοῦμεν, πιτνεῖτε, énitvovy. — Eurip. Heracl. 617, προπί- 
tvev, in Dindorf’s edition προπίτνων, Elmsley’s emenda- 
tion.— Pind. Isth. 2, 39, πιτνῶντα, implying aitvaw’ 
Donaldson edits autyovta, 2 aor. part. as from aityor’ 
nitvovta (pres. part.) would be more exquisite ; but exqui- 
siteness is no test of genuineness. 

πιφαύσκω (φάσκω, PAS), to say, tell, Asch. Eum. 
620; Il. 10, 202. 478; also to show, AXsch. Pers. 
661. — Mid. πιφαύσκομαι and πιφάσκομαι, Hes. 
Theog. 655; Il. 21, 99. 

Originally DAF 2, πιφα Εσκω. 

ITI22, see πίνω. 

HMAAT'S2, see πλήσσω. 

πλάζω (ITAAIT'S$2), to cause to wander, Poetic, 
Il. 2, 132: aor. ἔπλαγξα, Odys. 24, 307: aor. 
pass. ἐπλάγχϑην as middle, Odys. 1, 2; Il. 1, 

. 59. — Mid. πλάζομαι, to wander, Soph. Aj. 886: 
fut. πλάγξομαι, Odys. 15, 312: aor. mid. éxAay- 
ξάμην later Epic, Apol. 3, 261. 

HAA, see πίμπλημι, πλήϑω. 

πλέω (IITAEYL2), to sail, fut. πλεύσω, commonly 
πλεύσομαι or πλευσοῦμαι, Dinarch. 92; Xen. 

_Anab. 5, 6, 12; Thuc. 1, 53: aor. ἔπλευσα, 
Eurip. Med. 7: perf. πέπλευκα, Soph. Phil. 72: 
perf. pass. πέπλευσμαι, Dem. 1286: aor. pass. 
ἐπλεύσϑην not classical, Scholiast. Thuc. 2, 97. 

πλήϑω (ITAA), to be full, abound, Asch. Pers. 
272: 2 perf. πέπληθα as present, Theoc. 22, 
38: 2 pluperf. ἐπεπλήϑειν as imperfect, Apol. 3, 
271. 


πλήσσω or πλήττω (Π447.2, WAHT), to 


VEO 223 


strike, fut. πλήξω, Aisch. frag. 255: aor. ἔπληξα, 
Eurip. Aul. 1579: perf. pass. πέπληγμαι, Arist. 
Ach. 1218: aor. pass. ἐπλήχϑην rare, Eurip. 
Troad. 183: 3 fut. πεπλήξομαι, Arist. Eq. 272: 
2 aor. πέπληγον Epic, Il. 23, 363. 660: 2 perf. 
πέπληγα, Il. 2, 264; Arist. Av. 1350: 2 aor. 
pass. ἐπλήγην, Doric ἐπλάγην (ἃ), in composi- 
tion ἐπλάγην (a), as κατεπλάγην, Dem. 525; 
Thuc. 1, 81; Call. Cer. 40. Verbal πληκτέος, 
Dinarch. 72. — Mid. πλήσσομαι also πλήγνυ- 
wat, Thuc. 4, 125: aor. ἐπληξάμην, Herod. 3, 
14: 2 aor. πεπληγόμην Epic, 1]. 12, 162. - 
ἐπέπληγον Or πέπληγον, a new imperfect, II. 5, 504 ; 

Odys. 8, 264. ---- κατεπλήγην and ἐξεπλήγην, 2 aor. pass. 
for -ἄγην, in Homer, Il. 3, 81; 18,225; Hom. Hym. 7, 
50. — πεπλήγων, part. from a new present πεπληγω, Call. 
Jov. 53. — The 2 perf. πέπληγ α sometimes is used passive- 
ly, especially by the later writers. 

πλύνω, to wash as clothes, fut. πλυνέω, πλυνῶ, 
Odys. 6, 31; Arist. Thesm. 248: aor. ἔπλῦνα, 
Dem. 1259: perf. pass. πέπλύῦμαι, Athen. 9, 22: 
aor. pass. ἐπλύθην (v), Hippocr. Verbal πλυ- 
téos, Athen. 3, 86. — Mid. πλύνομαι reflexive, 
aor. ἐπλυνάμην, Herod. 4, 73: fut. πλυνοῦμαι, 
Arist. Plut. 1064. + 

πλώω, Epic and Ionic for πλέω, to sail, Odys. 5, 
240; Herod. 8, 23: fut. πλώσομαι, aor. ἔπλῶώσα, 
perf. πέπλωκα, Herod. 8, 5; 4, 99; Il. 3, 47: 
2 aor. ἔπλων, ἐπιπλώς, Hes. Op. 648; Odys. 3, 
18; T2, Ge. 

“The use of πέπλωκα by Aristophanes [’Thesm. 878] who 
puts it into the mouth of Euripides is supposed to have been 
in ridicule of the Tragedian for introducing it at Hel. 532, 
where however Matthie edits πεπλευκότα." Carmichael. 

πνέω (IINEYL), to blow, breathe, fut. πνεύσω, 
commonly πνεύσομαι or πνευσοῦμαι, Dem. 284; 
Eurip. Andr. 555; Arist. Ran. 1221: aor. % 


224 πνιγ 


πνευσο, Xen. Hel. 7, 4,32: perf. πέπνευκα, Plat. 
Pheedr. 100: aor. pass. ἐπνεύσθην later. ~ See 
also ἀμπνύω, πινύσκω. 
We have already attempted to connect this verb with the 

Saxon blowan, English blow. 

πνίγω (1), to choke, strangle, suffocate, fut. πνίξω, 
Athen. 2, 74: aor. ἕπνιξα, Xen. Hel. 3, 1, 14: 
perf. pass. πέπνιγμαι, Arist. Vesp. 511: 2 aor. 
pass. ἐπνίγην (2), Dem. 883: fut. mid. πνιξοῦ- 
wat, Athen, 2 2, 57. 

TINT 2, see ἀμπνύω, πινύσχω, ποιπνύω. 

OE, SCE OLED. 

ποθέω (πόθος), io desire, regret, miss, fut. ποθήσω, 
ποθέσομαι, Xen. Mem. 3, 11, 3; Plat. Phzedr. 
106: aor. ἐπόθησα and ἐπόθεσα, Xen. Hel. ἐμὴν Ἢ 
30; Isocr. 385: perf πεπόθηκα, Anthol. i, 
417. 


ποϑήμεναι, infin. Epic, as if from ποϑημι, Odys. 12, 
110: — The noun πόϑος is derived from ΠΆΘΩ (ZEO?, 
TIENO2). And as the primary meaning of πάσχω is to ex- 
perience an emotion or sensation, the primary meaning of 
πόϑος must be emotion, feeling. 


ποιξω and ποέω, to make, do, regular, Arist. Ran. 
522. 526: 3 fut. pass. πεποιήσομαι, Hippocr. : 
‘fut. mid. ποιήσομαι as passive, Hippocr. 

The form ποέω, without the ε, is of frequent occurrence 
in ancient inscriptions; as ἐποησάταν, ποεῖν, ἐπόεισεν, for 
ἐποιησάτην, ποιεῖν, ἐποίησεν, Boeckh’s Corp. Inscript. 25 ; 
103, 17; 8, 9. Add to this fact the analogy of the Latin 
ae We, ποιητής. 

ποινάομαι (ποινή), to exact retribution, punish, in 
Hesychius: fut. ποινάσομαι (a), Eunp. Taur. 
1491. 

ποιπνύω (πνέω, ITNY22), long v, to busile about, 
Epic, Il. 1, 600; 24, 475: aor. ἐποίπνῦσα, Il. 8, 
219. 

πολεμίζω and πτολεμίζω (πόλεμος), Epic for πολε- 


πρασ 225 


μέω, to war, fight, Ul. 18, 123. 223: fut. πολεμίξω 
and πτολεμίξω, 1]. 24, 667 ; 2, 328: aor. πτολέ- 
μιξα, Apol. 3, 1233. 

novia (πόνος), to labor, feel fatigue, suffer pain, 
wee by labor; sometimes to cause pain, dis- 
tress, Pind. Pyth. 6, 268: fut. πονήσω, πονέσω, 
Asch. Prom. 848 ; Hippocr. : aor. ἐπόνησα, ἐπό- 
νεσα, Xen. Anab. ἢ, 6, 41; Hippocr.: perf. πε- 
πόνηκα, Arist. Pac. 820 ; Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 22: 
pert. pass. πεπόνημαι, Isoc. 43: aor. pass. ἐπο- 
γήθην, Doric ἐπονάθην, Pind. Olym. 6, 17; as 
middle, Eurip. Hel. 1509. Verbal πονητέος, 
Isoc. Antid. p. 123. — Mid. πονέομαι as active, 
fut. πονήσομαι, Odys. 22, 377: perf. πεπόνη- 

μαι as present, Soph. Trach. 985 ; Herod. 2, 
68: plupert. ἐπεπονήμην as imperfect, I]. 15, 
447: aor. éxovnoduny, Odys. 9, 250. 

HOPS or MPO, and ΠΆΡΩ, to give, Poetic, 
2 aor. ἔπορον, 1]. 17, 196; Soph. Tyr. 921 ; infin. 
πεπορεῖν and πεπαρεῖν Epic, to show, make 
known, cause to appear, Pind. Pyth. 2, 105: perf. 
pass. 3 sing. πέπρωται, is fated, AXsch. Prom. 
519; part. πεπρωμένος, decreed by fate, Il. 3, 309: 
pluperf. 3 sing. πέπρωτο, it was fated, Hes. 
Theog. 464. — Perf. part. πεπρωμένη as a sub- 
stantive, fate, destiny. 

Hesychius has MENAQEVILMOY, εὔφραστον, σαφὲς " πε- 
παρεῖν; ἐνδεῖξαι, σημῆναι. --- The form ΣΆ: Ω, may safely be 
connected with the Latin pario, pareo. : 

πορεύω, to cause to go, convey, carry, rather Poetic 
in the active, regular: aor. pass. ἐπορεύθην as 
middle, io go, march, Xen. Anab. 3, 4, 10. 

ποτάομαι, also ποτέομαι not Attic, Poetic for πέτο- 
μαι, to Sly, regular. 

IT O82, see πίνω. 

πράσσω or πράττω (IIPAI'2), to do, fut. πράξω, 


226 πραῶ 


Soph. Col. 645: aor. ἔπραξα, Xen. Cyr. ὅ, 4, 
23: πέπρᾶχα, Dem. 972: perf. pass. MEM OKAY UAL, " 
Eurip. Hec. 1038: aor. pass. ἐπράχθην, Thuc. 
6,28: 3 fut. pass. πεπράξομαι, Arist. Plut. 1027: 
2 perf. πέπρᾶγα intransitive, to have done well or 
ill, Pind. Pyth. 2, 134. Verbal πρακτέος, Soph. 
Tyr. 1439. — Mid. πράσσομαι, to exact as money, 
require for one’s self, πράξομαι, πέπραγμαι, 
ἐπραξάμην, Thuc. 8, 37; Dem. 786. 931. 845; 
Xen. Hel. 1, 5, 19; Soph. Tyr. 287. 

The Tonians ΓῊΥΝ a into ἡ throughout, as πρήσσω, πέ- 
πρηγα, which shows that the penult of this verb is also Ming 
by nature. 

In connexion with certain adverbs (as εὖ, κακῶς), the ac- 
tive is intransitive, to do well or ill, to be prosperous or un- 
fortunate, in which case πέπρᾶγα 15 its proper perfect. — 
Xen. Hel. 1, 4, 2, πέπραγα has the force of the perfect 


middle πέπραγμαι " the antecedent of ὧν is put in the geni- 
tive by attraction; πάντων ὧν, for πάντα ὧν. 


IPAQ, see πίμπρημι, πιπράσκχω. 

πρήθω, 566 πίμπρημι. 

IIPIAMAI, to buy, 2 aor. ἐπριάμην, πρίωμαι, 
πριαίμην, πρίασο and πρίω, πρίασθαι, πριάμε- 
γος, Arist. Nub. 23. The rest is borrowed from 
ὠνέομαι. 

πρίω (Ὁ) and πρίζω, to saw, gnash the teeth, Arist. 
Ran. 927; Plat. Theog. 4: aor. ἔπρισα, Thue. 4, 
100: perf, pass. πέπρισμαι, aor. pass. ἐπρίσθην, 
Arist. Pac. 1135. 1261. 4 

προβέβουλα, see βούλομαι. 

προΐσσομαι, to offer an extended hand (for charity), 
to beg, Archil. frag. 28, 2: fut. προΐσσομαι only 
in composition καταπροΐσσομαι, will get off un- 
punished, do any thing with impunity, always ac- 
companied by ov, not, Herod. 3, 36; Arist. Vesp. 
1396. 

προσκχυνέω, See κυνέω. 


πτυῶ 297 


προυσελέω, to abuse, insult, defective and Poetic, 
1 plur. προυσελοῦμεν, Arist. Ran. 730: part. 
pass. προυσελούμενος, Ausch. Prom. 438. 


Hesychius has προσέλει, προπηλακίζει " προυγελεῖν, 
προπηλακίζειν, ὑβρίζειν. The Etymologicum Magnum (voc. 
προσέληνοι) has προυσελλεῖν λέγουσι τὸ ὑβρίζειν. 

Its equivalent προπηλακέζω (πρό, πηλός) suggests ἕλος, 
marsh, swamp, pool. We may therefore assume προῦ Ε ε- 
λεω. By dropping Ε΄, we obtain προσέλει, προυσελλεῖν. The 
form προυγελεῖν is obtained by dropping o and changing Ε΄ 
into y. Buttmann, oddly enough, objects to this derivation 
on account of its apparent agreement with a word of a simi- 
lar meaning, προπηλακίζω, which is derived from πηλός, mud. 


προφασίζομαι (πρόφασις). to make preterts, feign 
an excuse, fut. προφασιοῦμαι, JE schin. 416: aor. 
προὐφασισάμην (προεφασισάμην), Thue. 5, 54: 
aor. pass. part. προφασισθέν passively used, 
Thuc. 8, 33. 

MPO, see WOPL. 3 

cco pts (HT APS), to sneeze, Xen. Anab. 3, 2, 
9: 2 aor. éxtagoy, Arist. Ran. 647: 2 aor. pass. 
part. πταρείς, Hippocr. 

ATAL, see ἵπταμαι, πτήσσω. 

πτήσσω (ITAKR, ΠΤΉ ΚΙ, ΠΤ AQ, UTHMD), 
to crouch from “fear, to fear,. be lerrified, fut. 
πτήξω, Anthol. 12, 141: aor. ἔπτηξα, Soph. Aj. 

171 1; Col. 1466; sometimes causatively, to ter- 
rif, Il. 4, 40; Eurip. Hec. 180: perf. ἔπτηχα; 
Isoc. 94: 2 aor. ExT Axor, Asch. Eum. 252 ; also 
2 aor. 3 dual πτήτην Epic, ll. 8, 136: 2 perf. 
πεπτηώς, -via, -atos, Epic, Odys. 14, 354. 474. 

The 2 perf. part. πεπτηώς must not be confounded with 

the corresponding form of πέπτω. ) 

πτολεμίζω, see πολεμίζω. 

HTO, see πίπτω. 

πτύω, to. spit, fut. πτύσω, πτύσομαι (3), Hippocr. : 
Anthol. 5, 197: aor. ἐπτῦσο; Soph. Antig. 653: 


228 , πυθὼ 


aor. pass. ἐπτύσθην, 2.aor. pass. ἐπτύην, Hip- 
pocr. — 

_ Itisan onomatopy, connected with the Latin spwo, English 
spit: — 

πύθω (v), to cause to decay, rot, transitive, Hes. 
Op. 624: fut. πύσω (Ὁ), 1]. 4, 174: aor. ἔπῦσα, 
Hom. Hym. 1, 371. 374; but πύσε (Ὁ), Call. 
frag. 313. — Mid. πύθομαι; to rot, intransitive, Il. 
23, 328. 

iy nioléyieatly connected with: the Latin puteo, puter, 

putris. 

πυκάζω, to make dense, cover up, regular: perf. 
pass. part. πεπυκαδμένος for πεπυκασμένος, 
Sapp h. 30. 

πυνθάνομαι IEYOR, IYO), Poetic also πεύ- 
Oouat, to inquire, learn by inquiry, hear, Aésch. 
Agam. 988: fut. πεύσομαι and πευσοῦμαι, Xen. 
Cyr. 6, 2, 11; Asch. Prom. 998: perf. πέπυ- 
σμαι, Thue. 8, 51: 2 aor. mid. ἐπυθόμην, Epic 
πεπυθόμην, Soph. Col. 11; fl. 6, 50; 10, 381. 
Verbal zevotéos, Plat. Sophist. 61. 

πέπυσσαι, perf. 2 sing. Poetic for πέπυσαι, Odys. 11, 494, 

πυρέσσω or πυρέττω, to have a fever, fut. πυρέξω, 
aor. ἐπύρεξα and ἐπύρεσα, Hippocr. 

πωλέομαι (πέλω), to go about, to go, Epic, Hes. 
Theog. 781: fut. πωλήσομαι, 1]. 5, 350. 


Odys. 4, 811, awe’ stands for mista (πωλέεαι), not 
for πωλέο. Compare Odys. 5, 88, πάρος ye μὲν οὔτι ϑαμί- 
apes also Il. 18, 385. — πωλέσκετο, imperf. iterative, II. 

1, 490. | 


dg 


PALL, see ῥήγνυμι. 

ῥαίνω (ῬΑΝΩ, “ῬΑ4442), to sprinkle, fut. gave, 
Eurip. Thes. frag. 1: aor. ἔῤῥᾶνα, lonic ἔῤῥηνα, 
Epic ἔῤῥασα, Eurip. Cycl. 402; Odys. 20, 150: 


ρθεῶ 229 


perf. pass. ἐῤῥασμαι and ἔῤῥαμμαι (1), -ανσαι, 
-ανται, Schol. ad Il. 12, 431; Hesych.. voc. 
ἐῤῥάδαται " aor. pass. ἐῤῥάνϑην, Pind.. Pyth. 5, 
134. : 
ἐῤῥάδαται, perf. pass: 3 plur. Epic, Odys. 20, 354: 
pluperf. pass. 3 plur. é¢ ¢adaro, 1]. 12, 431. 
Etymologically connected with the English rain. 
ῥάσσω (PAIL), for ῥήσσω, ῥήγνυμι, fut. ῥάξω, 
Thuc. 8, 96: aor. ἐῤῥαξα, Xen. Hel. 7, 5, 16: 
aor. pass. ἐῤῥάχϑην doubtful, Thuc. 7, 6. 
ῥέζω (EPIL, “PEIR), for ἔρδω or Eda, to do, 
Poetic, Il. 21, 214: fut. ῥέξω, Soph. Phil. 1191: 
aor. ἔῤῥεξα, Poetic also ἔρεξα, Il. 9, 536; Soph. 
Col. 539: aor. pass. part. ῥεχϑείς, Il. 17, 32. 


‘PET is formed from EPIQ by metathesis. But EPA 
was F&PI2* therefore the original form of géf was 
Ερεζω. Compare the English wrought, wright, with the 
kindred words ῥέκτης, ῥεκτήρ. 


ῥέω (PET, “PYML2), to flow, fut. δεύσομαι, later 
gevow, Eurip. Thes. frag. 1; Anthol. 5, 125; 
Athen. 6, 94: aor. ἐῤῥευσα, Arist. Eq. 526: 
perf. ἐῤῥύηκα, Isoc. 159: 2 aor. pass. ἐῤῥύην as 
active, Thuc. 2, 5: 2 fut. pass. φνήσομαι as ac- 
tive, Isoc. 187. — Pass. imperf. ἐῤῥεόμην, Eurip. 
Hel. 1602; Xen. Anab. 1, 5, 4. 


Gsovmevos, pres, pass, part. Ionic for ῥεόμενος, as if from 
δεεόμενος, Herod. 7, 140. : 
_ Its.original form was oF, or perhaps FesFo. Com- 
pare βρύω, Latin rivus, English river, brook (ῥύαξ). 
‘PES, to say, perf. εἴρηκα, Soph. Col. 414: perf. 
pass. elenwat, Thuc. 1, 139: aor. pass. ἐῤῥήϑην, 
endo, Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 19; sometimes ἐῤῥέϑην, 
lonic εἰἐρήϑην and εἰρέϑην, but only in the indic- 
ative, Auschin. 216; Herod. 4, 77. 156: 3 fut. 
εἰρήσομαι as future passive, Thuc. 6, 34; Xen. 
Cyr. 7, 1,9. Verbal: ῥητέος, Dem. 612. — See 
also ELITL2. | 
20 


230 envy 


Its original form was FPE, hence Ερατρα for ῥήτρα, 
in the Elean inscription, It is moreover connected with 


“stow, to say, and EPOMAI, to ask, and perhaps with φράζω᾽ 
also with the Latin ora, whence orator (ῥήτωρ). 
ῥήγνῦμι and ῥηγνύω (PAIR, PHIL), Poetic 
ῥήσσω, to break, Dem. 535; Il. 18, 571: fut. 
ῥήξω, Soph. Aj. 775: aor. ἐῤῥηξα, Herod, 1, 85: 
perf. pass. &@onyuae very rare, Odys. 8, 137: 
aor. pass. ἐῤῥήχϑην rare, Hippocr.: 2 aor. pass. 
ἐῤῥάγην, Soph. Antig. 476: 2 perf. ἔῤῥωγα as 
passive, to be broken, torn, Soph. Tyr. 1280; 
Arist. Plut. 546. — Mid. ῥήγνυμαι usually transi- 
tive, fut. ῥήξομαι, 1]. 12, 257. 224: aor. ἐῤῥηξά- 
μην, Herod. 8, 99. 

The original theme was F PAI, connected with the 
Latin frango, English wreck, rag, break, German brechen. 
According to Trypho (§ 11), Alceus used Ερηξις for 
ῥῆξις. : 

διγέω (PIT), to shudder, fear, Poetic, Pind> 
Nem. 5, 92: fut. ῥιγήσω, Il. 5, 351: aor. ἐῤῥί- 
ynoa, Soph. Col. 1607: 2 perf. ἐῤῥίγα as pres- 
ent, Odys. 5, 52; Il. 3, 353: 2 pluperf. ἐῤρῥίγειν 
as imperfect, Odys. 23, 216. | 
 ἐῤῥίγοντι, part. dat. sing. from a new present, Hes. Scut. 
228. — Connected with ῥιγόω, φρίσσω, and the Latin frigeo, 
frigus, rigeo, rigor, English fright. We may suppose that 
the original theme was F P77’. 
ῥιγόω, to shiver with cold, infin. ῥιγοῦν, part. gen. 
plur. ῥιγούντων, Xen. Cyr. 5, 1, 10; Hel. 4, 5, 
4: fut. ῥιγώσω, Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 17: aor. ἐῤῥί- 
γωσα, Arist. Plut. 846. , 
ες 6vy@, subj. 8 sing. for ῥιγοῖ (ῥιγόῃ), Plat. Gorg. 155 : opt. 
3 sing. διγῴη for ῥιγοῖ, as if from -ἄἀὠω, Hippocr.: infin. 
διγῶν for ῥιγοῦν, Arist. Vesp. 446: part. fem. δι γῶσα for 
ῥιγοῦσα, Simonid. 230, 26 (Gaisford’s edition). 
ῥίπτω and ῥιπτέω ( PIDL2), to throw, cast, Herod. 
4,188; Xen. Anab. 4, 8, 3: fut. ῥίψω, Eurip. 


avy | 231 


Herc. 562: aor. ἔῤῥιψα, rare and Poetic égrwa, 
Soph. Tyr. 719; Pind. Pyth. 6, 37 ; Hom. Hym. 
2, 79: perf. ἔῤῥιφα, Lysias, 349: perf. pass. 
ἔῤῥιμμαι, Arist. Thesm. 829: aor. pass. ἐῤῥίφϑην, 
Soph. Aj. 830: 2 aor. pass. ἐῤῥίφην ({), later 
ἐρίφην, Aischin. 319; Anthol. 12, 234. 
δίπτασκον, imperf. iterative, Epic, Il. 15, 23, — ῥε- 
οἶφϑαι, perf. pass. infin. for ἐῤῥίῳφϑαι, Pind. frag. 281. 
ῥδοιζέω, to whiz, whirl rapidly with a whizzing 
noise, aor. ἐῤῥοίζησα, Soph. Trach. 568: plu- 
perf. pass. 3 sing. ἐῤῥοίζητο, Anthol. 11, 106. 
δοίξασκε, imperf. iterative, as if from -cw, Hes, Theog. 
835 ; it is written also ῥοίζεσκε. ! 
“POR, see ῥώννυμι. 
“ΡΥ, see géa, to flow. 
evouat, to defend, rescue, fut. δύσομαι (Ὁ), Hes. 
Theog. 662: aor. ἐῤῥυσάμην, Soph. Aj. 1276; 
but evoduny, 1]. 15, 29. 
60091, infin. as if from ‘Pry, Epic, 1], 15, 141 : im- 
perf. 3 sing. ἔῤῥῦτο as aorist, Poetic, Soph. Tyr. 1352 ; 
3 plur. δύατο (δύντο), with the usual meaning of the imper- 
fect, Epic, ἢ. 18, 515; Odys. 17, 201. See also ἐρύω, 
εἰρύω. ---δύσκευ, imperf. iterative, 2 sing. contracted from 
évoxeo, Epic, Il. 24, 730. grat 
ῥυπαίνω, to make dirty, fut. ῥυπᾶνῶ, Isoc. 245, 
ῥυπάω, to be dirty, Arist. Lys. 279; Av. 1282. 
éuxow, protracted from gun, Epic, Odys, 23, 115; part. - 
éunowy protracted, Odys. 6, 87. : 


‘PTR, to flow, see ῥέω. 
“PRIQ, see ῥήγνυμι (ἔῤῥωγα). 
θώννυμι and ῥωννύω (POM), to strengthen, Plat. 
Loc. 11: aor. ἔδῥωσα, Dem. 141: perf. pass. 
ἔῤῥωμαι as present, to be strong, Dem. 601: 
pluperf. pass. ἐῤῥώμην as imperfect, Thuc. 2, 8: 
aor. pass. ἐῤῥώσϑην, Xen. Ages. 1, 27. | 
ἔῤῥδωσο, farewell, Latin vale, perf. pass. imperat. 2 sing., 


Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 33; 2 plur. ἔῤῥωσϑε, Hippoer.: infin. 
ἐῤδῶσθϑαι, Dem. 419. 


232 Gale 


Σ. 


σαίρω (ΣΑ͂ } 42), to sweep, aor. ἔσηρα, Soph. An- 
tig. 409. ---- 2. perf. σέσηρα as present, to grin, 
gnarl, chiefly in the part. σεσηρῶς, Doric σεσᾶ- 
ods, Athen. 13, 23; Arist. Vesp. 901; Theoc. 
5, 116. i | 
σεσἄρυϊα, 2 perf, part. fem. for σεσηρυῖα, Epic, Hes. 
Scut. 268. : 
It may be connected with σύρω, ἔῤῥω, ἕρπω, Latin erro, 
-verro, serpo, Romaic σβαρνίζω. : 
σαλπίζω (2X AATITT'2), to sound a trumpet, aor. 
. ἐσάλπιγξα, later ἐσάλπισα, Xen. Anab. 1, 2, 17; 
N. T. Rev. 8, 7: perf. pass. σεσάλπισμαι later. 
cada (σάω), to save, preserve, Epic, Call. Del. 22: 
fut. σαώσω, aor. ἐσάωσα, ἐσαώϑην, Il. 1, 83; 8, 
500; Odys. 3, 185: fut. mid. σαώσομαι reflex- 
ive, Odys. 21, 309. — See also σάω, oda, σώζω, 
and owe. , 
σάω, imperat. ὦ sing. for σάου (σάοε), Epic, Odys. 19, 
230.— σάω and ἐσάω, imperf. 3 sing. for σάου and ἐσάου 
᾿(σάεο, ἐσάεο), Epic, Tl. 21, 238; 16, 363. The contracted 
forms of σάου, ἐσάου would be ow, gow, which by protraction 
become σάω, ἐσάω, instead of cow, goom* Compare roverawon 
from γαιετάω. The same remark applies also to the impera- 
tive caw. 
σάω, to save, preserve, only 3 plur. σάουσι, Tyrt. 2, 
13; opt. 3 sing. odor, Theogn. 866. 

The original theme was probably oaFw. Compare the 
Latin salvus, salveo, English save, safe. See also jaw, to 
wash. 

σάω, to sift, 3 plur. σῶσι (σάουσι), Herod. 1, 200; 
commonly oy, aor. gonoa, Hippocr. de Vet. 
Medic. ὃ 8: perf. pass. σέσημαι and σέσησμαι, 
Hippocr. Not to be confounded with the pre- 
ceding. | 

Probably connected with the English sieve, sift. 


dive 233 


σβέννυμι and σβεννύω (2BEL), to extinguish, 
Pind. Pyth. 1, 18: fut. σβέσω (00), Arist. Lys. 
375; Herod. 8, 77 : aor. ἔσβεσα, Xen. Anab. 6, 
8, οὔ: perf. ἔσβηκα as middle, Xen. Cyr. 8, 8, 
13; Aiusch. Agam. 888: perf. pass. ἔσβεσμαι, 
Parmenid. 13: aor. pass. ἐσβέσϑην, Xen. Hel. 
5, 3, 8: 2 aor. ἔσβην as middle, σβῆναι, ἀπο- 
opeis, Doric ἔσβᾶν, Il. 9, 471; Herod. 4, 5; 
Theoc. 4,39. — Mid. σβέννυμαι and afiivre nett, 
to extinguish one’s self, go out, be extinguished, 
die out, “Hes. Op. 588: fut. σβήσομαι, Plat. Leg. 
4 12. 

σεβάσσατο, to forbear out of respect, a defective 
aor. mid. 3 sing. Epic, Il. 167. 417. 

σεβίζῳ and σεβίζομαι, for σέβω, σέβομαι, Poetic, 
aor. ἐσέβισα, aor. pass. ἐσεβίσϑην as active, τὰ 
Antig. 943; Col. 636. 

σέβω and σέβομαι, io revere, worship, aor. pass. 
ἐσέφϑην, Soph. frag. 175; part. fem. σεφϑεῖσα, 
moved with reverence, Plat. Phedr. 76. 

σείω, to shake, fut. σείσω, Eurip. Orest. 613: aor. 
ἐσεισα, Thuc. 4, 52: perf. σέσεικα, Athen. 11, 
-63: perf. pass. σέσεισμαι, Pind. Pyth. 8, 134: 
aor. pass. ἐσείσϑην, Soph. Antig. 584: aor. mid. 
ἐσεισάμην reflexive or transitive, Il. 8, 199; 
Theoc. 13, 13. 


ἀνασσείασκε, imperf. iterative, Epic, Hom. Hym. 1, 403. 
— ἐσσείοντο; imperf. pass, 3 plur. Epic, Il. 20, 59. 


ΣΕΥ and XY, to move, impel, urge, drive, 
Poetic, aor. Zcoee and wba Π. δ, 908: 90, 
189 : aor. pass. ἐσύϑην and ἐσσύϑην as middle, 
Eurip. Hel. 1302; Soph. Aj. 294; Col. 1724: 
2 aor. pass. ἀπ-έσσονα, Laconian for ἑσσύη, he is 
gone, dead, Xen. Hel. 1, 1, 23. — Mid. σεύομαι, 
to hasten after, run, pursue, fl. 3, 26; 2, 808: 


perf. ἔσσυμαι as present, Il. 6, 361 ; Pind. Isth. 
20* 


234 onde 


8, 133; part. goovuevos, Il. 11, 554: aor. σευά- 
μην, 11. 7, 208; 17, 4635 20, 148: 2 aor. ἐσσύ- 
μὴν, -vo, -vto, Il. 16, 585; 14, 519; Odys. 9, 
447. — See also covpas. 

σεῦται, pres. mid. 3 sing. for σεύεται, as if from SEMI, 
Soph. Trach. 645: pres. part. σύμενος, as from ΣΎ ΠΙ͂Ι, 
Aisch. Agam. 476; Eum. 1005; others refer it to the per- 
fect ἔσσυμαι. ---- Il. 17, 468, ὅτε σεύαιτο is also edited or’ 
ἐσσεύαιτο. 

Its original form was perhaps Σ᾿ ΕΕ  .Ω. We may further 
suppose that the Homeric expression ὅτε σεύαιτο Was ὅτε 
oF evauerto. 

σήϑω, see σάω, to sift. 

σημαίνω, to mark, regular: perf. pass. σεσήμασμαι, 
Herod. 2, 39; Boeckh. Inscript. 154. | 

oyna (2 AIS), to rot, transitive, corrupt, fut. 

 onwo, Asch. frag. 255: 2 perf. σέσηπα as pas- 
sive, to be rotten, Il. 2, 135; Xen. Anab. 4, 5, 
12: 2 aor. pass. ἐσάπην, Arist. Eq. 1308. 

σίνομοι, Ionic σινέομαι, to injure, Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 
15 ; ‘Herod. -9, 13. 733 5, 74; later σίνω, Pa- 
leph, 1, 3; 29, 6: perf. σέσιμμαι rare, Hip- 
pocr.: aor. mid. ἐσινάμην rare, Herod. 8, 31. 

σιωπάω, to keep silence, fut. σιωπήσω, commonly 
σιωπήσομαι, Auschin..737; Soph. Tyr. 233 ; &c. 

_ regular. | 7 | 

σεσώπᾶμαι, perf. pass. Doric for σεσιώπημαι, Pind. Isth. 

1, 88: fut. mid. σωπάσομαι, edited also σιγάσομαι, Pind. 
Olym. 13, 130. ; 

aKAAR, see SKEAALN. 

σχεδάννυμι and oxedavvta (2 ΚΕΖ ΔΩ), to scatter, 
Dem. 1257: fut. σκεδάσω (a), σκεδώ, -ds, Theogn. 
879 ; Ausch. Prom. 25: aor. ἐσκχέδᾶσα, perf. pass. 
ἐσκέδασμαι, Thuc. 1, 54; 2, 25: aor. pass. 
ἐσκεδάσϑην, Thuc. 3, 98. — See also κεδάννυμι, 
κίδνημι, σκίδνημι. 


σκεδάνγυσι, διασκεδάννυσι, pres. act, subj. 8. sing., 


oxom 235 


Plat. Phedo, 60. It is contracted from σκεδανύῃσι (with the 
old ending -σι, like ἐθέλῃσι) ; the analogical form would be 
σκεδανυισι like niungno..— oxedavvitar, διασκεδαάννῦταῖϊ, 
pres. pass. subj. 3 sing., Plat. Phedo, 58; contracted from 
oxedarvtntor, like δύνηται from δυγάηται, or rather δυνέηται. 
See also πήγνυτο from πήγνυμι. 
We have already attempted to connect this verb with χέω, 
English scatter, spatter. 


ZKEAAR (KAA, XKAAL), to dry up, 
aor. éoxnda Epic, Il. 23, 191: perf. goxAnxa as 
middle, to be dried up, Athen. 2, 57: 2 perf. 
part. goxAnds, -atos, as middle, Apol. 2, 53: 
2 aor. ἔσχλην, oxAainv, oxAnvat, as middle, Arist. 
Vesp. 160; see also Rem. ὃ 72.— Mid. oxéd- 
Aowat, to wither, intransitive, Ausch. Prom. 481: 
fut. oxedovuat, later σκλήσομαι, Hesychius ; 
Anthol. 11, 37. The rest comes from the active, 
ἔσκληκα, ἐσκληώς, ἔσκλην. . : 

ἀποσκλαίη, 2 aor. opt. 9 sing., in Hesychius, explained 
ἀποξηραίνοι, ἀποϑάνοι. : 
σχέπτομαι, SCE σκοπέω. 

σχίδνημι, for σκεδάννυμι, Poetic, Hes. Theog. 875: 
aor. pass. ἐσκιδνάσθην, Hippocr. — Mid. σκίδνα- 
μαι, Il. 11, 308. : | 

2ZKAAQ, see SKEAAN. 

σκόπέω OF σχοποῦμαι, Sometimes σκέπτομαι, to view, 
consider, Il. 16, 3615; 17, 652: fut. σκέψομαι, 
Xen. Mem. 3, 6, 12: perf. pass. ἔσχεμμαι tran- 
sitively or passively, Xen. Mem. 3, 6, 13; Thuc. 
7, 62: aor. pass. ἐσχέφθην rare, Hippocr. de Art. 
§ 19: aor. mid. ἐσκεψάμην, Xen. Anab. 7, 3,37: 
3 fut. pass. goxéwouae passively, Plat. Rep. 3, 6. 
Verbal exentéos, Xen. Cyr. 1, 8, 17. 


The present σκέπτομαι was probably never used by the 
classical Attic. writers. ae 

It will be observed that the elements of σκέπτομαι (root 
oxen-) are the same as those of the Latin specio (spec-). 
— Further, the root oxen= may possibly be connected with 
OTS, to see. 


236 σμαῶ 


oud, -ῇς, to smear, anoint, rub on, Arist. Thesm. 
389: aor. ἔσμησα, Athen. 7, 124. It borrows 
_the aor. pass. ἐσμήχθην from the regular σμήχω, 
which in the present is not Attic. — Mid. σμάο- 
μαι, -ἅται, Herod. 9,110: aor. ἐσμησάμην, Doric 
ἐσμᾶσάμην, Herod. 4, 73; Call. Min. 32. 
σόομαι contracted σοῦμαι, equivalent to σεύομαι the 
middle of 2EYQ+ σοῦται, covobe, σοῦνται, 
Arist. Vesp. 458; Asch. Pers. 25: imperat. 
σοῦ, σούσθω, σοῦσθε, Arist. Vesp. 209; AXsch. 
Sept. 31. 
oda, for cto, to save, subj. dys, ody, σόωσι, Il, 9, 
681. 424. 393. As to σόωσι, it may be referred 
to σάω, and formed by contraction and _protrac- 
tion. , | 
onde, to draw, pull, fut. σπάσω (&), Soph. Aj. 769 : 
aor. ἔσπασα, Arist. Thesm. 928: perf. goxaxa, 
Dem. 442: perf. pass. ἔσπασμαι, Xen. Anab. 1, 
5, 9: aor. pass. ἐσπάσθην, Herod. 6, 134. — Mid. 
ondouat transitive, σπάσομαι, ἕσπασμαι, Arist. 
Ran. 564. 477; Xen. Anab. 7, 4, 16. 
σπεῖν, σπέσθαι, see Exo. - 
σπείρω (XITEP2), fut. omega, Eurip. Elec. 79: 
aor. ἔσπειρα, Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 13: perf. pass. 
ἔσπαρμαι, Arist. Ran. 1206: 2 aor. pass. ἐσπά- 
env, Soph. Tyr. 1498: aor. mid, ἐσπειράμην 
transitive, Apol. 3, 1028. 
σπένδω, to offer a libation to the gods, fut. σπείσω, 
Herod. 2, 151: aor. ἔσπεισα, Xen. Anab. 4, 3, 
13: perf. ἔσπεικα later: perf. pass. ἐσπείσμαι, 
Thuc. 4, 16; 3, 111: aor. pass. ἐσπείσθην, An- 
thol, 7, 27. — Mid. σπένδομαι, to conclude a trea- 
ly, σπείσομαι, ἔσπεισμαι, ἐσπεισάμην, Dem. 392 ; 
Eurip. Med. 1140; Arist. Ach. 292. 
ΣΊΤ 4.42, see ἵστημι. , 
στείβω (XA TIBI), to tread, press down, make com- 


οστερ 237 


pact, aor. ἔστειψα, Soph. Col. 467: perf. pass. 
ἐστίβημαι as if from ΣΦ TIBES2, Soph. Aj. 874. 

στείχω (& TIX), to go, Poetic and Ionic, aor. 
ἔστειξα, Odys. 4, 277: 2 aor. ἔστιχον, 1]. 16, 
258. 

στέλλω (ZTEAQ), to send, array, rig or fit out, 
equip, fut, στελέω, στελώ, Odys.. 2, 287 ; Soph. 
Phil. 623: aor. ἔστειλα, Thue, 7, 20 : perf. 
ἔσταλκα in composition, Xen. Hel. 1, 5, 3: perf. 
pass. ἔσταλμαι, Soph. Trach. 776; Herod. 4, 
189 : aor. pass. ἐστάλθην, Boeckh. Inscript. 3053, 
4: 2 aor. ἐστάλην usually as middle, Pind. Olym. 
13, 69; Arist. Vesp. 487. — Mid. στέλλομαι, to 
go, set oul, ἔσταλμαι, ἐστειλάμην, Xen. Anab. 5, 
6, δ; 3, 2,7; Eurip. Bac. 821. 

ἐσταλάδατο, pluperf. mid, 3 plur. Ionic for ἐστάλατο, 

Herod. 7,89; Hes. Scut. 288; as if from 2744412. — 


ἀπ-έ ἱκεσίαν; perf. 3 plur. for ἀπεστάλκασι, Boeckh, In- 
script. 3047, 2. Compare i ἔοργαν from EPI. 


στενάζω (στένω), to sigh, groan, fut. στενάξω, Eurip. 
Taur. 656: aor. ἐστέναξα, Dem. 690. 

στενάχω and στενάχομαι, Poetic for στενάζω, Asch. 
Prom. 99; Il. 19, 132; 4, 154. 

στεναχίζω, see atoveylte, 

στένω, to sigh, Poetic, Esch. Pion: 899. 

στερέω and στερίσκω (2TEPS2), to deprive, Soph. 
Col. 376 : fut. OtEgi oa, Thue. 4, 64: aor. 
ἐστέρησα, Epic ἐστέρεσα, Xen. Hel. 1, 4, 14; 
Odys. 13, 262: perf. ἐστέρηκα, ἐστέρημαι, "Xen. 
Anab. 6, 6, 23; Cyr. 5, 5,23: aor. pass. ἐστερή- 
ony, Soph. Antig. 13: 2 aor. pass. part. στερείς 
rare and Poetic, Eurip. Hel. 96 ; Taur. 474: fut. 
mid. στερήσομαι as passive, Soph. Antig. 890. — 
Mid. στερέομαι, commonly στερίσκομαι; Xen. Cyr. 
7, 5, 633; also στέρομαι expressing a state or 
situation, but not continued action, to be in want 


238 στευ 


of, to want, be or have been deprived of, go with- 
oul, Xen. Conv. 4, 31; Anab. 3, 2, 2. 
ἀποστερεῖσϑε,. fut. mid. 2 plur. (contracted from στε- 
ρέεσϑε), Andoc. 74. 
Etymologically Eounesied with the Latin adjective sterzlis. 

στεῦται, he pledges himself, affirms, threatens, strives, 
wishes, Epic, Il. 3, 83; 3 plur. στεῦνται, βοῇ. 
Pers. 49: imperf. 3-sing. otevto, 1]. 2, 597. 

στήχω (ἵστημι, ἕστηκα), to stand, later, N. ΓΤ. Rom. 
14,-4; Corinth. 1, 16,13. ἡ. . 

STIBM, see στείβω. 

στοναχίζω, στοναχίζομαι, μά στεναχίζομαι, Epic 
for στενάζω, Hes. Scut. 344; Theog. 159; Il. 2, 
781. 784. 

στορέννῦμι and στόρνῦμι (ΣΤΟΡΩ), to spread, 
strew, lay out, fut. στορέσω, toga, Theoc. 6, aos 
Arist. Eq. 481; Athen. 12, 78: aor. ἐστόρεσα, 
Thuc. 6, 18: aor. pass. ἐστορέσθην, Hippocr. — 
Mid. στορέννυμαι and στόρνυμαι transitively, 
Theoc. 23, 33: aor. ἐστορεσάμην, Arist. Eccl. 
103. —See also στρώννυμι. 


στόρνῦ, pres. imperat. 2 sing. for στόρνυϑι, Arist. Pac. 


Etymologically connected with the Latin ster no, English 
strew. 


στρέφω, to turn, twist, fut. στρέψω, Eurip. Hip. 
1176: aor. gorgewa, Xen. Anab. 4, 3, 26: perf. 
ἔστροφα, Athen. 3, 63: perf. pass. ἔστραμμαι; 
Xen. Anab. 4, 7, 15: aor. pass. ἐστρέφθην rather 
Poetic, rarely ἐστράφθην Ionic, Il. 16, 308; Arist. 
Thesm. 1128; Herod. 1, 130; Theoc. 7, 132: 
2 aor. ἐστράφην, Soph. Aj. 1117. — Mid. στρέ- 
φομαι, to turn one’s self, turn one’s self back as 
if to flee, στρέψομαι, Xen. 6, 3, 27; Il. 6, 516. 
The aorist is borrowed from the passive. 

στρώννῦμι and στρωννύω (ATOPR, ATPOM), 


opal 299 


Athen. 2, 831 : fut. στρώσω, Athen. 2, 29: aor. ᾿ 
ἔστρωσα, ’ Esch. Agam. 921: perf. pass. ἔστρω- 
μαι, Eurip. Med. 380; Herod. 8, 53: aor. mid. 
ἐστρωσάμην transitively, Theoc. 21, 7. — See also 
στορέννυμι. ἢ. 
στρώνγῦ, pres. imperat. 2 sing. for στρώνγυϑι, Athen. 

2, 29. 

στυγέω (2TYT2), to shudder at, dread, hate, aor. 
éotvynoa, later Epic ἔστυξα, Soph. Col. 692 ; 
Apol. 4, 512: perf. ἐστύγηκα, ἀπεστύγηκα, He- 
rod. 2, 47 : aor. pass. ἐστυγήθην, Ausch. Sept. 
691: 2aor. ἔστυγον, Il. 17, 694: fut. mid. orvy7- 
doar as passive, Soph. Tyr. 672. 


Odys. 11, 502, στύξαιμι causatively, would render terri- 
ble. , 


στύομαι (Ὁ), to be in a state of priapism, aor. ἔστῦ- 
σα, pert. ἐστῦκα, Arist. Av. 1256; Lys. 869. 598. 

συναντάω, 566 'ἀντάω. 

συνευπεπονθώς, see πάσχω. 

συνοχωκώς, see ἔχω. 

συρίζω and συρίττω, lo hiss, whistle, tig on the 
pipe, fut. συρίξομαι, Lucian. Nigrin. ὃ 10: aor. 
ἐσύριξα, later ἐσύρισα; Arist. Plut. 689; Lucian. 
Harmonid. § 2. 

σύρω, to draw, aor. ἐσῦρα; J&sch. Prom. 1065: 
perf. σέσυρκα (διασεσύρηκα), Athen. 6, 51: perf. 
pass. σέσυρμαι; ἀνασέσυρμαι, Theoph. Char. 6: 
2 aor. pass. ἐσύρην, Anthol. 9, 56: aor. mid.. 
ἐσυράμην, Theoph. Char. 11, 

It may be connected with σαίρω, ἔῤῥω, ἕρπω, Latin verro, 

erro, serpo. - 

σφάξω or σφάττω (ΣΦΑΓΩ), to slay, kill, by cut- 
ting the throat, fut. σφάξω, Eurip. Herc. 602: 
aor. éopasa, Xen, Anab. 2:2) 39. pert. pass. 
ἔσφαγμαι, Odys. 10, 532: aor. pass. ἐσφάχθην 


240 σφαλ 


rare, Herod. 5, 5: 2 aor. pass. ἐσφάγην the usual 
aorist passive, Xen. Anab. 4, 1, 23. 

σφάλλω (ΣΦΙ. 4.2), to cause to fall, trip up, de- 
ceive, fut. σφαλῶ, aor. ἔσφηλα Doric ἔσφᾶλα, 
Soph. Trach. 621; Aj. 452; Pind. Olym. 2, 
145: perf. pass. ἔσφαλμαι, 2 aor. pass. ἐσφάλην, 
Xen. Hel. 4,.1, 17; Anab. 7, '7, 42: fut. mid. 
σφαλοῦμαι reflexive, Xen. Conv. 2, 26. 


Etymologically connected with the Latin fallo, English 

fall, fail. 

σχγάω and σγάζω, to cut open, let loose, Arist. Nub. 
409; Xen. Hel. 5, 4, 58: fut. σγάσω, in Hesy- 
chius: aor. ἔσχἄᾶσα and ἔσχᾶσα, Eurip. Phen. 
454; Arist. Nub. 740; Call. frag. 104: aor. mid. 
ἐσχασάμην, to leave off, give up, abandon, Arist. 
Nub. 107. 

σχεῖν, σχέθειν, 566 ἔχω. 

σώζω (cade, σώω), to save, fut. σώσω, Dem: 622: 
aor. ἔσωσα, Thuc. 1, 74: perf. σέσωκα, Dem. 
25 : perf. pass.. σέσωσμαι, Xen. Anab. 7, 7, 56 ; 
sometimes σέσωμαι, Plat. Critias, 4: aor.- pass. 
ἐσώθην, Soph. Tyr. 1457. — Mid. σώζομαι usu- 
ally transitive, to save for one’s self, fut. σώσομαι 
reflexive, Dem. 355: aor. ἐσωσάμην, Eurip. Alc. 
146. — See also cada, σάω, 66a, cae. 

aw, fut. for σώσω, in an ancient inscription (Boeckh, 70, 

ὃ. 7), after the analogy of ἐρύω, τανύω. 

σώω, another form of caf, Odys. 9, 430; Il. 8, 
363. — Pass. σώομαι, Apol. 2, 612. 


ἐκ 


TAD'S2 and T'As2, to lake, Epic, imperat. 2 sing. 
τῇ (contracted fii tae like fy from ζάε), take 
thou, there, Odys. 9, 347; il 14, 219: 2 aor. 
part. τεταγών, Il. 1, 591; 15, 23. 


TACO 241 


This verb is connected with the English take, Swedish | 
taga. Those who class it with the Latin tango, virtually 
admit its connection with ϑιγγάνω, English touch. - 

TAAAR and TAA, to bear, suffer, endure, ty 
venture, Poetic, fut. τλήσομαι, Soph. Aj. 463 : 
aor. ἐτάλασα (oc), 11. 17, 166; 13, 829: perf. 
τέτληκα; li; 1, 228): 2 pert. acme, τετλαίην, 
τέτλαθι, τρλξήμδο. TETANDS, see Rem. § 68: 
2 aor. ἔἐτλὴν; τλώ, τλαΐίην, τλῆθι, τλῆναι, τλάς, 
Il. 18, 438 ; see also Rem. ὃ 72. 


Trending connected with the English toil, 


τάμνω, See τέμνω. 

τανύω (τείνω), short v, to sir etch, Epic, Tl. 17, 390; 
Ionic*also ταννύω " fut. τανύσω (v), Epic τανύω, 
aor. étavuca (oo), Odys. 21, “i 174. 409 ;. Il. 
11, 336: perf.) pass. τετάνυσμαι, Odys. 9, 116; 
Il. 10, 156: aor. pass. ἑτανύσθην as middle, 
Hes. Theog. Zu} iat: tetavvocouae later, 
Orph. Lith. 319.— Mid. τανύομαι usually re- 
flexive, τανύσομαι (oo), Archil. frag. 4 : aor. ἐτα- 
γυσάμην (oo) reflexive: or scored Odys: 9, 
298: Il. 4, 112. 

τάνυται, pres. pass. 3 sing. as from ΤΑΙΝΨΙΙ, Il. 17, 393. 

τάσσω or τάττω (Τ 4.1.2), to arrange, order, fut: 
τάξω, Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, 7: aor. ἔταξα, Thuc. 4, 
92 : perf. τέταχα, Dem. 888: pert. pass. τέτα- 
γμαι, δος. Sept. 448; aor. pass. ἐτάχθην, Xen. 

Ages. 2, 17: 3 fut. pass. “τετάξομαι, Arist. Av. 
637: 2 aor. pass. ἐτάγην. very rare, Eurip. frag. 
incert. 142 (Variorum, Glasgow, 1821).— Mid. 
τάσσομαι Or τάττομαι reflexive or transitive, Xen. — 
Anab. 1, 8,14: aor. “ἐταξάμην, Thuc. 2, 83. — 
The compound ἐπιτάσσομαι has fut. ae 
as passive, Eurip. Sup.. 521. 


τετάχαται, perf. mid. 9 plur. Ionic, but common with 
Attic writers (Xen. Anab. 4, 8, 5). The same is true of 
21 


949 TAO 


the following. — ἐτετάχατο, papest mid. 3 plur. Ionic 
form, Thue. 4, 31. 


TAQ, see TAT'N. 

τέθηπα, see OADM, to be astonished. 

τείνω (TE NL, TAQ), to stretch, extend; fut. teva, 
Arist. Thesm. 1205: aor. ἔτεινα, Soph. Antig. 

716: perf. τέτακα in composition, | Plat. Gorg. 47: 
perf. pass. τέτἄμαϊ, aor. pass. ἐτάθην, Soph. Phil. 
831; Antig, 124. Verbal tazéos, Plat. Epist. 
vy 340, SG 


Etymologically connected with the Latin fento. 


τείρω (TEPS), to rub, apfiet, fut. τέρσω, Theoc. 

22, 63. “ 

ΤΈΚΩ, 866 τέκτω.. ᾽ 

τελέω, to. finish, pay, fut. τελέσω (00), τελέώ, isha, 
Pind. Nem. 4, 70; 11. 28, 559; 8, 415; Soph. 
Tyr. 232: aor. ἐτέλεσα (σα); Xen. Mem. 2, ΘΙ; 
.11.1, 108: perf. τετέλεκα, Plat. Apol. 4: perf, 
pass. τετέλεσμαι, Eurip. Alc. 132: aor. pass. 
étedéoOnv, Thue. 1, 93: fut. mid. τελέομαι, τελοῦ- 
μαι, Odys. ‘1, 201; 23, 284. Verbal τελεστέος, 
EMLTEAEOTEOS, Tenn: 240. 

τέλλω (TEAL), to perform, produce, raise, com- 
plete, Soph. Phil. 1138: aor. ἔτειλα, Pind, Olym. 
2, 126. Also intransitively, fo spring up, rise, as 
the sun, Soph. Elec, 699 ; Herod. 4, 40; Aisch. 
Agam, 27. — Μὰ τέλλόμον to be, exist, Pind. 
- Olym. 1, 122; Pyth. 4, 457. -— It occurs chiefly 
In composition. 
᾿Εντέλλω commonly ἐντέλλομαι, to enjoin, 

commission, Xen. Cyr..5, 3, 46; Soph. frag. 252 ; 
Antig. 218 (ἐπεντέλλωλ : perf. ὀκέταλμαι always 
passive, Herod. 1, 60 : aor. ἐνετειλοίμην, rarely 
ἐνέτειλα, Xen. Anab; 5, -1,.18; Pind. Olym. 
yO eo 


τερπ 248 


. > Enitédie, to enjoin, command, Il. 9, 869 : aor. 
ἐπέτειλα, 1]. 5, 818: pluperf. pass. ἐπετετάλμην, 
Odys. 11, 524. --- Mid. ἐπιτέλλομοι 85. active, 
Il. 2, 802: aor. ἐπετειλάμην, Odys. 1, 827. Also, 


to rise, as a celestial body, Hes. Op. 381. 565. “-... 


τέμνω (TEMR, TAMS2), Epic and lonic τάμνω, 
Il. 3,105; Herod. 2, 39: fut. τεμέω, τεμῶ, Hip- 
pocr. Jusjur. §.2; Plat. Cratyl. 9: perf. τέτμηκα 
in composition, Auschin. 555: pert. pass. TETUN UAL, 
Soph. Elec. 901: aor. pass. ἐτμήθην, Thue. 1, 
143: 3 fut. pass. τετμήσομαι, Plat. Rep. 8, 14: 
2 aor. ἔτεμον, rarely étapoy, Eurip. Hel... 231; 
Thue. 1,81; 2, 55: 2 aor. mid. ἐτεμόμην, rarely 
jaa lt Xen. Hel. By ok, 23, leenod, δὲ ΒΟ. 
2 perf. part. τετμηώς as ‘passive, ‘later Epic, "Apol. 
4, 156. . Verbal tuytéos, Plat. Sophist. 9.— 
Mid. τάμνομαι transitively in the » present .and 
imperfect, Herod. 4, 70; Odys. 5, 243. — See 
also τμήγω. 


τέμει, pres. 9. sing. written also τεμεῖ, I. 18, 707. -- 
ἐτέτμετο, 2 aor. mid., like ἐκέκλετο, Orph. Arg. 366; Her- 
mann edits éréuvero. wa Li δώ en ἐκτέτμησθον, perf. 


pass. subj. 3 dual, Plat. Rep. p. 564, b gee oot — Eurip. 
Troad, 480, ἐτμήϑην as middle. 


sf ote! to delight, amuse, τέρψω, ἔτερψα, Thuc. 2, 
; Soph. Col. 1281: aor. pass. ἐτέρφθην, Epic 
εἰροδῆν, as middle, Xen. Mem. 2,1, 24; Odys. 
6, 99: 2 aor. pass. ἐτάρπην as middle, Epic, 
Odys. 23, 300. 346. — Mid. τέρπομαι, to feel 
delight, enjoy one’s self, be sated, τέρψομαι, 
ἐτερψάμην, Soph. Antig. 691; Odys. 12, 188; 
16, 26: 2 aor. ἐταρπόμην and τεταρπόμην Epic, 
Il. 24, 636. 513; 23, 10. 


τραπείομεν, 2 aor. subj. 1 plur. Epic for ταρπέωμεν, 
ταρπῶμεν, I]. 3, 441; 14, 314; Odys. 8, 292; in the ex- 
pression τραπείομεν ᾿ϑνηϑιντι: Hesychius explains it τερ-- 
pd auer. 


244 τερό 


τερσαίνω (τέρσομαι), to dry, make dry, aor. ss: 
vo, 1]. 16, 529. — Mid. τερσαίνομαι; Apol. 4 
1406. -- See also the following. " 

τέρσομαι, to become dry, be drying, Epic and Ionic: 
aor. ἕτερσα later Epic, to dry, Nic. Ther. 96. 693 : 
2 aor. pass. infin. τερσήμεναι; τερσῆναι, Odys. 
6, 98; Il. 16, 519: aor. mid. ἑἐτερσάμην. later 
Epic, Nic. Ther. 709. . 


It may possibly be connected with the. Saxon drig, Eng- 
lish dry. 


τέτμον or ἔτετμον (TEM), to find, a defective 
2 aor. act, Epic, Il. 6, 374; 4, 293; subj. τέτμω, 
Odys. 15, 155 opt. τέτμοιμι, Theoc. 95,61. 

τετραίνω ( TPAD), to perforate, bore, fut. τετρα- 
γέω, τετρανῶ, Herod. 8, 12: aor. ἐτέτρηνα, Odys. 
5, 247: aor. pass. ἐτετράνθην, Anthol. 6, 296: 
aor. mid. ἐτετρηνάμην transitive, Arist. Thesm. 
18. ‘The rest is borrowed from τιτράω. 

τέτρηχα; 566 ϑράσσω. 

τετυκεῖν, τετυκόμην, SCE τιτύσκομαι. 

TEYTXER (τεῦχος), perf. mid. infin. τετευχῆσθαι, 
to arm one’s self, Epic, Odys. 22, 104. 

TETXQ, to happen, see τυγχάνω. 

τεύχω ( TYX2), to prepare, make, τεύξω, ἕτευξα, 
Il, 14, 240; Odys. 1, 244: perf. τέτευχα as pas- 
sive, Odys. 12, 423: perf. pass. TETUY [Lely Asch. 
Agam. 751: aor. pass. ἐτύχθην, Ionic ἐτεύχθην, 
Hes. Scut. 366; Anthol. 6, 207; Hippocr.: 
3 fut. pass. τετεύξομαι, ΤΙ. 12, 345, — Mid. fut. 
τεύξομαι transitive or passive, Il. 19, 208; 5, 
653: aor. ἐτευξάμην transitive, Hom. Hym. i, 
221. 245, — See also τυγχάνω, τιτύσκομαι. 

The forms: τέτυγμαι, ἐτύχϑην are found intransitive, nearly 

equivalent to εἰμί, τυγχάνω, ἔτυχον. 


τετεύχαται, perf. pass. 3.plur. Ionic, Odys. 2, 63 ; ἼΙ. 
13, 22: pluperf. 3 plur. ἐτετεύχατο and τετεύχατο, Il. 


τιθη 245 


11, 807; Hes. Theog. 581. --τετεύχατον OF τετεύζετον, 
imperf, 3 dual, Il. 18,346. The former is rejected, because 
it belongs to τέτευχα which®cannot be used as imperfect. 
The latter comes from a new present, with -roy for -τὴν, 
like διώκετον, λαφύσσετον, for διωκέτην, λαφυσσέτην. Compare 
also ἄρηρεν, μέμαεν, ἐπέφυκον, one from ἀραρίσκω, ὅσο. 


τῆ; see 747.,ώ. 

τήχω (TAKQ), to melt, regular: aor. pass. ἐτήχθην 
rare, Eurip. Sup. 1029: 2 aor. pass. ἐτάκην, 
Eurip. Hel. 3: 2 perf. τέτηκα as middle, to melt 
away, Arist. Plut. 1034; Soph. Elec. 1311; 
Xen. Anab. 4, 5, 15. 

τητάομαι, to be deprived, Poetic, τητᾶσθαι, τητῶμε- 
vos, Hes. Op. 406; Soph. Elec. 265; Col. 
1200; Pind. Nem. 10, 146. 

TIE 2, io sadden, vex, 2 perf. part. tetin@s as pas- 
sive, saddened, dejected, vexed, afflicted, Il..9, 13. 
30: perf pass. τετίημαι, tetinuévos, 1]. 8, 447. 
437; Hes. Theog. 163. 

τιθέω (ϑέω), to put, place, imperat. τίθει (τίθεε), 
Pind. Pyth. 8, 14; Herod. 1, 133; Thuc. 6, 14: 
-imperf. ἐτέθουν (ἐείθέον), Arist. Nub. ὅ9. 63: fut. 
mid. τιθήσομαι; Hippocr. 

τίθημι (τιθέω, ϑέω), to put, place, fut. δύω, Soph. 
Aj. 573: aor. ἔθηκα only in the indicative, 
Asch. Prom. 444: perf. τέθεικά, Eurip. Elec. 
7: perf. pass. τέθειμαι, Demad. 271: aor. pass. 
ἐτέθην, Dem. 714: 2 aor. Ape, Ga, ϑείην, ϑές, 
ϑεῖναι, ϑείς, Eurip. Troad. 6 3 Soph, Col. 480; 
Xen. Mem. 4, 4, 19. Verbal ἀρτέδαω Xen. Mem. 
4, 2, 15; Hippocr. de Art. § 15.— Mid. τίθε- 
μαι transitive, ϑήσομαι, τέθειμαι, Thuc. 1, 8; 
Dem. 530: aor. ἐθηκάμην not Attic, Herod. Ι, 
26; Pind. Pyth. 4, 52: 2 aor. ἐθέμην. ϑῶμαι, 
ϑείμην, (ϑέσο) ϑέο, ϑοῦ, ϑέσθαι, ϑέμενος, Dem. 
1007 ; Odys. 10, 333; Il. 4, 410; Soph. Τγτγ. 


1448, 
21 


246 TLXT 


The singular ἔϑηκα, ἔϑηκας, ἔϑηκε, and the 3 plur. ἔϑηκαν, 
with good writers, are much more common than the remain- 
ing persons: — On the otherhand, the singular of the 2 aor. 
ἔϑην is not used in the indicative, at least by good writers. 

Of the aorist middle only the indicative ἐθηκάμην and the 
participle ϑηκάμενος are found. 

τιϑήμεναι and τιϑέμεν, infin. Epic for τιϑέναι, Il. 23, 
83; Pind. Pyth. 1, 78: part. τιϑήμενος, 1], 10, 34. = ihe 
and ϑείω, 2 aor. ‘subj. Epic, Odys. 24, 485; Il. 16, 83; 
1 plur. ϑείομεν for ϑῶμεν, Il, 23, 244: infin, Sineeas and 
ϑέμεν, for ϑεῖναι, ll. 2, 285; Pind. Olym. 2, 33. — 9 eio- 
μαι, 2 aor. mid. Epic for Heal Il. 19, 17: opt. 3 sing. 
otto in composition, συνϑοῖτο for συνϑεῖτο, Xen. Anab. 
1,9, 7; Ionic ϑέοιτο, προσϑέοιτο, Herod. 1, 53; 7, 237. 
wel O γὰ; imperf. 1 sing. lonic for éidny, or rather éré- 
Seov from τιϑέω, Herod. 3, 155; 3 plur. ἐτεϑέασι, for 
étid cor, later, _ Villoison, Anecdot. Grac. vol. 2, p. 122. 
Compare ἤια, 70, ἔα. 

The radical ϑέω occurs in the compound 8 plur.. προ- 
ϑέουσι, Il. 1, 291. 

τίχτω ( TEKQ), to bring forth, beget, fut. τέξω, 
commonly τέξομαι, Arist. Thesm. 509; Xen. 
Cyr. 7, 5, 23: aor. grea rare, Arist. Lys. 553 : 
perf. pass. τέτεγμαι later: aor. pass. ἐτέχϑην 
rare in the classical authors, Eurip. Dan. 44; 
Hippocr.; Boeckh. Inscript. 1907. 65: 2 aor. 
ἔτεκον, Xen. Hel. 4, 4,19: 2 perf. τέτοκα, Arist. 
Vesp. 651. — Mid. τίκτομαι rare and Poetic, as 
active, Asch. frag. 38: 2 fut. infin. τεκεῖσϑαι 
very rare, Hom. Hym. 8, 127: 2 aor. ἑτεχόμην 
Poetic, Hes. Theog. 308; Arist. Av. 1193. 

tivo (tia), to pay, expiate, atone for, tio (i), 
étiow, Soph. Aj. 113; Il. 1, 42: perf. τέτικα in 
composition, Dem. 543. 1036: perf. pass. τέτι- 
ὅμαι, aor. pass. ἐτίσϑην, Dem. 758. 836. Ver- 
bal τιστέος, ἀποτιστέος, Xen. Rep. Lac. 9, 5.— 

Mid. τένομαι and oe or τίνυμαι, to avenge 

one’s self, punish, 11. 3, 279; Herod. 5, 77; 
Eurip. Orest. 323 : fie: τδομῶς Odys. 14, 168: 
aor. ἐτισάμην, Soph. Aj. 182. 


TUNY 247 


titaivea (τείνω), to stretch, pull, draw, Epic, Il. 2, 
390: aor. (ἐτίτηνα) τιτήνας, Il. 13, 354, — Mid. 
τιταίνομαι transitive or reflexive, Odys. 21, 259 ; 
I], 22, 23. 

τιτράω (ΤΡΑΏ), to per ‘forate, bore, aor. ἔτρησα, 
Dem. 977: pert. pass. τέτρημαι, Arist. Lys. 680: 
aor. pass. “ἐτρήϑην, Plat. Tim. 53.—See also 


τετροιίνω. 
_ Etymologically connected with the Latin terebra, terebro. 


τιτρώσχω (TOP, TPOS2), to wound, fut. τρώσω, 
Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 15: aor. ἔτρωσα, Xen. Anab. 4, 
3, 33 : ‘perf. pass. τέτρωμαι, Pind, Pyth. 3, 85: 
aor. pass. ἐτρώϑην, Xen. Cyr. 4, 1, 4: fut. mid, 
τρώσομαι as passive, Il. 12, 66: 2 aor. τέτορεν, 
in Hesychius, explained ἔτρωσεν. | 

τιτύσκομαι (τεύχω, TYXS2), to prepare, arrange, 
take aim at, deliberate, Epic, imperf. τιτυσκόμην, 
I]. 21, 342; 8, 41; 13, 23. 558: 2 aor. (τέτυ- 
κον) τετυκεῖν, Odys. 15, 77. 94: 2 aor. mid, 
tetuxduny, Il. 1, 467; Odys. 12, 283; 21, 428. 
— The active τιτύσκω is very rare, Simonid. 18 
(Gaisford’s); Arat. Phenom. 418, ~ 


The rough mute z is changed into. its corresponding 
smooth x. Compare διδάσκω (root. διδαχ-), and χέκαδον, 
κεκαδόμην from χάζω. 


tia, to honor, fut. τέσω (1), 1]. 9, 142: aor. ἔτῖσα, 
Soph. Antig. 225 perf. pass. tétiwat, tetiwévos, 
Hes. Theog. 415. — Mid. τίομαι as active, Hes. 
Theog. 428. 

TAAS2, see TAAAR. 

TM AD, see τέμνω. 

τμήγω (τέμνω, τέτμηκα!), also τ μήσσω, to cut, Epic, 
Il. 16, 390; Mosch. 2, 81: fut. τμήξω, Apol. 4, 
1120: aor. περήξὰ Il. 11, 146; ΚΟ 8, 24: 
2 aor. ἔτμαγον, Odys. 7, 276: 2 aor, pass. ἐτμά- 


248 TOE 


γην, later ἐτμήγην, Il. 7, 302; Apol. 4, 1052: 
aor. mid. ἐτμηξάμην transitive, Anthol. 7, 480. 
τορέω (TOPL), to pierce, Hom. Hym. 2, 283: 
fut. τορήσω, Hom. Hym. 2, 178: aor. ἐτόρησά; 

Il. 5, 337: 2 aor. ἔτορον, fl. 11, 236. 
Arist, Pac. 381, fut. τετορήσω, shall speak with a pierc- 
ang voice. — For τέτορεν, he wounded, see τιτρώσκω. 
τόσσαι (τυγχάνω), a defective aor. infin., synony- 
mous. with τυχεῖν, and found only 1 in the com- 
pounds ἐπέτοσσε, part. ἐπιτόσσαις (Molic for 
émitoooas), Pind. Pyth. 4, 43; 10, 52. 


It is probably a modification of τυξαι Or τευξαι, from 
TrXN, TETXI2. 


TPAI{22, 566 τρώγω. 

τραπείομεν, see τέρπω. 

τραπέω, another form οἵ τρέπω, Epic, Il. 10, 421. 
— Hes. Scut. 301, ἐτράπεον, trod, as grapes, 
equivalent to ἐπάτεον. 

τράφω, SCC τρέφω. 

TPA, see τιτράω. 

τρέμω (τρέω), to tremble, imperf. ἔτρεμον, the rest 
may be borrowed from the simple τρέω. 
τ, It is the same as the Latin tremo, English tremble. The 
simple τρέω is connected with the Latin causative terreo, 
and the adjective ΕΝ. 

τρέπω, Ionic τράπω, to turn, Herod. 2, 92: fut. 
τρέψω, Dem. 685: aor. ἔτρεψα;, onic ἔτραψα, 
Thue. 7, -48ς Herod. 4, 202: perf. τέτροφα, 
Arist. Nub. 858 ; rarely: τέτραφα, Dem. 324: 
pert. pass. τέτραμμαι, Arist. Lys. 127: aor. pass. 
ἐτρέφϑην rare, Ionic ἐτράφϑην, Xen. Hel. 3, 5, 
20; Herod. 4, 12: 3 fut. pass. τετράψομαι, in 
Hesychius : 2 aor. ἔτραπον Jonic and Poetic, 
Il. 5, 187: 2. aor. pass. ἑτράπην usually as 
middle, Soph. Aj. 743. — Mid. τρέπομαι, Ionic 
τράπομαι, to turn one’s self, to flee, Herod. 4, 


τρὲχ 249 


θ0 : fut. τρέψομαι, Ionic τράψομαι, Xen. Anab. 
3, 5, 18; Herod. 8, 155: perf. τέτραμμαι, Arist. 
Ach. 207: 2 aor. ἐτραπόμην always reflexive, 
Thue. 1, 50.— The middle is also used: transi- 
tively in the sense fo turn, put to flight, in which 
case it has aor. ἐτρεψάμην generally. transitive, 
Xen. Anab. 5, 4, 163; Hel.-By 3) Dove & om» 

Odys. 1, 422; 18, 304, and Herod. 7, 105, ἐτρεψάμην is 
reflexive. 

Il, 16, 657, and Hes. Theog, 58,. 2 aor. ἔτραπον is intran- 
sitive. —ztetoaqmatar, perf. mid. 3 plur. Tonic as to form, 
Plat, Rep. 7, 13. κα 

τρέφω (OPE@®Q), to nourish, feed; sometimes 
τράφω, Pind. Pyth. 2, 82: fut. ϑρέψω, Soph. 
Antig. 660: aor. ἔϑρεψα, Dem. 135] : perf. 
tétgopa, Soph. Col. 186; also ἔτροφα intransi- 
tive, Hippocr.: perf. pass. τέϑραμμαι, Xen. Cyr. 
4, 5, 54: aor. pass. ἐϑρέφϑην not common, Eurip. 
Hec. 351: 2 aor. ἔτραφον as passive, Il..5, 555; . 
Odys. 3, 28: 2 aore pass. ἐτράφην, Xen. Cyr. 
2,1, 15. Verbal ϑρεπτέος, Plat. Rep. 3, 13; 
Xen. Mag. Eq. 8, 8.— Mid. τρέφομαι reflexive, 
fut. ϑρέψομαι, Xen. Anab. 6, 5, 20: aor. ἐϑρε- 
ψάμην transitive, Odys. 19, 368; Pind. Olym. 
sir (a | 

The perf. τέτροφὰ is found intransitive, to have accumu- 
lated round, to adhere to, Odys. 23, 237. — Pind. Nem. 3, 
93, τράφε, if not an imperfect; must be transitive, synony- 
mous with ἔϑρεψε. Compare Hes. frag. 86.— τρέφουν, 
pres. opt. 1 sing. for τρέφοιμι, in the Etymologicum Magnum, 
quoted. eh 

τρέχω (OPEXR, APEM2Q, APAMN), to run, 
fut. ϑρέξομαι, commonly (δραμέομαι) δραμοῦ- 
μαι, Arist. Νὰ. 1005; Vesp. 138 ; rarely δρα- 
po, Athen. 10,10: aor. ἔϑρεξα rare, Eurip. Aul. 
1569: perf. δεδράμηκα in composition, Herod. 
8, 55: perf. pass. δεδράμημαι, Xen. ico. 15,1: 


250 τρεῶ 


2 aor. ἔδραμον, Xen. Anab, 4, 5, 18: 2 perf. 
. δέδρομα Epic and in composition only, avadédgo- 
μα, Odys. 5, 412. Verbal ϑρεκτέος, περιϑρε- 
᾿ κτέος, Plat. Theet. 47.—See also dgouda or 
δρωμάω. 
δράμομαι, fut. mid. after the analogy of ἔδομαι, πίομαι, 
φάγομαι, Anthol. 9, 575. : ‘ 
toi, to tremble, aor. ἔτρεσα (oc), Xen. Anab. 1, 
9,6; Il. 11, 546. — See also τρέμω. 
τρίζω (TPIT), to chirp, screech, scream, Odys. 
24,5: imperf. ἔτριζον, Hom. Batr. 88: 2 perf. 
τέτριγα as present; part. τετριγώς, -wtos, Il. 23, 
101; 2,314: 2 pluperf. ἐτετρίγειν as imperfect, 
“Tl, 23,°714. ai 
TPY®GN, see ϑρύπτω. | 
τρύχω (Ὁ), another form of teva, Odys. 1,248: fut. 
τρύξω, Odys. 17, 387: perf. pass. τετρύχωμαι, 
~ Thuc. 4,60. — Pass. τρυχόομαι, Mimnerm. 2, 12. 
tova (0), to afflict, wear out, Soph. Trach. 124: 
᾿ς fut. τρύσω, Aisch. Prom. 27: perf. pass. τέτρῦ- 
μαι, Herod. 1, 22... ἦν : 
τρώγω (T'PAI'S2), to eat, fut. τρώξομαι, Arist. 
Vesp. 155: aor. ἔτρωξα rare, Hom. Batr. 126: 
perf. pass. τέτρωγμαι, Arist. Vesp. 371: 2 aor. 
ἔτραγον, Arist. Av. 655. 
τυγχάνω (tevyo, TY XI), to obtain, hit, happen, 
chance, fut. τεύξομαι, Soph. Antig. 778; Xen. 
Cyr. 2, 8, 4: aor. ἐτύχησα Epic, Il. 4, 106; 
Odys. 14, 334: perf. τέτευχα not common, 
Athen. 13, 44; commonly tetvynxa, Xen. Cyr. 
4, 1, 2: pluperf.. éretevyex Tonic, happened, 
Herod. 3, 14: 2 aor. ἔτυχον, Soph. Col. 780. 


In the sense to happen, chance, happen to be, this verb has 
τυγχάνω, ἐτύγχανον, ἐτύχησα, ἐτετεύχεα, ἔτυχον. --- Thuc. 1, 32, 
τετύχηκα takes the meaning to happen, chance, happen to be. 


τύπτω (TYU2), to. strike, fut. τυπτήσω, Arist. 
Plut. 20: aor. ἔτυψα, Herod. 3, 64: perf. pass. 


υφαι 251 


τέτυμμαι and τετύπτημαι, Herod. 3, 64; Dem. 
1255: 2 aor. ἔτυπον rare, Eurip. Ion, 767 ; and 
part. τετύπων (not τετυπών), Call. Dim. 61: 
2 aor. pass. ἐτύπην, Adsch. Prom. 361: fut. mid. 
τυπτήσομαι as passive, Arist. Nub. 1379. Ver- 
bal τυπτητέος, Dem. 1271. — Mid. τύπτομαι, to 
smite one’s self for grief, to bewail, Herod. 2, 40 

~ 42. 61: aor. ἐτυψάμην, Herod. 2, 40. 
Etymologically connected with the Latin stupeo. . 

τύφω (OYPM2), long v, to raise smoke, smoke, 
burn, Soph. Antig. 1009.5. Arist. Vesp. 457: 

aor. ϑύψαι, in Hesychius: per. pass. τέϑυμμαι, 
Asch. Sup. 186: 2 aor. pass. ἔφην () Arist. 
Lys. 221. 222. 


Y. 


ὑγιαίνω, τἰδθδρ: Wh 1 good health, fut. ὑγιανῶ, Xen. 
Mem. 2, 2, 10: aor. ὑγίᾶνα, Tonic ὑγίηνα, Dem. 
1256 ; Hippocr. : aor. pass. ὑγιάνϑην, Hippocr. 
de Art. ee 


Arist. Ran, 165, vyiacys, good bye, Latin vale. 


ὑλάσκω and vada (a), to bark, asa dog, to yell, 
Odys. 16, 9; Theoc. 25,70; Aésch. Sup, 877: 

- Imperf. ὅλᾶον, Odys. 16, 5. — Mid. saa ὁλᾶσ- 
μὴν. as active, Odys. 16, 162. 

ὑπείκω, see εἴχω, lo yreld. 

ὑπεμνήμιῦκε, see ἡμύω. ; 

ὑπισχνέομαι. (ὧπό, ἔσχω, Bos Poetic. and. Ionic 
piel aap to promise, wee one’s self, Xen. 
_ Anab. 7, 6, 38; Odys. 8, 347; Herod. 7, 104: 
fut. ὑποσγχγήσομαι, Dem. 445: “perf. ὑπέσχημαι,. 
Thuc. 8, 48: aor. pass. ὑπεσχέϑην, ὑποσχέϑητι, 
rare, Plat. Phedr. 25: 2 aor. mid. vmEoZouny, 
Soph. Col. 227. 

ὑφαίνω (updo, " ὙΦΑΝΩ),. to* weave; fut. ὑφανώ, 
Arist. Eccl. 654: aor, ὕφηνα, ‘Doric .ὕφᾶνα, 


᾿ 


252 υφαῶ 


| Eurip. Taur. 814; Odys. 13,303: perf. ὕφαγκα, 
συνύφαγκα, later, Dionys. Hal. Composit. Verb. 
§ 16 (p. 215, Scheef.) : perf. pass. ὕφασμαι, He- 
rod. 3, 47: aor. pass. ὑφάνϑην; Herod. 1, 203. 
— Mid. vpaivouc. transitive, aor. ὑφηνάμην, 
Xen. Mem. 3, 11, 6. 


_ The perf. pass. was also ig’pucuar, with the Attic 
reduplication, Etymol. Magn. . Suidas. writes. it. ἐφήφδομαι, 
and, what is worse, tries to defend it. 

Etymologicall connected with the English ithe woof, 
we 

ὑφάω,. io weave, found only in the Epic 3 plur. 
ὑφόωσι protracted from vpact (vpdovot), Odys. 
7, 106. See also ὑφαίνω. 

ὕω KON to rain, rain upon, Hes. Op. 550: fut. 
vow (Ὁ), aor. doa, Arist, Nub. 1118; Pind. 
Olym. 7,91: perf. pass. ὕσμαι, aor. pass. ὕσϑην, 
Xen. Venat. 9,5; Herod. 3, 10: fut. mid. ὕσο- 

_ wat as passive, Herod. 2, 14. 

_ Perhaps connected with χέω (X72), to pour, whith see. 


Φ. 


ὦ 41..2), see ἐσθίω. | 

paiva (φάω, PAN), to show, shine, Plat. Tim. 
14; Arist. Nub. 586: fut. gave, Soph. Antig. 
325: aor. épnva, Xen. Hel. 3, 5, 10 : perf. 
πέφαγκα, in composition, ἀποπέφαγκα; Dinarch. 
40: ~ pass. πέφασμαι, -avoat, -avto, Xen. 
Hel. 5, 1, 29% 801. pass. epavdny not common, 

_ Soph. Tyr. 1485: 2 aor..émavov, Epic iterative 
3 sing. pavéeoxe, he appeared, would appear, Il. 
11,64; Odys. 11, 587: 2 aor. pass. ἐφάνην as 
middle, Xen. Anab. 3, 2,9: 2 perf. πέφηνα as 
middle, Asch. Prom. 111. — See also φάω, to 
shine. — Mid. φαίνομαι, to show one’s self, to 

. appear, fut. φανέομαι, φανοῦμαι, Herod. 3, 35; 
‘Thue. 7, 56: perf. πέφασμαι, 1]. " 122; Soph. 


φέρω 253 


Tyr. 1184: aor. ἐφηνάμην transitive, to show, 
Soph. Phil. 944 : 2 aor. (ἐφανόμην), subj. 2 dual 
φανῆσϑον, Plat. Eryx. 17. 

pavoiny, fut. opt. for φανοῖμι, Soph. Aj. 313. — po- 
Gr ony or ἐφαάνϑην, aor, pass. by protracting a, for épav- 
Inv, Epic, ll. 1, 200; 4, 468. — φανήῃ, 2 aor, pass. subj. 
Epic for φανῇ, Il. 22, 73. 


φάσκω, see φημί, πιφαύσκω. 

φάω, to shine, Epic, impert. 3 sing. ode (a), Odys. 
14, 502: 3 fut. πεφήσομαι as middle, Il. 17, 155. 
Not to be confounded with the following. — See 
also paiva. 

DAR, see DENN, φημί, πιφαύσκω. 

φείδομαι (Φ.14.2), 10 spare, fut. φείσομαι, Xen. 
Hel. 2, 3, 34; also πεφιδήσομαι Epic, Il. 15, 
215: 2 aor. mid. opt. πεφιδοίμην, χεφιδέσθαι, 
Epic, Odys, 9, 277; Il. 21, 101. 

DENG and DAQ, to kill, Epic, perf. pass. 3 sing. 
πέφᾶται, 3 plur. πέφανται, infin. πεφάσϑαι, Il. 
15, 140; 5, 531; 13, 447: 3 fut. pass. πεφή- 
σομαι, Ἢ 13, 829 ; Odys. 22, 217: 2 aor. πέ- 
φνον οἵ éxepvoy, πέφνω, πεφνέμεν (πεφνεῖν), 
πέφνων (not πεφνών), Il. 13, 363; 20, 172 ; 16, 
827; 6, 180; Soph. Tyr. 1497 ; Odys. 22, 346. 

These two forms follow the analogy of FEN, TAN, 

τ γέγονα, 7έγαα" MEN, MAN, piperer: μέμαα. Further, 
DENS. is the theme of φόνος, gory. 

φέρβω, to feed, transitive, Eurip.. Hip. 75: 2 plu- 
perf. ἐπεφόρβειν implying 2 perf. πέφορβα, Hom. 
ym, 2, 105. 

φέρημι, -not, Epic for φέρω, Odys. 19, 111. 

φέρω (O12, ENEKN, ENETK2, ENEIK2), 
to bear, bring, carry, fut. οἴσω, Soph. _ Tyr. 638: 
aor. ἤνεγκα, Soph. Elec. 13; Ionic ἤνεικα, He- 
rod. 3, 30; also (argon) infin. ἀνῷσαι very rare, 
Herod. 1, 157: apart ἐνήνοχα, Dem. 550: perf. 


254 pEevy 


pass. ἐνήνεγμαι, Eurip. Ion, 1340; Tonic ἐνή- 
“ψείγμαι, Herod. 2, 125 rarely οἶσμαι, Lucian. 
Parasit. § 2: aor. pass. ἠνέχϑην, Xen. Anab. 4, 
7, 125 Ionic ἠνείχϑην, Herod. 1, 66: fut. pass. 
ἐνεχϑήδομαι, οἰσϑήσομαι, Thuc. 7, 56; Dem. 
1094: 2 aor. ἤνεγκον, Soph. Col, 521. Verbal 
οἰστέος, Soph. Col. 1360. — Mid. φέρομαι usually 
transitive, to bear or bring for one’s self, fut. 
οἴσομαι, Soph. Elec. 969: perf. ἐνήνεγμαι, Dem. 
814: aor. yveyxdunv, Ionic ἠνεικάμην, Xen. 
(Koon. 7, 13; Herod. 1, 57. 
φέρτε, pres. imperat. 2 plur. syncopated for φέρετε, Il. 9, 
171. —oics, -étw, -etg, aor. Imperat. Poetic, Arist. Ran. 
482; Il. 19,173 ; Odys. 20, 154: infin. οἰσέμεναι, οἷσέ- 
μὲν, OF οἴσειν, for οἶσαι, il. 3, 120; 18, 191; Pind. Pyth. 
4, 181. —avevevsyxrau, that is, OVEV IVEY HT OL (ἀνά, ἐνή- 
veyutor), perf. pass. 3 sing. ftom ΕἸΝΕΤ ΚΙ, ἴῃ an ancient 
Attic inscription (Boeckh. Inscript. 76,4): Also ἐπανενή- 
γειγκται, perf. pass, 3 sing. in another Attic inscription 
(Boeckh. Athen. Nav. p. 259)... 
Connected with the Latin fero, porto (φόρτος), English 
bear, wear, ‘For the commutation- of g and 8, compare 
 “egevixn, Βερενίκη " Φίλιππος, Bilinnos. - 
pevya (PITR, PY ZQ), to flee, fut. φεύξομαι or 
φευξοῦμαι, Xen. Hel: 4; 4,55 Arist. Plut. 447: 
2 aor. ἔφυγον, Soph: Aj. 403: 2 perf. πέφευγα, 
nepevyoinv, Arist. Vesp. 994; Soph. Tyr. 840; 
also part. πεφυζότες, Epic, Il. 21, 6; 22, 1. 
Verbal gmevxtéos, Eurip. Hel. 860. — Mid. perf. 
part. πεφυγμένος transitive, having escaped, Odys. 
1, 18: aor. ‘infin. διεαφεύξασθαι, Hippocr.-- 
fisch. Agam. 1907, Zpevéac, to utter φεῦ, moan, does 
not come from φεύγω, but from the interjection φεῦ, after the 
analogy of ᾧμωξα from οἴμοι, and ὠτότυξα from’ ὁτοτοῖ. The 
passage KAS. φεῦ φεῦ. ΧΟΡ. τὶ τοῦτ᾽ ἔφευξας; may be 
compared with MNHS. μῦ wv. ΕΥ͂Ρ. τὶ μύξεις; Arist. 
Thesm. 281. ie hee « 
Connected with the Latin fugio, fuga (puyn).- - 
φημί (DAM), Doric φαμί, to say, po, painy, pad, 


φθει 255 


φάναι, gas* also φάσκω, to (say, affirm, -imperf. 
ἔφην usually as aorist : fut. φήσω, Dem. 33 ; Doric 
φάσω and φασῶ, Pind. Nem. 7, 150; liane. 
11, 70: aor. ἔφησα, Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 5: Doric 
ἔφᾶσα, Pind. Nem. 1, 99: perf. pass. 3. sing. 
πέφᾶται later Epic, Apol. 2, 500; imperat. ze- 
φάσϑω, Plat. Tim. 48 ; part. πεφασμένος, 1]. 14, 
127. Verbal -patéos, Plat. Phileb. 84. ---- Mid. 
᾿φάμαι, φάσϑε, as active, Odys. 6, 200 ; 10, 562; 
imperat. pao, pasta, φάσϑε, Odys. 16, 168; 
20, 100; Il. 9, 422; infin. φάσϑαι, 1]. 1, 187; 
part. φάμενος, Il. 5, 290; Nan Hel. 1, 6, ὃ: 
imperf. ἐφάμην as aorist, Il. 8, 498; 1, 33. 
Generally Poetic. 

The dependent moods of the present are generally (if not 
always) aoristic, that is, they follow, in sense, the imperfect 
ἔφην, ἐφάμην. — φήῃ, subj. Epic for φῇ; Odys. 11, 128. — 
Athen. 1, 14, φάναι in the trimeter ἔπειτα φάναι μικρὸν 
ὀψιαίτερον has apparently a long penult. 

Etymologically connected with the Latin kaif fari, sn 
fama, vatis (προ-φήτης). 

φϑάνω (POA), to anticipate, fut. pFdacwo, Xen. 
Cyr. 7, 1, 19; commonly φϑήσομαι, Thuc. 5, 
10; Isoc. 56: aor. ἔφϑᾶσα, Arist. Plut. 1102; 
Doric ἔφϑαξα, 'Theoc. 2, 115; perf. ξιρϑᾶκα, 
Dem. 239: 2 aor. ἔφϑην like ἔστην, φϑῶ, φϑαί- 
nv, φϑῆναι, potas, Il. 16, 314; Xen. Hel. 7, 5, 
10: 2 aor. mid. part. φϑάμενος as active, Epic, 
Il. 5, 119; Hes. Op. 568. 

The present φϑάνω and imperfect ἔφϑανον have ἃ in the 
Epic writers, and ἃ in the Attic.— ay, 2 aor. 3 plur. 
Epic for ἔφϑησαν, 1]. 11, 51: subj. Epic p Onn, pF éwuer, 
φϑέωσι, for φϑῇ, Stine, φϑῶσι, ll. 16, S61; Odys. 16, 
383 ; 24; 437: opt. 3 sing. sid τω ena Ka Paladin very 
rare for edaln, Il, 10, 346. 

φϑείρω (POEPL), to corrupt, destroy, fut. φϑε- 
ea, Epic φϑέρσω, Soph. Trach. 713; Il. 13, 


256 pov 


625: aor. ἔφϑειρα, Thuc. 1, 69: perf. ἔφϑαρκα, 
᾿ς Eurip. Med. 226; perf. pass. ἔφϑαρμαι, Soph. 
Elec. 765: 2 aor. pass. ἐφϑάρην, Thuc. 1, 24: 
2 perl. ἔφϑορα (διέφϑορα), Soph. Elec. 306: 
fut. mid. pe παρα Me aa and φθαρέομαι, 

Herod. 8, 108; ; Soph. Tyr. 272. 


The 2 perf. i . also used intransitively, to be 
ruined, but not in the Attic dialect, Il. 15, 128. — ἐφϑ ἀ- 
gutas, pluperf. pass. 3 plur. Ionic form, Thuc. 3, 13, — 
διεφϑαρέατο, 2 aor. mid, 3 plur. Ionic for billy codes, as 
pluperfect passive, Herod. 8, 90. 

φθίνω (φθίω), to perish, sink as to health, be con- 
sumed, usually intransitive, Odys. 5, 161 ; Soph. 
Col. 610: 2 aor. ἔφθιθον, ἀπέφθιθον Epic, 
Odys. 5, 110. 133. : 

This form has the same relation to φϑίω that δύνω has to 
δύω. 

Soph. Elec. 1414, φϑίνει is transitive, for φϑέει. Also 
Theoc. 25, 122, φϑίνουσι for φϑίουσι. 

φθίω (DOIMI), to waste, consume, destroy, Il. 18, 
446: fut. φθίσω; φθιώ, Il. 6, 407; Soph. Aj. 
1027: aor. ἔφθισα, Soph. Aj. 1027; ZEsch, 
Eum. 172; Odys. 20, 67: perf. pass. ᾿ἐφθύμαι; 
Odys. 20, 340: pluperf. pass.. ἐφθίμην, Il. 1, 
251: aor. pass. ἐφθίθην (7), Odys. 23, 331. — 
See also p0iva.— Mid. to perish, fut. φθίσομαι, 
Il. 11, 820; Odys. 13, 384: 2 aor. épOiuny, 
subj. pOiouat, Epic for φθίωμαι, -εταῖι for -ηται, 
Il. 18, 100; 14, 87;-20, 173; Soph. Tyr. 962; 
opt. φθίμην (7), 3 sing. φθῖτο, ‘Odys. 10, 51; 11, 
330; imperat. 3 sing. φθίσθω, Il. 8, 429; lnGn. 
φθίσθαι, I]. 9, 246; 18, 667; part. φθίμενος, 
Il. 8, 359. 


Be yt gs φϑεῖσθαι, later for φϑίσϑω, φϑίσϑαι, Apol. 

3, 778. 754. — The analogical form of the 2 aor. mid. opt. 
would be φϑιιμὴην, pIuo, like ἱστα-ίμην, tata-io. 

Hesychius has φϑεῖ, Ivjoxne* φϑείης, φϑαρείης " pd ή- 
σονται, διαφϑαρήσονται; implying φϑέω and SOUMI.- 


= 


‘pope 257 


φιλέω (PIAL), to love, entertain, regular: 3 fut. 
πεφιλήσόμαι; Call. :Del. 270: fut. mid. φιλήσο- 
pat as passive, Odys. 1, 129... 
Epic aor. mid. ἐφίλάμην as active, from @142, Il. 5, 61 ; 
subj. φέλωμαι (7), Hom. Hym. 4, 117 ; imperat. φίλαι (ana- 
logically φίλαι), Hl. 5, 1175 part. ᾿φιλάμενος; Apol. 4, 990. — 


φιλήμεναι, pres. infin, Epic, as if from grraglt Η, 22, 
265.’ 


DAAZR (BAAAR), to ‘padi burst asunder, 
swell as with lust, 2-aor. ἔφλαδον, Ζβοι. Choéph. 
28 : perf. pass. πέφλασμαι, ἀναπέφλασμαι, Arist. 
Lys. 1099. 

φλάω, another form of ϑλάω, to bruise, Arist. Plut. 
784: fut. φλάσω, Doric φλᾶσῶ, Theoc. 5, 148: 
aor. épAaca, Pind. Nem. 10, 128; ἔφλᾶσα, 
Theoc. ὅ, 150: perf. pass. nipacapai, aor. pass. 
ἐφλάσθην, Hippocr.. de. Genitur. § 9. 

φλεγέθω (φλέγω), Poetic, transitive or intransitive, 
to burn, Latin uro or ardeo, Il. 17, 738; 18, 
211. — Pass. φλεγέθομαι, Il. 23, 211. 

φλύω, to boil wp, blab, Il: 21, 361: aor. ἔφλυσα, 
ἤβοι. Prom. 504; Anthol, 7, 351; also ἔφλυξα, 
Αροὶ. 3, 583. 

Archil. frag. 104, aor. ἐπ φληδον may be referred to this 
verb, 

φλύω, to scorch, bsrhbhide the compound περιφλύω, 
Arist. Nub. 896: perf. pass. ar 208 fe: νην 
Herod. 5, 77. 

φοβέω, (ΦΏΒΏ, 6808), to terrify, frighten, cause 
to fear, regular: aor. pass. ἐφοδήθην as middle, 
Eurip. ‘Rhes. 47: fut. pass. φοβηθήσομαι as 
middle, Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 18. — Mid. φοβέομαι, 
to fear, φοβήσομαι, πεφόβημαϊ! Xen. Hel. 2, 3, 
39 ; Soph. Aj..139: aor. mid. sane n659 later 

> and doubtful, Anacr. 3, 11. 


᾿ Etymologically connected with the Latin paveo, pavor. 
' ones 90 


258 poge 


φορέω (φέρω); lo carry, wear, regular: aor. ἐφόρη- 
σα and ἐφόρεσα, Il. 19, 11; Iseus, 71. 
φορῆναι and φορήμεναι, infin. implying φορημι, Il. 2, 
107; 15, 310. —qogénocy, pres, ind. 3 sing. implying 
φορεημι, Bion, 1, 84. 
φραδάω, for φράζω, in Hesychius φραδοίον, aor. 
φράδασσε, Pind. Nem. 3, 45. 
godta (PPAAMN), to tell, explain, fut. φράσω, 
Soph. Tyr. 330: aor. ἔφρασα, Thuc. 3, 42: 
perf. πέφρακα, Isoc. 101: perf. pass. πέφρα- 
σμαι, Isoc. (Antid.), 97: aor. pass. ἐφράσθην as 
middle, Pind. Nem. 5, 62; Herod. 1, 84: 2 aor. 
πέφραδον and ἐπέφραδον Epic, Il. 14, 500; 
Hes. Theog. 74. 162. Verbal φραστέος, Plat. 
Bpist. 2, 312, 30. — ΜΙά.- φράζομαι, to consider, 
perceive, fut. φράσομαι (oo) Epic, Odys. 19, 
501; 5, 188: perf. πέφρασμαι, Soph. Antig. 
364: aor. ἐφρασάμην (oc) Epic, Il. 1, 537. 
προπεφραδμένος, perf. pass. part. for προπεφρασμένος, 
previously named, Hes. Op. 653. 
φράσσω or φρᾶἄᾶττω (PPAT'L2), to stop up, fence; 
rarely φράγνυμι, Thuc. 7, 74: aor. ἔφραξα, Odys. 
5, 256: perf. pass.. πέφραγμαι, Arist. Vesp. 
352: aor. pass. ἐφράχθην, Xen. Hel. 5, 2, 5: 
2 aor. pass. ἐφράγην later. — Mid. φράγνυμαι 
transitive, Soph. Antig. 241; Arist. frag. 336: 
aor. ἐφραξάμην usually transitive, Il. 15, 566 ; 
Esch. Sept. 63; Thuc. 8, 35. 
φρίσσω or φρίττω (PPIKMN), to shudder, shudder 
at, to be rough, aor. ἔφριξα, Dem. 559: 2 perf. 
πέφρικα, Arist. ΝΡ. 1133. 
πεφρίκοντας (i), part. from a new present πεφρίκω, 
Pind. Pyth. 4, 325. 
φρύγω (Ὁ) and φρύττω, to roast, parch, Arist. Ran. 
511; Theoc. 6, 16. fut. Doric φρυξώ, Theoc. 7, 
66: aor. ἔφρυξα, Athen. 9, 34: perf. pass. πέ- 
φρυγμαι, Thuc. 6, 22: aor. pass. ἐφρύχθην, 


gua 259. 


Hom. Epigr. 14, 4: 2 aor. pass. ἐφρύγην, Anthol. 
7, 293. 


Etymologically connected with the Latin frigo. 

φυγγάνω, another form of φεύγω, Soph.: Elec. 
132; Herod. 6, 16. 

ΦΥΓΩ and ΦΥΖΩ, see φεύγω... 

φυλάσσω or φυλάττω (ΦΥΖ4ΚΩ), to guard, pv- 
λάξω, mid. φυλάσσομαι, to guard against any 
thing, regular. 

προφύλαχϑε (φύλα χϑ ε), pres. imperat. 2 plur. Epic 

for προφυλάσσετε, Hom. Hym, 1, 538 ; formed from @©744- 
Kf after the analogy ἄνωχϑε from ἀ ἀνώγω " thus, Peeps 
᾿ς προφυλακτε, προφύλαχ-ϑε. 

pipe (Ὁ), to knead, mix, aor. ἔφυρσα, Odys. 18, 

: perf. pass. πέφυρμαι, Xen. Ages. 2, 14: 

aor. pass. ἐφύῤθην, Asch. Agam.. 732: 3 fut. 
pass. πεφύρσομαι, Pind. Nem. 1, 104: 2 aor. 
pass. ἐφύρην later. 

‘The forms from @rP42 are regular ; thus, φυράσω, Ionic 
gugnse, &c. 

φύως io produce, beget ; rarely as middle, to grow, 
spring up, Il. 6, 149: fut. φύσω (Ὁ), Soph. Tyr. 
438: aor. ἔφῦσα, Xen. Mem. 2, 3, 19: perf. 
népixa usually as present middle, to be by na- 
ture or naturally, to be, to be born, Thuc. 3, 45; 
Soph. Phil. 79: pluperf. ἐπεφύκειν as imperfect 
middle, Odys. 5, 238: 2 perf. πέφῦα, πεφυώς, 
-ὦτος, as present middle, to be, grow, Epic, Il. 4, 
485; 1, 513; 14, 288; Odys. 5, 477; Theog. 
896: 2 aor. ἔφῦν. usually as present middle, to 
be, to be born, pia, φύην (Ὁ), φῦναι, pds, Soph. 
Antig. 79 Col. 1113; Theoc. 15, 94: 2 aor. 
pass. Ra τ punvat, φυείς, not Attic, Hippoer. ; 
Paleph. 6, 3.— Mid. φύομαι, to be begotten, 
produced, to spring up, grow, fut. φύσομαι, Asch. 
Prom. 871. ‘The rest is borrowed from the ac- 
tive, πέφυκα, ἐπεφύκειν, πέφυα, ἔφυν. 


260 χαΐζω 


negpuxy,-pluperf. 1 sing. contracted from πεφύκεα, Theoc. 
13, 40.— ἐπέφυκον, imperf. from a new present, πεφύκω, 
Hes. Op. 148; Theog. 152.— Hippocr. 1, 399 (Kiihn’s), 
ἐκφύσομαι, transitively. 

It is etymologically connected with the Latin ruo (whence 
Sui, fore), fo, facio (?).— It seems -to be the parent of 


ποιέω OF ποέω (ΠΟ). 


xX. 


χάζω (XAAS2), used only in the compound ἀναχά- 
ζω, commonly χάζομαι, to give way, yield, retreat, 
mostly Epic, 11. ὅ, 34..249; Xen. Anab. 4, 1, 
16: fut. χάσομαι (a0), Tl. 13, 153 ; also κεκ δ. 
o@ causative, will cause to give up, deprive of, 
bereave, Odys. 21, 153: 2 aor. κέκαδον causative, 
to cause to give up, deprive, Il. 11,334: aor. mid. 
inf. χάσασθαι; διαχάσασθαι, Xen. Cyr. % 1,31: 
2 aor. mid. xexadduny, Il. 4, 497. 


For the change of χ into x, compare τετυκεῖν, τετυχέσϑαι, 
‘from τιτύσκομαι " δέκομαι, for δέχομαι. 


It is ug domi, a connected with the Latin verb cedo. 
χαίνω, see χάσκω. 
χαίρω (XAPI), to rejoice, fut. χαιρήσω, Herod. 
1, 128; .also κεχαρήσω, κεχαρήσομαι, Ἐρίο, Il. 
15, 98: aor. ἐχαίρησα later, Plutarch. Lucul. 
§ 25: perf. κεχάρηκα as present, Arist. Vesp. 764: 
2 aor. pass. ἐχάρην as active, Arist. Av. 1743: 
2 fut. pass. ywaonoopae later, as active, Gregor. 
Corinth. :.2 perl. part. κεχαρηώς as present, Epic, 
Il. 7,: 312. — Mid. as active 5 present and im- 
perfect not used: perf. κεχάρημαι and κέχαρμαι 
as present, Poetic, Eurip. Aul. 200; Cycl. 367: 
aor. ἐχηράμην not Attic, Il. 14, 270: ὁ δον. κε. 
χαρόμην, Odys. 4, 344; 2, 249. 
The present middle χαίρομαν was probably considered a 
barbarism ;, Arist, Pac. 29]. 


χαλάω, to loosen, fut. χαλάσω, in Suidas: aor. ἐχά- 


χεζω 261 


daca (oo), Arist. Thesm. 1008 :- Hom. Hym. 1, 
6; Doric ἐχάλαξα, Pind. Pyth. 1, 10: perf. xe- 
id dmiee, Hippocr. : perf. pass. scaspel beats prot An- 
thol. 9, 297: aor. pass. ἐχαλάσθην, Adsch. Prom. 
991: aor. mid. ἐχαλασάμην transitive, Apol. 2, 
1264. , 

χαλεπαίνω (χαλεπός), to be offended, fut. γαλεπα- 
va, Plat. Crito, 16: aor. ἐχαλέπηνα, Il. 16, 386: 
aor. pass. ἐχαλεπάνθην as active, Xen. Anab. 4, 
6, 2. — Mid. χαλεπαίνομαι as active, Xen. Cyr. 
5, 2, 18.— Pass. yahenaivonat, to be treated 
harshly, Plat. Rep. 1, 10. ὁ 

χανδάνω (Χ 442), ΧΑΝΔΩ, XENA2), to con- 
tain, grasp, hold, fut. χείσομαι, Odys. 18, 17; 
Hom. Hym. 3, 258: 2 aor. ἔχαδον, Il. 4, 24; 14, 
34:. 2 perf. χέχανδα as present, Odys. 4, 96: 
2 pluperf. κεχάνδειν as imperfect, Il. 24, 192. 

XANS2, see χάσκω. 

χαρίζομαι, to gratify, present, fut. χαριούμαι, He- 
rod. 1, 90; 3, 39: perf. eta e Tsoc. 392: 
aor. ἐχαρισάμην, Xen. Cyr. 3, 3 


Herod. 8, 5, pluperf. 3 sing. i agves impersonally, 
an acceptable service was done, the request [οἵ the Eubceans | 


was complied with.— κεχαρισμένος, ἡ, ov, usually as an 
adpotixe, maceptneh, I]. 5, 243; Xen, Mem. 1, 3, 3. 


χάσκω, later yaiva (ΧΑ, XANL), to gape, fut. 
χανοῦμαι, Arist. Lys. 272: 2 aor. ἔχανον, Soph. 
Aj. 1227: 2 perf. χέχηνα as present, fo be open, 
gape, Arist. Av. 51: 2 pluperf. ἐχκεχήνειν, ἐκεχή- 
vy, as imperfect, Arist. Ach. 10. 


Arist. Ach, 133, κεχήνετε, 2 perf. imperat. usually written 
κεχήνατε. 

It is a kind of onomatopy, connected with χήν, Latin hio, 
hisco, German géhnen, English yawn, gape, gander (χήν, 
anser), and perhaps goose. 


χέζω (XEAQ), cacare, fut. χέσομαι, commonly ye- 
covuat, Arist. frag. 207; Vesp.. 941: aor. ἔχεσα 


262 χειρ 


εἰ and ἔχεσον, Arist. Eccl. 320 ; Thesm. 570: perf. 
pass.. κέχεσμαι, Arist. Ach. 1170: 2 perf. xéyoda, 
Arist. Av. 68: aor. mid, ἐχεσάμην, Arist. Eq. 
* Jt is not absolutely absurd to suppose that the form χέσαιτο 
(Arist. Eq. 1057) was coined by the poet for the purpose of 
making a chime with μαχέσαιτο. 
It seems to be etymologically connected with χέω, σχώρ 
gen. oxatos. See also σχεδάννυμι. 


χειρόομαι (χείρ), to. subdue; sometimes passively to 
be subdued, Eurip. Elec. 1168; Arist. Vesp. 
439 ; rarely χειρόω, to handle roughly, treat with 
violence, Arist. Vesp. 443: fut. χειρώσομαι, Soph. 
Phil. 92: perf. κεχείρωμαι passively, Thuc. 5, 
96: aor. pass. ἐχειρώθην. passively, Herod. 4, 
96: aor. mid. ἐχειρωσάμην, Thuc. 3, 40. 
χέω (XEYS2), to pour: fut. χέω, yeis, χεῖ, like the 
present, Eurip. Sup. 773; Arist. Pac. 169 ; Epic 
χεύσω, yevo, Odys. 2, 222; later yea, ἐχχεῶ, 
Septuag. Joel, 2;.28: aor. yea, χέω, yéov, Xen. 
Cyr. 1, 3, 9; Epic, éyevoa, ἔχενα, Il. 4, 269 ; 
Odys. 24, 81; rare and doubtful ἔγῦσα, Arist. 
Av. 210: Xen. Mem. 4, 3, 8: perf. xéyixa, 
éxxéyuxa, Anthol. Planud. 242: aor. pass. éyv- 
θην (v), Arist. Vesp. 1469. — Mid. χέομαι, Epic 
χεύομαι, transitive, Eurip. Orest. 472; Hes. Op. 
581: fut. χέομαι like the present, Iszeus, 149 : 
perf. κέχύμαι, Il. 5, 141 5.Eurip. Bac. 456: aor. 
᾿ἐχεάμην, Epic ἐχευάμην, Soph. Col. 477; Il. 5, 
314: 2 aor. ἐχύμην (v), Epic, Odys. 19, 470; 
10, 415; Il. 23, 385; 4, 526; Aisch. Choéph. 
401. 
ἐγχεῦντα, Or ἐκχεῦντα, part. fut. contracted from 
ἐγχέοντα, Theoc. 10, 53. 
This verb may possibly be connected with. oxedarruut, .xe- 


δάννυμι, χέζω, Latin sagitta, Saxon huer (ewer), English shed 
(Saxon sced), shoot, shot, German schossen. 


yout 263 


XAAZM (XAA42), to swell, sound Loud, bubble 

up, 2perf. part. κεχλᾶδώς, Pind. : Olym. 9, 3. 
χεχλάδω, a new present, hence infin. ; EERE Pre part. 
κεχλάδων, Pind. frag. 48; Pyth. 4, 318, 

χολόω (χόλος), to incense, render angry, regular : 
aor. pass. ἐχολώθην as middle, Il. 13, 206: 3 fut.” 
pass. κεχολώσομαι as future middle, Ik. 1, 139% 
δ, 421. — Mid. χολόομαι, to be incensed, angry, 
fut. γολώσομαι, 1]..14, 310: perf. χεχόλωμαι, to 
be angry, Odys. 1, 69; Il. 1, 217: aor. ἐχολω-. 
σάμην, Il. 14, 155. 

χορεύω (χορό9), to : dance, regular : fut. χορεύσω, 
χορεύσομαι, Dem. 1001: perf. pass. 3 sing. im- 
personal, κεχόρευται, Arist. Nub. 1510: aor. mid. 
,ἐχορευσάμην as active, Arist. Thesm. 103. 

χόω, to heap up, dam; also χώννυμε and γωννύω, 
rare in the early authors, Herod. 2, 137; Plat. 
Leg. 12,9; Ctes. Epitom. 86: fut. χώσω, Xen. 
Cyr. ἐᾷ 3, 1: aor. ἔχωσα, Dem. 79 : perf. κέ- 
χωκα, ἀνα κέχωκα; Dem. 1279 : pert. pass. xéya- 

. oat, Herod. 2,. 138: aor. pass. ἔψώφθην; Xen. 

yes Get, Ki. 50] . 

XP AIZM2Q, to assist, helo sae off, avert, Epic, 
fut: χραισμήσω, Il. 20, 296 : aor. epecntcnteits Il. 
16, 837: 2 aor. ἔχραισμον. 

With respect to sense, it is related to and, ἀμύνω, ἀρή- 
χω, ἀρκέω, Which see. 

χράομαι, to use, fut. χρήσομαι, Arist. Plut..941: 
perf. κέχρημαι :generally ‘transitive, Dem. 297, 
Herod: 7,145: aor. pass. ἐχρήσθην generally 
transitive, Dem.:520; Herod: 7,144: 8 fut. pass. 
κεχρήσομαι, Theoc. 16, 73 aor. mid. renee 
Thuc. 1,6. Verbal Honoreos, Xen. Memé 3, 1 
11. ails 

χράω, to lend, see κίχρημι. 

χράω (a), to give an oracular response, Fendi 4, 


264 χρεμ 


164: fut. γρήσω, Herod. 1.. aor. ἔχρησα, 
Thue. ὅ, 32: perf. κέχρηκα ἀν, Call frag. 456: 
perf. pass. κέχρημαι and κέχρησμαι, Herod. 4, 
164; 7, 141: aor. pass. ἐχρήσθην, Thuc. 3, 96. 
— Mid. χράομαι; to consult an oracle, Herod. 4, 
150: fut. γρήσομαι, Odys. 8, 81; Herod. 1, 46. 
χρεμετίζω and XPE MIZS2; to neigh, aor. ἐχρέμισα, 

Il. 12, 51; Hes. Scut. 348. 
χρή (XP-AR), at is necessary, there is need, imper- 
sonal, subj. χρῇ» opt. χρείη, infin. χρῆναι and 
χρῆν, part. χρεών, Arist. Lys. 133; Nub. 1059 ; 
Soph. Tyr. 555; Aj. 520: imperf, ἐχρὴν or 
χρὴν (never ἔχρην), Soph. Phil. 1062: fut. χρή- 
ost, and aor. ἔχρησε, see the compound ἀπόχρη. 


The inf. χρῆν occurs as ἃ noun, τὸ χρῆν, necessity, Eurip. 
Hee. 260. — The part. χρεών occurs also as an indeclinable 
noun, τὸ χρεών, tov χρεών, Eurip. Herc, 828. 21. — χρῇς and 
zededa, 2 pers. sing. personally, thou needest, Arist. Ach. 


778 ; Cratinus apud Suid. — Mid. perf. κέχρημαι, κεχρημένος, 
to need, Eurip. Aul. 382 ; Odys. 1, 13. 


χρήζω, to need, wish, beg, Soph. Trach. 408 ; also 
to deliver an oracle, ὁ equivalent to χράω, Eurip. 
Hel. 516: fut. vyeyow, Plat. Loc. 6: aor. ἔχρῃσα, 
Herod. 5, 20. 

χρηίζω, the ‘uncontracted form of verte, Ionic, He- 
rod. 1, 41: fut. γρηίσω, Herod. 7, 88. 

χροΐζω, for χρώζω, Eurip. Heracl. 915: fut. γχροΐξο- 
μαι, Theoc. 10, 18: aor. pass. ereenetre (out) 

- 3 Ebdteriuc 
yowota.(XPOQ), later χρώννυμι and χρωννύω, to 
color, pollute, stain, Eurip. Phoen. 1625: aor. 

. ξχρῶσα, Anthol. Planud. 138: perf. pass. xéyoa- 
σμαι, Eurip. Med. 497: aor. pass. ἐχρώσθην, 
Athen. 14,.17. 

χύνω, later for χέω. 

XT£2, see χέω. 

χώννυμι, see yoo. 


ὥνξεο 265 


-. 


ψάω, torub, wy, wav, Soph. Trach. 678; Arist. 
Eq. 909: imperf. éwaor, Eurip. Taur. 811: fut. 
woo, Arist. Lys. 1035: aor. éwyoa, Herod. 1, 
189. — Mid. ψάομαι reflexive, Arist. Eq. 910: 
fut. ψήσομαι, Arist. Pac. 1231: aor. ἐψησάμην, 
Arist. Eq. 572. 
ψηφίζομαι. (ψῆφος), to vote, decree ; also ψηφίζω 
later, commonly to calculate, compute, Anthol. 11, 
168. 171: fut. ψηφίσομαι, ψηφιοῦμαι, Lysias, 
414; Thuc. 7, 48: aor. ἐψήφισα, commonly 
ἐψηφισάμην, Soph. Aj. 449; Xen. Anab. 5, 1, 
: perf. ἐψήφικα, Xen. Anab. 5, 6, 353; com- 
monly ἐψήφισμαι actively or passively, Dem. 
427; Thuc. 6, 15: aor. pass. ἑψηφίσθην pas- 
sively, Isoc. 170: fut. ψηφισθήσομαι pen: 
Isoc. 135. Verbal ψηφιστέος, Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 9 


“2. 


ὠθέω (2082), to push, fut. ὠθήσω, commonly aca, 
Arist. Eccl. 300; Xen. Cyr. 6, 4, 18: aor. ἔωσα, 
Thuc. 2, 90; Epic and Ionic doa, Odys. 9, 488 ; 
Herod. 7, 167: perf. ξωκα, ἐξέωκα, Plutarch. 
Ρ. 48: pert. pass. éwouat, Ionic ὦσμαι, Xen. Cyr. 
7, 1, 36; Herod. 5, 69: aor. pass. ἐώσθην, Xen. 
Hel. 4, 3, 12. 


anew Fny, aor. pass. for ἀπεώσϑην, Hippocr. - πρώσας, 
aor. part. for προώσας, Anthol. 12, 206. 

We have already assumed ΕΩ Θ.Ώ, as the original theme 
of this verb. Compare English push, For the commuta- 
tion of Ε΄ (v, w) and 77, compare πάσσαλος, palus ( pazillus), 
vallus, English pole; πατήρ, pater, vitricus ; πείρω, veru; 


ea, pull. 
ὠνέομαι, to buy, impert. ἐωνεόμην and ὠνεόμην, 
Dem. 987 ; hg 263: fut. ὠνήσομαι, suas Plut. 


266 VEO 


140: perf. ἐώνημαι actively or passively, Dem. 
975. 406: aor. pass. ἐωνήθην passively, Xen. 
Mem. 2, 7, 12: aor. mid. ἐωνησάμην or ὠνησά- 
μην chiefly later, Hippocr.; Lucian. Dial. Mort. 
4; Boeckh. Inscript. 2840, 1; infin. ἐωνηθῆναι 
later, Diogen. Laért. 2, 66 (Aristipp.). — Instead 
of ἐωνησάμην; ‘classical. writers almost always 
use ἐπριάμην from UPLAM AL 

ὠνάσηται, aor, mid. subj. Doric for ὠγήσηται, Etymol. 


Magn. voc. πώ. 

Its original theme is probably Faveouwar. And since to 
buy and fo sell are correlative words, it is not absurd to sup- 
pose that Εωνεομαν is etymologically connected with the 
Latin veneo, venum, vendo. 'The same confusion is observed 


in avdaw, audio; aim, aio. 


ALPEN DLS, 


oF age 


ee 
~ 


ey 


δ 


ἢ a 


APPENDIX I. 


ANCIENT. INSCRIPTIONS. 


(From Boeckh’s Corpus Inscriptionum Grecarum.) 


i. 


(λ)ετοσ Hue Hoo απθιτοῦ ase εἰ 
(age)ootoy o eOexe και τε Bora και κ(αλλικ 
hea καὶ α)γασιθεα ϑυγατρεσ Hoo pido(t) 
Antovs vis, ὃς ἄφϑιτος αἰεὶ εἶ, 

᾿Αρίσστων σ᾽ ἔϑηκε καὶ te Βοία καὶ Καλλίκ- 

λεια καὶ ᾿4γασιϑέα, ὡς φίλοι. 


Line 1. ἀπϑιτοσ, for ἄφϑιτος, contrary to the common rule. 
— 2. ἀρισστον, with oo, for ἀριστον. 


2. 
“ELLY . «ss 00. O 
«νος οτρασσα 
ποταμὸν 
καὶ σθενελασ Ho υνασιο 
5 καὶ ἱπομεδον 
καὶ ϑαρὸν Ho ἀαργεσιλα 
και αδραστοσ 
και βορθαγορασ 
xa κλειτοσ Ho σιντονοσ 
10 χκαὲ ἀριστομαχοσ 
καὶ ν. τονδοσ 
23 * 


270 APPENDIX I. 


Ποτάμων 
καὶ Σϑενέλας ὃ ᾿ γνασίου 
ὅ καὶ Ἱππομέδων 
καὶ Θάρων ὃ Agxectho: 
καὶ ἤάδραστος 
καὶ Βορϑαγόρας 
καὶ Κλεῖτος ὁ Σίντωγος 
10 καὶ ᾿Φριστόμαχος 
Line 4. υνασιο, without the aspirate H.—5. ἐπομεδον, with 
one π, and without the aspirate. —6. Θάρων, for the common 
Θήρων. ----᾿ ἀρχεσίλα, from *Aoyeoilac, compounded of ἄρχω and 
λαός, equivalent to ᾿Αρχέλαος. — 8. ili bs supposed 9 be 
the same as “Ogdaydgas. 


παι διοσ exdiHoavro δε Και 10d ἀμεν ΠΗ͂εσ α- 
γαλμα 
σοι yao ἐπευ ΚΠομενοῦ τουτ etedecoe γρΩ ΠΗ͂ον 


παῖ Διὸς, ᾿Εκφάντῳ δέξαι τόδ᾽ ἀμεμφὲς ἄγαλμα. 
σοὶ γὰρ ἐπευχόμενος τοῦτ᾽ ἐτέλεσσε Τρόφων. 
In this inscription ΠῊ stands for ᾧ, ΚΙ for Z, and ΚΗ for 
X.— 1. ἀμεὲν ΠΗ͂εσ, for ἀμεμφεσ. 
4. 
ϑεοσ tuya σαοτιο did 
OTL OLXALVLAL τῶν FOL 
κιαν καὶ ταλλὰ παᾶντ 
a δαμιοργοσ magayog 
δ. a6 προξενοι μινκον 
αρμοξιδαμοσ ἀγαθαρ 
χοσ οναταῦ ἐπίκορ 
06 


Θεὸς, Tuya’ Σαῶτις did- 
wt Σικαινίᾳ τὰν oi- 


ANCIENT INSCRIPTIONS. 271 


κίὰν καὶ τἄλλα παντ-- 
_ @ “αμιωργὸς Παραγόρ- 
5 ag* πρόξενοι Miyxay,. 
Aguotkidapos, ᾿4γάϑαρ- 
| χος, Ογάτας, ᾿Επίκωρος. 
Line 1. Σαώτις, Saotis,a woman’s name. — δίδωτι, Doric for 
δίδωσι. ----ὦ. Σικαινίᾳ, to Sicenia, ἃ woman’s name. — 3. τἄλλα, 
by crasis, for τὰ ἄλλα. --- 4. δαμιωργός, Doric for δημιουργός, a 


chief magistrate. — 5. μινκον, for Miyxor. — 6. ERIS IY 
without the aspirate He 


8. 
Inscriptio Sigea. 

bid τὰ inscription (Ionic). 7 ἐξ Lower inscription (Attic). 
φανοδικο τ pavodixo sy to H 
EUL τορμοκ | ἑρμοχρατοῦ TO προχο 
ρατεοῦ TO ο ψεσίο KAYO κραάτερα 
προχοννῆ — καπίστατον καὶ ἤεθμ 

5 σιο χρητῇρ 5 ov & πρυτανειὸν x ὁ 
a δὲ καὶ ὑυποκ τς δοόκα prepa! σιγεν 
ρητηρίον κ |. εὕσι sav δὲ τι πασχ 
αι ηθμον Es π᾿ τ Ὁ μελεδαινεν (μ)ε ο 
ρυτανηίον OLYELED HOE lu E770 

10 edwxev ovxe 10. etcoev Παισοποσ xat 

EVOLY Ἠαδελφοι 
Φανοδίκου : Φανοδίκου εἰμὶ τοῦ 
sid τούρμοκ- Ἑρμοκράτους tov Προκχο-- 
ράτεος τοῦ | ᾿ς ψησίου. Kaya κρατῆρα 
Προκοννη-- κἀπίστατον καὶ ἦϑμ- 

5 σίου. Κρητὴρ- ᾿ & ov ἐς πρυτανεῖον ἔ- 
α δὲ καὶ ὕποκ- Saxo μνῆμα Σιγει- 
ρητήριον x= ° ever. ᾿Ἐὰν δέ τι πάσχ- 


αἱ ἡϑμὸν ἐς π- w, μελεδαίνειν με, ὦ 


272 APPENDIX 1. 


ρυτανήιον τ ΣιΙγειῆς. Καὶ μ᾽ ἐπό- 
10 ἔδωκεν Σύυκει- 10 εἰσεν Αἵσωπος καὶ 
εὕσιν. ‘ ἀδελφοί. 


Line 2. τοὐρμοκράτεος, by crasis, for τοῦ ἁ“Ἑρμοκράτεος. --- ITg0- 
κονησίου, in the Attic inscription, with one», for προκοννησίου. 
—3. χἀγώ, for καὶ ἐγώ. ---- 4. κἀπίστατον, for καὶ ἐπίστατον. 
Observe that éxivraroy in the Attic corresponds to ὑποκρητήριον 
in the Tonic inscription. — 5. xdoxa, a mistake for sdoxa. — 
6. σιγευευσι, a.mistake for ouyeevor. —9.. Σιγειῆς, voc. plur. for 
the common Siyeveic. — 10. συκξευσιν, another form for σιγεευ- 
ow. — Aiownog, With the aspirate. — ἀδελφοί, by crasis, for ot 
ἀδελφοί, 

In the Ionic inscription, the characters H and 2 correspond 
to ἡ and ὦ respectively. In the Attic, H is the same as the 
Latin or English ἢ. 


10. 
(t)o aruto Auto eu ἀνδριασ καὶ to σφελασ 
τοῦ αὑτοῦ λίϑου εἰμὶ ἀνδριὰς καὶ τὸ σφέλας. 
ταὐτοῦ λίϑου εἴμ᾽ ἀνδριὰς καὶ τὸ σφέλας. 

It is clear that this verse is an iambic trimeter acatalectic, 
and that crasis and elision are left to pronunciation ; thus, 
τοῦ αὐτοῦ is to be read ταὐτοῦ " εἰμὶ ἀνδριάς, εἴμ᾽ ἀνδριάς. (See 
below.) — The form ἁ Ευτο is ἃ prolongation of «Fro, from 


«Frog, the original form of αὐτός. Compare Ερεω (δέω), 
Fovgew (old orthography F OPEO). 


il. 
Inscriptio Elea. 


& Ἐρατρᾶ τοιρ FAAELOLG καὶ τοι EO 
FQOLOLG CUVYUAYLA κ EK EXUTOV FETEG 
aoyo. δὲ καὶ τοι αἱ δὲ τι δεοι αἰτε FEMOO ALTE F 
ἄργον ovveay x αλαλοιδ τὰ τ αλ και πὰ 
5 ρ πολεμο αἱ δὲ μα ovveay ταλαντον % 
αργυρο αποτινοιαν τοι δι ολυνπίιοι τοι κα 
δαλεμενὸι λατρειόμενον αἱ δὲ τιρ τὰ γ 
ραφεα ται καδάλεοιτο HITE τετασ LTE τ 


ANCIENT INSCRIPTIONS. 273 


ἐλεστα atte δαμοσ EVT EMLAQOL x EVEY 
10 oto τοινταὺυτ ἐγραᾶμενοι 

Ἢ ῥήτρα tots "Hisiow καὶ τοῖς Ἥρ- 

αιεῦσι " συμμαχία ἂν εἴη ἑκατὸν ἔτη, 

ἄρχοι δ᾽ ἂν τουτί. Et δέ τι δέοι εἴτε ἔπος εἶτε 

a Liab OUVELEY ἂν ἀλλήλοις, τὰ τε ἄλλα καὶ πε-- 

5 ot πολέμου" εἰ δὲ μὴ. συνεῖεν, τάλαντον ἂν 

ἀργύρου ἀποτίνοιεν τῷ Διὶ ᾿οΟλυμπΐῳ τῷ κατα- 
δεδηλημένῳ λατρευόμενον. Εἰ dé τίς τὰ γ-- 
ράμματα ταυτὶ καταδηλοῖτο, εἴτε ἕτης εἴτε τ- 
ἐλεστής εἴτε δῆμός ἐστι, ἐφιερείῳ ἂν ἐνέχ-- 

10 oto τῷ ἐνταῦϑα γεγραμμένῳ. 

Line 1. ἐρβαοιοσ, dat. plur. from ἐρΒάθιοσ, Eolic for Ἥρα- 
ειος, and that for the common “Ἡραιεύς, derived from “Houde, 
Herea, a city of Arcadia. — 2. συνμαχια, for συμμαχία. --- 8. τοὺ 
seems to be the demonstrative τό strengthened by ὦ, after the 
analogy of τουτί, τοδί, (for τουτοΐ, τοδεί.) Boeckh accents tot. 
See ται, below. — 4. αἀλαλοισ, for ἀλλάλοις; that is, ἀλλήλοις. ---- 
od, for ἀλλ᾽, ἄλλα. -το παρ, for περ᾽, περί. Compare Fagyov for 
ἔργον. ---- 6. δὲ, for Ai, contracted. — ολυνπιοι, for ᾿οΟλυμπίῳ. ---- 
καδαλεμενοι, for καδδαλημένῳ, κατα-δεδηλημένω, passively, from 
καταδηλέομαι. For the omission of the reduplication compare 
γόημαι, ποίημαι, Adolic, for γενόημαι, πεποίημαι, in the Etymo- 
logicum Magnum. sates γραφεα, implying nom. sing. γράφος: 
from γράφω, after the analogy of πρᾶγος from πράσσω (πΡ4- 
T2).—8. to, to be divided ταὔ, the plural of τοί (line 3), 
like ταυτέ (for ταυταῦ) for τοῦτο. ---- καδηλέοιτο, for καδδηλέοιτο, 


καταδηλέοιτο. ---- teheota, οἷά for τελεστής. ---- 9. evt, for evr’, ἐντὶ 
(ἐστέ). --το ἐπιαροι, that is, ἐπιάρῳ, connected with ἐφιερείῳ, in 
Hesychius. —10. τοινταυτ, that is, τῷ ᾿»ταῦτ᾽, τῷ ἐνταῦτα. 


Here τῷ does not drop 1.—10. ἐγράμενοι, » for ἐγραμμενοι, 
ἐγραμμένῳ, and that fer γεγραμμένῳ. Compare ἐβλάστηκα, 
ἔγλυμμαι, ἐγλώττισμαι, ἢ ἔγραπται (Oppian. Cyneg. 3, 472), ἐκλήι- 
σμαι, ἐμνημόνευκα, ἔτροφα, ἐπαλλιλόγητο (Herod. 1, 118), ἐμηχά- 
γωτο (Hippocr. de Art. § 22). 

In this inscription, the aspirate 77 is not used ; thus a, e9Fa- 
οἰοισ, exator, for Ha, HegF ao.o1e, Hexatoy. 


13. 


Hiagos χαροπνοσ Hiag(oe) 
αρισστοδαμοσ 


274 APPENDIX 1. 
ἱαρὸς Xagonivos, iagos 

> ‘ 

Agiootodamos. 


Line 1. Hiagos, for ἱερός. --τ- χαροπνοσ, a mistake for yago- 
muvoc. — Ὁ, αρισστοδαμοσ, with oO. 


16. 
Hiagoy o δεινομενεοσ 
και TOL συρακοσιοι 
τοι δι τυραν απο κυμασ 
άρων ὃ Aswopéveos 


καὶ τοὶ Συρακόσιοι 
τῷ Δὲ Τυῤῥάν᾽ ἀπὸ Κύμας. 


Line 1. Πιαρον, for Ἱέρων. --- ο, without the aspirate j Hl. — 
— 3. δι, contracted from 4i.— τυραν, for Τυῤῥήν᾽, that is, 
Τυῤῥηνά, SC. σκῦλα. 


ΦΦ. 


ἀρχένεοσ το εστεσεν 

ἑστεσ ἐνγυσ Ho 

dot αγαϑο και... .-. 

᾿ἀρχένεως τόδ᾽ ἔστησεν 

ἔστησ᾽ ἐγγὺς ὁ- + 

δῷ ἀγαϑοῦ καὶ... 

Line 3. evyvo, for ἐγγύς. ---- οδοι, 669, depending upon 
ἐγγύς" near the road. — 
25. 

.... lodadooomosa.... 
βοιοτιοσ eyo ἐρχομίενο) — 
νυπατοδοροῦσ αρισστογ(ειτον) 
ἑποεσαταν ϑεβαιο 
«+. 0 todaioc ὃ Holn.... 
Βοιώτιος ἐξ ᾿Ερχομενοῦ " 
“γπατόδωρος ‘Aguootoyeitay 
ἐποησάταν, Θηβαίω. 


ANCIENT INSCRIPTIONS. 275 


Line 2. eyo, for the common 2.—3. vaatodogos, without 
the aspirate H.— αρισστογειτον, with oo. — 4. ἐποησάταν, aor. 
3 dual, Doric, for the common ἐποησάτην. 


29. 
tTaoy(ElF ol avetey toe διεΕὶ τον αορινϑοϑεν 


3 ~ 4 ~ A 
τἀργεῖοι ἄνεϑεν τῷ Ait τῶν Κορινϑόϑεν. 
? ~ οὐδέν, » 
οἵ Agysior ἀνέϑεσαν τῷ Ai τῶν Κορινϑόϑεν. 


Here ragye:Fou stands for τοὶ ᾿Δργεῖοι. It is not certain that 
Tooy ...0t WAS ταργειθοι, With the digamma. Still we may 
safely suppose that the original form of “4gysiog was AgyerF os, 
hence the Latin Argivi. — aveder, 2 aor. 3 plur. for ἀνέϑεσαν. 
— 6iFi, the dative of gre. The original form of Ζεύς was 
S4JEFsS. By dropping x, and changing 8 into 1, we obtain 
AIFS, hence 4: Fy, in this inscription ; this nominative modi- 
fied becomes ΔΊΣ, hence Διός, Ait, Mia * also Latin Dies-piter, 
Dis, divus, deus, dium. By dropping 4, we have Si0c, Θεός. 
Further modifications, Ζήν, Ju-piter, Jovis. The root of the 
oblique cases of Jupiter is Jov, which in Greek letters would 
be 70", strikingly resembling the Hebrew 4459. 


30. 
ἕενος ολυνπιο 
Ζηνὸς ᾿Ολυμπίου. 
31. : 
QOLOG μὰ ποεσε.. .. 
Κοῖός μὲ πόησε..... . 
37. 
deEetat tov Πορᾳον 


δέξεται τὸν ὅρκον. 


39. 
(ερ)μησιαναξ nyu 
ἑασ ἀνεϑηκεν 
2 + + ἅμα CML TAT 
ολλωνι 


276 APPENDIX 1. 


ε ι 
Lounovaves ἣμ- 
’ > 4 
gag ἀνέϑηκεν 
ο , 3 
.«αμαὰ Σώῳ τωπ- 
ὄλλωνι. 


Line 8, τωπολλωνι, by crasis for τῷ ᾿᾿ἀπόλλωνι. It is in 
the Ionic dialect. The character z here is not a breathing ; 
the character 2 stands for O long. 


» ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS. 
’ | 76. 
(About B. C. 416.) 


(εδ)οχσεν te Poder καὶ toe deuor κεχροπισ 
ἐπρυτανεῦυε μνεσιϑεοσσ ε 

(γ)ραμματευε ευὐπειϑεσ ἑπεστατε καλλιασ εἰπε 
ἀποδοναι τοισ ϑεοισ 

(τ)α χρέματα τὰ οφελομενὰ επειδὲ TEL ABE 
ναίαι τα τρισχιλιὰ ταλαντ(α) 

ἀνενενέγχτοαι εὐ πολιν Ha εφσεφιστο vout 
ouatoe ἤεμεδ(α)πο ἀποδι(ὃὴ) 

5 (0)vat δὲ ἀπὸ tov yosuatov a ε΄ αποδοσιν 

ἐστιν ToLo θεοισ εφσεφισμᾷ(ε) 

να τὰ TE παρᾶ τοισ ελλενοταμίιαισ οντὰ νυν 
καὶ ταλλα & ἔστι τουτον (τ) 

ον χρεματον καὶ τὰ εχ τὲσ δεκατεσ ἐπειδὰν 
πραθει λογισασθον δὲ H(o) 

(ει λ)ογισται Hoo τριακοντὰ Ποινερνυν τα 
οφελομενα τοισ θεοισ ἀκρ(ι) 

a συναγογεσ δ(ε) tod λογιστον ε βολε avtoxea 
tog ἕστο ἀποδοντον (δε T) 

10 α χρέματα Hot πρυτανεσ μετα τεσ βολεσ και 

ἐχσαλειφοντον ἑπει(δανὶ) 


15 


20 


25 


‘ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS. 277 


αποδοσὶν ζετεσαντεσ τὰ TE πινάκια καὶ τὰ γραμ 
ματεια καὶ εαμ πίο aX) 

hot εἰ γεγραμμενα anopavovtoy δὲ ta γε 
γραμμενα Hot te Ἠιερ(εισ x) 

at Hot Ηιεροποιοι και εἰ tio ἀλλοῦ οιδὲν τα 
μιασ δὲ ἀποκυαμευείιν το) 

vtov tov χρεματον ἤοταμ περ ταῦ αλλασ αρ 
yao καθαπερ too τον He 

H tov tee αθεναιασ Hovrow δὲ taptevovtoy eu 
πολει ev τοι o7ttcO(ode) . | 

wot ta tov θεὸν yosuata Hooa dvvatoy και 
OGLOY καὶ συνανοιγον 

τον καὶ συγκλείιοντον tac θυρασ το ᾿οπισθοδομο 
καὶ συσεμαίνεσθο 

ν τοισ τον τεῦ αθεναιασ Tamas παρὰ δὲ τον 
γυν ταμιον καὶ τον L ἐπισ 

τατον xat τὸν Πιεροποίον τὸν εν τοισ Huego 
mow Hot νυν διαχεριζο(σι) 

ν απαριθμέεσασθον καὶ ἀποσθεσασθον ta γρε 
ματα ἐνάντιον τεσ Bod(e) - | 

σ΄ (ε)μ mods καὶ παραδεχσασθον How ταμιαι 
Hot hayovtes naga τον νυ(ν) 

ἄρχοντον καὶ ἐν OTEAEL ἀναγραφσαντον δι(κ)αια 
παντὰ HOF εἑκαστον τε 

τον θεὸν ta γρέματα Ποποσαὰ εὔτιν EXGOTOL και 
συμπαντον χεφαλαιο | 

ν χορισ TO TE ἀργυριον καὶ TO χρυσίον καὶ TO 
λοίπον ἀναγραφοντον H 

οἱ αἰεί ταμίαι EG στελὲν καὶ λογον διδοντον τον 


TE OVTOV YOEUATOV 
24 


278 APPENDIX I, 


«καὶ TOV προσίοντον TOLG ϑεοισ καὶ EGY TL α(ν) 
αναλισκεται κατα TOV ε 
γιαυτον προσ τοῦ λογιστασ καὶ ευθυνοασ διδον 
τον και ἐκ παναθεναι. | 
(ο)ν 26 mavabsevace tod Aoyoy didovtoy xaba 
περ Hot ta τεσ abevarac t(a) 
(utjevovtec tac δὲ στελασ ἐν ato ἀαναγραφσοσι 
ο τὰ χρέματα ta ἤΠιερ(α τι) 
30 (ϑεν)τον ἐμ mode Hor tame ἐπειδὰν δὲ ano 
δεδομένα, εἰ τοισ θεοῖσ (τα) 
(χρ)εματα EG TO VEOQLOY καὶ TH TELYE τοι πε 
ρίοσι χρεσθαι yoeuao(Ly). 


“Ἔδοξεν᾽ τῇ δουλῇ καὶ τῷ δήμῳ᾽ seh ele ἐπρυτάνευε, Myrn- 


σίϑεος é- 

YOO MMUTEVE, Εὐπείϑης ἐπεστάτει, Καλλίας εἶπε * ἀποδοῦναι 
τοὶς ϑ εοῖς 

τὰ χρήματα τὰ ὀφειλόμενα, éneidi τῇ ᾿᾿Ιϑηναίᾳ τὰ τρισχίλια 
τάλαντα 


ἀνεγήνεγκται ἐς πόλιν ἃ ἐψήφιστο γμισμᾶτος ἡμεδαποῦ" 
ἀποδιὃ- ι 

5 ὄναι δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν χρημάτων ἃ ἐς anddouiy ἐστιν τοῖς ϑεοῖς 
| a 


γα, τά τε παρὰ τοὶς “Βλληνοταμίαις ὃ ὄντα νῦν καὶ τἄλλα ἃ ἐστι 
τούτων τ-- 


ὧν χρημάτων, καὶ τὰ ἐκ τῆς ΗΝ, ἐπειδὰν πραϑῇ " λογισά- 
σϑων δὲ ὅ- 

ὕ λογισταὶ Hos τριάκοντα Houregyuy τὰ ὀφειλόμενα τοὶς 
ϑ εοῖς " ἄχρι- 

ῷ συναγωγῆς δὲ τῶν λογιστῶν ἢ ἡ βουλὴ αὐτοκράτωρ ἔστω * ἀπο- 
δόντων δὲ τ- 

10 & χρήματα οἵ πρυτάνεις μετὰ τῆς βουλῆς καὶ ἐξαλειφόντων 

, ἐπειδὰν 


ἀποδῶσιν ζητήσαντες τά TE πινάκια καὶ τὰ χρομματεῖᾳ καὶ ἐᾶν 
που ἂλ- 


15 


20 


25 


30 


ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS, . 279 


Ss ᾿ > ’ ‘ ᾿ γ ε΄ 
λοϑι ἢ γεγραμμένα " ἀποφαινοντῶν δὲ τὰ γεγραμμένα οἵ τε 
ἱερεῖς κ-- 
ΩΣ > . ’ . 3. “EP 
at οἱ ἱεροποιοὲ καὶ si τις ἄλλος οἶδεν " ταμίας δὲ anoxvapevely 
το-- , 
ὕτων τῶν χρημάτων ὅταν περ τὰς ἄλλας ἀρχὰς καϑάπερ τοὺς 
τον Hi 
Η τον τῆς ᾿Αϑηναίας" οὗτοι δὲ ταμιευόντων ἐν ἊΝ ἐν τῷ 
ὀπισϑοδό- ; 
μῳ τὰ τῶν ϑεὼν χρήματα ὅσα α δυνατὸν καὶ ὅσιον, καὶ συνανοι--: 
yor- 
, e , ted , a 
τῶν καὶ συγκλειόντων Tas ϑύρας τοῦ ὁπισϑοδομου καὶ συση- 
μαινέσϑω- 
~ - -ω 23 ’ ἋΣ Σ ᾿ ‘4 ~ “ ~ 
ν τοῖς τῶν τῆς APnvaias ταμίαις " παρὰ δὲ τῶν γὺν ταμιῶν 
καὶ τῶν ἐπισ-- 2 
τατῶν καὶ τῶν ἱεροποιὼν τῶν ἐν τοῖς Hisgomors οἵ νῦν δια- 
͵ 
χειρίζουσι-- : 
y ἀπαριϑμησάσϑων καὶ ἀποστησάσϑων τὰ χρήματα ἐναντίον 
τῆς βουλῆ- 
ς ἐν πόλει, καὶ παραδεξάσϑων οἵ ταμίαι οἵ λαχόντες παρὰ τὼν 
γῦν 
3 , 2 , 3 , ᾿ , 3 
ἀρχόντων, καὶ ἐν στήλῃ ἀναγραψάντων δίκαια πάντα, καϑ 
ἕκαστόν TE 
- - 4. ΄ δ΄ Ὁ ae ἣν Νὰ ἔν , 
τῶν ϑεὼν τὰ χρήματα ὁπόσα ἐστὶν ἑἕκαστῳ καὶ συμπάντων 
χεφάλαιο- 
γ, χωρὶς τό Ts ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον " καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἃ ἀναγρα- 
φόντων 
Ob αἰεὶ τα μαι ἐς στήλην, καὶ λόγον διδόντων τῶν τε ὄντων 
χρημάτων 
καὶ τῶν προσιόντων τοῖς ϑεοῖς, καὶ ἐάν τι ἀναλίσκηται κατὰ 
τὸν ἐ- 
1 > td ’ 
γιαυτὸν, πρὸς τοὺς λογιστὰς, καὶ εὐθύνας διδόντων, καὶ ἐκ 
Παναϑηναΐί-- 
«- 
wy ἐς Παναϑήναια τὸν λόγον διδόντων, καϑάπερ οἵ τὰ τῆς 
᾿4ϑηναίας τα- 
μιδύοντες ἃ τὰς δὲ στήλας ἐν αἷς ἀναγράψουσι τὰ χρήματα τὰ 
ἱερὰ τι-- 
3 “ ~» 
ϑέντων ἐν πόλει οἵ ταμίαι " ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἀποδεδομένα ἢ tors 
ϑεοὶς τὰ 


90 APPENDIX 1. 


4 x ~ ~ o 
χρήματα, ἐς τὸ νεώριον καὶ τὰ τείχη τοῖς περιοῦσι χρῆσϑαι 


χρήμασιν. 

Line 1. ἔδοξεν before a consonant. — μγεσιϑεοσσ, ἃ mistake 
for μνεσιϑεοσ. ---- 4. ἀνενήνεγκται, for the common ἀνεγήνεκται. 
— 5, 6. «, without the aspirate, for Ha. — ελλενοταμιαισ, with- 
out the aspirate. —8. ἀκρισ, a mistake for ἀχρισ. --- 9. 8, for 
He, that is, 7.— 17. συσεμαινεσϑον, for συσσεμαινεσϑον, com- 
pounded of σύν and onucivw. —20. ἀποσϑεσθϑασϑον, a mistake 


‘Bast 


for ἀποστεσασϑον. ---- 22. καϑ exaotoy, for the modern xa® ἕκα- 
στον. ---- 23. sxaotot, Without the aspirate, for Hexactor.— 29. 


ato, for Hoo. 


147. 
| (About B. 6. 408.) 
᾿αθεναιοι ἀνελοσαν ext γλαυκιππον agyortos 
καὶ emt τεῦ βολεσ εἰ xheyeveo Ἠαλαιευσ 
προ(τοσὶ 

ἐγραμματευε ταμιαι Hisgoy χρέματον τεῦ αθε 
ναιασ καλλιστρατοῦσ μαραθονιοσ καὶ YoU 
ναρχο(ν) 

τεῦ παρέδοσαν εκ τον EMETELOVY φσεφισαμενο 
to δεμο ἐπὶ τεῦ aLavtLdOG προτεσ πρυτὰ 
γευοσεσ Πε(λλ 

ε)νοταμιαισ παρεδοθε καλλιμαχοι Ἡαγνοσιοι 
πρασιτελιδει ἰκαριει Πιπποισ σιτοσ εδοθε 
αθεναιασ πολᾷ(ια) 

ὅ dog.... Vixee.... ἐπὶ τεσ αἰγειδοσ δευτερασ 
πρυτανευοσεσ αθλοθεταισ παρεδ(ο) 

Fe eo nmavabevara ta μεγαλο, φιλονι xvda 
θεναιει καὶ συναρχοσιν abevatac πολιαδος 
οὐτνν, Ηιεροποιοισ κατ (ε) 

γιαυτον διυλλοι ἤερχιει καὶ συναργοσιν eo tev 
ἑχατομβεν .... ἐπὶ τεσ οἰνειδοσ τριτεσ EV 
ταν(ε) 

νοσεό Πελλενοταμιαισ παρεδοθε περικλει yo 


τ». 


10 


15 


BRAR 
oe THE 


UNIVc: SITY : 
SORIPTIONA) ἡ 281 


ATTIC 


λαργει καὶ συνάρχοσιν Ἠιπποισ σιτοσ do 
θὲ τούς 

etegov toro αὐτοισ Ἠελλενοταμιαισ Ἠιπποισ 
σιτοῦ εδοθε. ... ἕτερον tore avtowe Hedie 
νοταμια(ισὶ) 

Heouove εδοθε ἀρχγοντί εὐ πυλον .... ἕτερον 
τοισ αὑτοισ ελλενοταμιαισ eo tev διοβελιαν 
oe 0 + ἐπι τεῦ AX : 

αμαντιδοσ tetaptes πρυτανευοσεσ HeddAsvora. 
pate παρεδοθε περίκλει χολαργει καὶ ov 
ναρχοσιν a(t) 

too Ἠιπποισ εδοθε .... ἑτέρον τοισ αὕὔτοισ 
Πελλενοταμιαισ eo tev διοβελίαν εδοθε .... 
emt τ(ε) 

σ κεχροπιδοῦ πεμπτεῦ πρυτανευοσεσ Ἡελλενο 
ταμιαισ παρεδοθε περίκλει χολαργειὶ καὶ OV 
ναρχοσὶν ε(σὶ) 

tev διοβελιαν. .... ἐπὶ τεῦ λεοντιδοσ Hextes 
πρυτανευοσεσ TOLTEL ἐμεραι TEC πρυτανειασ 

ελλενοταμιαισ παρεδοθε διονυσιοι κυδαθεναίει 
καὶ συναρχοσιν .... EVATEL τεσ πρυτανε(ι). 

ao Ἠελλενοταμιαισ ϑρασονι βουταδει καὶ συν 
αργοσιν..... Hevdexater τεσ πρυτανειασ He 
λλενοταμιαισ παρεδοθε προχσένοι ἀφιδναιοι και 
σνναάρχοσιν στρατεγοι EYG εἐρετριασ εὐυκλειδει 
avouohoy 

EU... . TOLTEL καὶ DEXUTEL τεσ πρυτανειαὰσ 
Ἠελλενοταμιὰισ περίκλει γολαργεῖ καὶ ov 
γαργοσιν 


Los ογδόει καὶ εἰκοστει ted πρυτανειασ Head 
245 4 


282 APPENDIX 1. 


EVOTOMLALG σπουδιας φλυει καὶ συναρχο 
δεν. ὁ 40 | 

20 .... TolaxodTEL τεῦ πρυτανειασ TH EY Gamo α 
vowohoyebe Πελλενοταμιαι ἀναιτιοι σφεττιοι 
και παρεδροι (π) 

ολυαρατοι YOAMOYEL .... ἔπι τεσ αἀντιοχιδος ε 
βδομες πρυτανευοσεσ πεμπτει τεσ πρυτανεια 
σ παρεδ(ο) 

Ds διονυσιοι κυδαθεναιει καὶ συναρχοσιν EO TEV 
διοβελιαν .... εβδομει τεσ πρυτανειασ He 
λλενοταμιαιό ϑρ(α) 

Govt βουταδὲι καὶ συναρχοσιν εὖ tev διοβελιαν 
εὐ νι. TE αὐτει ἐμεραι Ἠελλενοταμιαισ pad 
ανθοι (a). 

λοπέκεθεν και συναρχοσιν σιτον Ἠιπποιό .... 
Hexter καὶ δέκατει τεσ πρυτανειασ Hedievo 
ταμιαισ προ(χσε) 

25 vow ἀφιδναιοι καὶ συναρχοσιν .... τεταρτεῖ x 
αἱ εξικοστει Ted πρυτανειασ Πελλενοταμιαισ 
evmod(tde a) 

᾿φιδναιοι καὶ συναρχοσιν .... εβδομει καὶ ELxo 
στει τεῦ πρυτανειασ Ἠελλενοταμιαισ καλλι 
αἱ evovup(el x) 

αι cvvapyoow .... ent tec Ἠιπποθοοντιδοσ 
ογδοεσ MEVTAVEVOGED DODEXATEL τεσ MOVTAVE 
tac Ἠελ(λενο) 

Talos παρεδοθε προχσενοι ἀφιδναίοι καὶ συν 
ἀρχοσιν.... TETHOTEL καὶ εἰκοστει TEG πρυ(τα) 

γειασ Ἠελλενοταμιαιό εδοθε διονυσιοι κυδαθεν 
aver καὶ συναρχοσιν.. . «. Hexter καὶ tora 
οσί(τει) 


ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS. 2983 


30 τεσ πρυτανειασ Ἠελλενοταμίιαισ εδοθε Foacovr 
βουταδει καὶ συναρχοσιν .... ἐπὶ τεσ EQEY 
θειδ(οσὶ) 

ἑνατεσ πρυτανευοσὲσ δοδεκατει TED πρυτανειὰσ 
Πελλενοταμιαισ εδοθε προχσενοι ἀαφιδναιοι x 
αι συναρχοσιν .... & 

ees τρίτει καὶ εἰκοστει TES πρυτανειασ᾽ ἤελλε 
νοταμιαισ εδοθε διονυσιοι κυδαθεναίει καὶ σ 
υναρχοσὶν .... ᾿ 

ον ον Hexter καὶ τριακοστεῖ τεσ πρυτανειασ Η 
ελλενοταμιαισ εδοθε θρασονι βουταδει και 
σ(υν ‘ 

ἀρχοσιὴν ... + EXTEL και. τριακοστει τεῦ πρυτὰ 
γειασ TH EY CAMO ανομολογεσα(το) .... LL 
ecm : 

35 .... (σ)τρατεγοισ᾽ εὐ σαμοὶ δεχσικρᾶτει aythe 
EL +5. 2,2 ὐαῤξίφοντε φρεαῤρίοι » -.  ἄῤιστοκ 
Qa(TEL) . 2. 

wees EVOVUMEL «2... νίκερατοι XVIAYTLOEL τριερ 
AOYOL.... AQLOTOPAVEL AVA... .QAQ.... 

wees ἐπὶ TEC πανδιονιδὸσ δεκατεσ πρυτανευοσε 
O EvVOEXATEL τεσ πρυτανειασ ελλενο(ταμιαισ 
εδοθε) προ(χοα. 

EVOL ἀαφιδναίοι) καὶ συναρχοσιν ... .. τριτεῖ κα 
αι εἰκοστει τεῦ πρυτανειασ Ἠελλεν(οταμίαι 
es | 

see καὶ συναρχοσιν .... EXTEL και τριακοστ 
εἰ τεσ πρυτανειασ Πελ(λενοταμιαισ . . .. 

40 .... καὶ συναρχ)οσιν .... κεφαλαίον agyv 
ριο συμπᾶν .... 


284 APPENDIX I. 


3 -" 3 ” ~ 
Adnvoior ἀνήλωσαν ἐπὶ Γλαυκίππου ἄρχοντος καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς Bov- 


λῆς ἡ Κλειγένης “Ahousig πρῶτος 

ἐγραμμάτευε, ταμίαν ἱερῶν χρημάτων τῆς ᾿Αϑηναίας Καλλίστρα- 
τος Παραϑώνιος καὶ ξυνάρχον-- : 

τες παρέδοσαν ἐκ τῶν ἐπετείων, ψηφισαμένου τοῦ δήμου. “Ent 
τῆς Αἰαντίδος πρώτης πρυτανευούσης (Ελλ-- : 

ηνοταμΐαις παρεδόϑη Καλλιμάχῳ “Ayvovoim, Πρασιτελείδῃ Ἶκα- 
ριεῖ, ἵπποις οἴτος ἐδόϑη, ᾿4ϑηναίας Πολιά- 

δος .... Νίκης . .«... Ἐπὶ τῆς Αἰγηΐδος δευτέρας πρυτανευού- 
σης ᾿4ϑλοϑέταις παρεδό-- 


Oy ἐς Παναϑήναια τὰ μεγάλα Φίλωνι Κυδαϑηναιεῖ καὶ συνάρ- 


χουσιν, ᾿4ϑηναίας Πολιάδος «++. ἱεροποιοῖς κατ᾽ ἐ- 
γιαυτὸν Ahi “Exist καὶ συνάρχουσιν ἐς τὴν ἑκατόμβην ...- 
"Ent τῆς Oivnidos τρίτης πρυτανε- 


᾿ ψούσης “Ἑλληνοταμίαις παρεδόϑη, Περικλεῖ men Αῳ καὶ συνάρ- 


10 


χουσιν, eee σἴτος ἐδύϑη woe 


Ἕτερον τοῖς αὐτοῖς “Ἑλληνοταμίαις, ἵπποις σῖτος ἐδόϑη . ... 


Ἕτερον τοὶς αὐτοῖς “Ελληνοταμίαις, 


Ἕρμωνι ἐδόϑη ἄρχοντι ἐς Πύλον .«.. Ἕτερον τοῖς αὐτοῖς Ἕλλη- 


γοταμίαις ἐς τὴν διωβελίαν . «. . Ἐπὶ τῆς ‘Ax- 

αμαντίδος τετάρτης πρυτανευούσης ᾿Ἑλληνοταμίαις παρεδόϑη, 
Περικλεῖ Χολαργεῖ καὶ συνάρχουσιν, ot- 

τος ἵπποις ἐδόϑη +... Ἕτερον τοῖς αὐτοῖς “Ἑλληνοταμίαις ἐς 
τὴν διωβελίαν ἐδόϑη - «.« « Ent τῆ- 


ος Kexgonidog πέμπτης πρυτανευούσης, “Ελληνοταμίαις παρεδό- 


15 


In, Περικλεῖ Χολαργεῖ καὶ συνάρχουσιν ἐς 
τὴν διωβελίαν .... Ent τῆς Asovtidog ἕκτης πρυτανευούσης, 
τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τῆς πρυτανείας, 


«Ἑλληνοταμίαις παρεδόϑη, Διονυσίῳ Κυδαϑηναιεῖ καὶ συνάρχου-- 


OW «.... Evarn τῆς πρυτανεί-- 

ας Ἑλληνοταμίαις Θράσωνι Βουτάδῃ καὶ συνάρχουσιν ...+ Ἕν- 
δεκάτῃ τῆς πρυτανείας Ἕ- ᾿ 

λληνοταμίαις παρεδόϑῆ, προξένῳ ᾿Αφιδναίῳ καὶ συνάρχουσιν, 
στρατηγῷ ἐξ '᾿Ἐρετρίας Εὐκλείδῃ ἀνομολόγ- 

nua .... Toitn καὶ δεκάτῃ τῆς πρυτανείας ᾿Ἑλληνοταμίαις 
Περικλεῖ Χολαργεῖ καὶ συνάρχουσιν «oe. 

oe Ὀγδόῃ καὶ εἰκοστῇ τῆς πρυτανείας “Ελληνοταμίαις Σπου- 
Sig Φλυεῖ καὶ συνάρχουσιν «ses 


20 


30 


ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS. 285 


Τριακοστῇ τῆς πρυτανείας τὰ ἐκ Σάμου ἀνωμολογήϑη Ἕλληνο-- 
ταμίᾳ ‘Avoutio Σφηττίῳ καὶ παρέδρῳ Π- 

ολυαράτῳ Χολαρχγεῖ. Eni τῆς ᾿Αντιοχίδος ἑβδόμης πρυτανευού- 
σης; πέμπτῃ τῆς πρυτανείας, πάρεδό- 

ϑὴ Διονυσίῳ Κυδφαϑηνᾳιεῖ καὶ συνάρχουσιν ἐς τὴν Simfellar 
wee Ἑβδόμῃ τῆς mquniveiog Ἑλληνοταμίαις Θρά- 

owve Βουτάδῃ καὶ συνάρχουσιν ἐς τὴν eens” sees Τῇ αὐτῇ 
ἡμέρᾳ ἰληνοϊαμδαὶς Φαλάνθϑῳ *A- 

λωπεχῆϑεν καὶ συνάρχουσιν, σἴτον ἵπποις . «...« Extn καὶ δεκά- 
τῇ τῆς πρυτανείας Ἑλληνοταμίαις Προξέ-- 

vo ᾿Αφιδναίῳ καὶ συνάρχουσιν . «.... Τετάρτῃ καὶ suds τῆς 
πρυτανείας “Ἑλληνοταμίαις Εὐπόλιδι ᾽4- 

φιδναίῳ καὶ συνάρχουσιν . «... Ἑβδόμῃ καὶ εἰκοστὴ τῆς πρυτα- 
γείας “Ελληνοταμίαις Καλλίᾳ Εὐωνυμεῖ κ 

αἱ συνάρχουσιν soos Em τῆς ἹἹπποϑοοντίδος ὀγδόης πρυτανευ-- 
οὔσης, δωδεκάτῃ τῆς πρυτανείας, Ἕλληνο--: 

ταμίαις παρεδόϑη Προξένῳ ᾿Αφιδγαίῳ καὶ συνάρχουσιν +++ 
Τετάρτῃ καὶ εἰκοστῇ τῆς πρυτα-- 

γείας “Ελληνοταμίαις ἐδόϑη Διονυσίῳ Κυδαϑηναιεῖ καὶ συνάρ-- 
χουσιν .... “Extn καὶ τριακοστῇ 

τῆς πρυτανείας Ἑλληνοταμίαις ἐδόϑη Sodas Βουτάδῃ καὶ 
συνάρχουσιν - «.«.. Ἐπὶ τῆς ᾿Ἐρεχϑηΐδος 

ἐνάτης πρυτανευούσης, δωδεκάτῃ τῆς πρυτανείας, “Ἑλληνοταμίαις 
ἐδόϑη Προξένῳ ᾿Αἀφιδναίῳ καὶ συνάρχουσιν - .. . 

sees Τρίτῃ καὶ εἰκοστῇ τῆς πρυτανείας “Ελληνοταμίαις ἐδόϑη 
Διονυσίῳ Κυδαϑηναιεῖ καὶ συνάῤχουσιν «++ 

eee Extn καὶ τριακοστῇ τῆς πρυτανείας “Ἑλληνοταμίαις ἐδόϑη 
Θράσωνι Βουτάδῃ καὶ συν»- 

ἄρχουσιν “9.6. “Extn καὶ τριακοστῇ τῆς πρυτανείας τὰ ἐκ Σά- 
μου ἀνωμολογήσατο «e+e μα vee ; 

sees στρατηγοῖς ἐν Σάμῳ, Διεξικράτει ᾿Δγιλιεῖ .... Πασιφῶντι 
Φρεαῤῥίῳ «+++ ᾿ΔΑριστοκράτει vos 

sees Εὐωνυμεῖ ..... γικηράτῳ Κυδαντίδῃ τριηράρχῳ +++ 
᾿Αριστοφάνει Ave vee ραρ..«.. 

sees Ἐπὶ τῆς Πανδιονίδος δεκάτης πρυτανευούσης; ἑνδεκάτῃ τῆς ° 
πρυτανείας, “᾿᾿Ελληνοταμίαις ἐδόϑη Προξ- 

évp ᾿Αφιδναίῳ καὶ συνάρχουσιν . ..«.« Τρίτῃ καὶ εἰκοστῇ τῆς 
πρυτανείας, “Ἑλληνοταμίαις τως κα 


286 APPENDIX 1. 


eee καὶ συνάρχουσιν «64+ Buty καὶ τριακοστῇ τῆς πρυτανείας 
Lr an} ’ 
Ἑλληνοταμίαις esse - “ 
ὃ , 3 , 
40 .... καὶ συνάρχουσιν .... Κεφάλαιον ἀργυρίου σύμπαν .... 


Line 9, &c. ετερον, for Hetegov. —14, 23. ἐμεραι, without 
the aspirate, for Πεμεραι. --- 20, 34. sy σαμο, NO doubt pro- 
‘nounced as one word, syoouo, for ἐκ Σάμου. ---- 26. εβδομει, 
without the aspirate. — 34, 39. exre, for Hexter.— 35. 80 σα- 
μοι, for ἐν Σάμῳ. ---- 37. seieceie. for Hevdexater 


158 (A). 


ταδὲ ἐπραξαν augixtvoved αϑηναιῶν amo xad 
AEO ἀρχοντοῦ MEXO 

ιτὸ ϑαργηλιωνοσ pyvoc to Ext ἱπποδαμαντοσ 
ἀρχοντοῦ αϑηνησι 

ἐν δηλῶι δὲ ano επιγενοῦ αρχοντοσ μέχρι το 
ϑαργηλιωνοῦ μηνοῦσ 

TO ἐπι ἱππιο ἀρχοντοσ γρονον οσον ἑκαστοῦ ἂν 
τῶν ἤρχεν oto διο 

ὅ δωροσ ολυμπιοδωρο σκαμβῶνιδησ ἐγραμματευεν 

απο χαρισανδρ 

0 ἀρχοντοῦ ιδιωτησ ϑεογενοσ ἀχαρνευσ μέχρι 
TO εκατομβαιῶνο 

O μηνοῦσ το Ent ἱπποδαμαντοῦσ ἀρχοντοσ Cady 
ενησ owotado Evite 

ταιῶν EVLAYTOY EL κάλλεο ἀρχοντοσ επιγενη(ς 
μ)εέταγενος εκ xO 

tAno αἀντιμαχοῦ εὐϑυνο μαραϑωνιοῦ. .. . 0a 
woe 6 O μενεστρατο πὸ ᾿ 

10 αλληνεὺυσ aide τῶν πόλεων . ... τοχο amedo(c) 

αν μυχονίοι . «. . GU 

LOL... + τήνιοι.. «6+ KELOL .. «.« σεριφιίοι .... 
GLPVLOL 


15 


10 


15 


ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS. 287 


vee LNTOL... . οἰναίοι EF LXOQ0.... 

ον ον ϑερμαιοι εξ xa90.... (χε)γφαλαιον το 
xO παρα τῶν πολεῶν ..... 

.... 0l(d)E τῶν ιδιω(των) το τί ome ἀπέδοσαν 
ἀρίστω 

(v) δηλιοσ ὅνπερ «πολλός δηλίιο snes TUG 
..» + €00 δηλιοῦ vitEg 

γλαύυκετο Onhio.... ewoxiene δηλίοσ ὅζα. 


Τάδε ἔπραξαν ‘Augixtvoves ᾿Αϑηναίων ἀπὸ Καλλέου ἄρχοντος 


« 


 μέχρ- AS 

L tov ϑαργηλιῶνος μηνὸς τοῦ ἐπὶ Ἱπποδάμαντος. ἄρχοντος 
᾿Αϑήνησι, 4 

ἐν Δήλῳ δὲ ἀπὸ Ἐπιγένους ἄρχοντος μέχρι τοῦ ϑαργηλιῶνος 
μηνὸς 

τοῦ ἐπὶ ‘Inniov ἄρχοντος, χρόνον ὅσον ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ἦρχεν; 
οἷς Διό-- 

δωρος ᾿οΟλυμπιοδώρου “Σκαμβωνίδης ἐγραμμάτευεν, ἀπὸ Χα- 
ρισάνδρ- 

ov ἄρχοντος ᾿Ιδιώτης Θεογένους ᾿Αχαρνεὺς μέχρι τοῦ ἕκατομ- 
βαιᾷνον , 

ς μηνὸς τοῦ ἐπὶ Ταδοδάμφνιοὶ ἄρχοντος, Keespliiees 3 Σωσιά- 
δου Ξυπε- 

ταιὼν ἐνιαυτὸν ἐπὶ ΧΩΛΑΝ “ἄρχοντος ᾿ τῆς Μμεταγένους 
ἐκ Ko- 

tans; “Δντίμαχος Εὐϑύνου "Maga? eiesai. cee OO + eee. 0 Me- 
γεστράτου Π-- 

αλληνεύς. Αἵδε τῶν πόλεων .... τόκου ἀπεδοσαν" ΙΜμυκχύ- 
γιοῦ .... Σύρ- 

LOL oes Τήνιοι «... ΙΚεῖον «0+ ««Σερίφιοι +++» «Σίφνιοι 

.... Ἰῆται «+++ Οἰναῖοι ἐξ Ἰκάρου + ... 

..... Osguator ἐξ Ἰκάρου Pay og κεφάλαιον τόκου παρὰ Ὁ τῶν 
πόλεων wae 

“0. Οἵδε τῶν ἰδιωτῶν τοὺ τόκου ἀπέδοσαν" ᾿Αρίστω-. 

vy Anos ὑπὲρ ᾿ἀπολλοδώρου Δηλίου vee SUC Skee ἕω 
4ήλιος ὑπὲρ 

Γλαυκέτου 4ηλίου . +++ ᾿ γψοκλέης 4ήλιος, δζο. 


288 


APPENDIX I. 


158 (B). 


aide τῶν πολεῶν to το(κ)ο ον Edel αυταῦ Ent 
THO ἡμετεραῦ 

αρχησ αποδοναι.... νελ. πο. καὶ οκ αἀπεδοσ 
αν τῶν τετταρῶώ 

ν ETOV XELOL. . . . μυχονίοι. ~~. + GUQLOL.... 

oe. OLPVLOL.... τήνιοι «. -«««Θθερμαιο 

ι εξ ικαρο . « . « παριοι..- .« Olvalol εξ ικῶαρο 

νον QE τῶν πολεῶν τον TOXOY Ox ἀπέδοσαν 
τον ἐπὶ τῇ 

σ NUETEQAC ἀρχὴησ τεττα(ρ)ῶν ἑτῶν ἐπι ἀρχον- 
τῶν αθηνησι 

καλλεο χαρισοανδρο 21 cle meaaien σωκχρατιδὸ εν 
δηλῶωι 

δὲ ἐπιγενοῦ παλαιο ἱππιο πυρραίθο &e. 


- ᾿ : “Ὁ Ὁ», κυ & + pe ee ey, , καὶ ’ 
Aids τῶν πόλεων τοῦ τόκου ὃν ἔδει αὐτὰς ἐπὶ τῆς ἡμετέρας 


ἀρχῆς ἀποδοῦναι +++. v8h. πο. καὶ οὐκ ἀπέδοσαν τῶν τεττά- 
ge : | 

y ἐτῶν * Κεῖοι » «++ Muxoviot »2e+ Σύριοι sees 

eevee Σίφνιοι sees Τήνιοι . .«...« Θερμαῖο-- 

t ἐξ Ἱκάρου «+++ Πάριοι - «.« « Οἰναῖοι ἐξ Ἰκάρου 

νον. Alde τῶν πόλεων τὸν τόκον οὐκ ἀπέδοσαν τὸν ἐπὶ TH- 

ς ἡμετέρας ἀρχῆς τεττάρων ἐτὼν ἐπὶ ἀρχόντων ᾿Ιϑήνησι 

Καϊλλέου, Χαρισάνδρου; ᾿᾿πποδάμαντος, cog. ελδεύαόη ἐν An- 
λῳ 

δὲ Ἐπιγένους, Παλαίου, Ἱππίου, Πυῤῥαίϑου, δυο. 


These two inscriptions were cut about B. C. 370, that is, 
about 30 years after Euclides, the archon. ‘They contain 
all the letters of the new Attic alphabet. | 

Observe, that O represents either ὁ, or the diphthong ov. 


ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS. 289. 


170. 
᾿ Inscriptio Potidea. (About B. C. 430.) 


αϑανα.... 
σεμαῖν.... 
καὶ προγο . ++. 

γιχὲν ευὐπολὲεμ .. .. : 

5 ateo wen povyac υπεδεχσατο ΗΒ; 
τονδὲ ποτειδαιασ ἀμφι πυλασ ελ.... 
εχθρον ὃ οἱ μεν ἐχοσι ταφο μεροσ H.... 
τειχοσ πιστοτοτὲν Ἠελπιὸδ εϑεντ.... 
ανδρασ usu πολισ Hede ποϑει χαι ὃ .... 

10 προσϑε ποτειδαιασ Hor ϑανον ἐμ πρ.... 
παιδεσ αθεναιον φσυχασ ὃ αν. ....ρρο.... 
6+ + YOUYT ἀρετεν καὶ πατ. ..««υὖχλ.... 


γίκην εὐπολὲμ +20 

5 αἰϑὴρ μὲν ψυχὰς ὑπεδέξατο, go. +s 
τῶνδε Ποτειδαίας ἀμφὶ πύλας 8h «ss 
ἐχϑρῶὼν δ᾽ οἱ μὲν ἔχουσι τάφου μέρος, H . «.. 
τεῖχος πιστοτάτην ἐλπίδ᾽ εϑεντ oe 
ἄνδρας μὲν πόλις ἥδε MOF καὶ ὃ - ... 

10 πρόσϑε Ποτειδαίας ot ϑάνον ἐν πρ +++ 

παῖδες ᾿Αϑηναίων " ψυχὰς δ᾽ αν ..... 90... 
wees ξανε ἀρετὴν καὶ NOT ..... UKh soe 


Line 5. umedeyouto, without the aspirate, for Humedeyouto. — 
7. ot, for Hor. — 8. Ἠελπιδ, with the aspirate, for ἐλπίδ᾽, ἐλπίδα. 
Helnio is a modification of the original Fedaic. In one of 
the later inscriptions we find ἀφηλπισμενγω, for ἀπηλπισμένῳ, 
from ἀπελπίζω (ἀπό, ἐλπίζω), implying ἑλπίζω, old orthography 
HEAMIZO. (See Gruter’s Corp. Inscript. p. uxx1.) 


25 


290 


10 


15 


APPENDIX 1, 


BQ OTIC INSCRIPTIONS. 


1564. 


ϑιοσ 
τίουχαν αγαθαν αλευὰ ap 
χοντοῦ εδοξε τυ δαμν ε(0) 
χομενιῶν αγεδικον δα 
φιταο ηολεια an ἀλεξαν 
δρείασ προξενιον εἰμὲν (x) 
ἢ ενεργεταν ταῦ πολιοῦ ε(ρῚ) 
χομενιῶν κῃ αὔτον xn εσ(7) 
ονῶς κῇ εἰμὲν αὐτυ γασ 
(κη) ευκιασ exacw xn ἀσφαλι 
(αν) “yn α(τ)ελιαν xn ἀσουλια(ν x) 
ῃ κατα γὰν xn κατα ϑαλατί(τα) 
ν κῃ πολεμῶ xn (ιρ)α(να)σ ιω(σ) 
ao xn Ta ἀλλα οποττα 
tuo ahdvo meogevve (xn) 
EVEQVETNO. 


Θεὸς 
τύχην ἀγαϑήν. ᾿Δλεύα ἄρ- 
χοντος ἔδοξε τῷ δήμῳ ἜἘρ- 
χομενίων ᾿Αγέδικον Aa- 
φίτου Aiolsa an’ ᾿4λεξαν-- 


5 δρείας πρόξενον εἶναι x- 


x 3 ‘ - , 3 
αἱ εὐεργέτην τῆς πολεὼς Eo- 
> “Ὰ 
χομενίων καὶ αὐτὸν καὶ ἐσγ- 
, \ 3 > ὦ ~ 
OVOUS, καὶ εἶναι αὑτῷ γῆς 
XN > » 3» , 93 , 
καὶ οἰκίας ἔπασιν καὶ ἀσφαλει-- 


3 3 
10 ἂν καὶ ἀτέλειαν καὶ ἀσυλίαν κ-- 


αἱ κατὰ γὴν καὶ κατὰ ϑάλαττα- 


15 


10 


10 


BEOTIC INSCRIPTIONS. 291 


ν καὶ πολέμου καὶ εἰρήνης οὔ- 
σῆς, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ὁπόσα 

τοῖς ἄλλοις προξένοις καὶ 
εὐεργέταις. 


1565. 


(θ)εοσ τυχα(ν δαμο) ote (At). 
οὐ agyovtoo εδοξε : 

τοι δαμοι προξενον 

εἰμεν βοιωτῶν και Eve 

ovetay νωβαν αξι 

ουβὼ καρχαδονιον και 

είμεν FOL YAO καὶ FOLKLG 

6 ἑπᾶσιν και ατελιαν 

καὶ ἀσουλιὰν καὶ καγγαν 

καὶ κατϑαλατταν και 

πολεμῶ και ιραναδ Ltacas (β) 
οιωταρχίοντων .... 


Θεὸς τύχην ΖΔαμοτέλ- 
” »” 
ous ἄρχοντος ἔδοξε 
-"Ὕ ὃ , 5& 
τῷ δήμῳ πρόξενον 
εἶναι Βοιωτῶν καὶ εὖε-- 
‘ 3 
ργέτην ἸΙγώβαν ᾿ἅξι-- 
ovBov Καρχηδόνιον, καὶ 
εἶναί ob γῆς καὶ οἰκέα-- 
» S. ΡΝ 
ς ἔπασιν καὶ ἀτέλειαν 
κι 93 ’ ΠΥ - re 
καὶ ἀσυλίαν καὶ κατὰ γὴν 
καὶ κατὰ ϑάλασσαν καὶ 
’ QA 3 , ” 
πολέμου καὶ εἰρήνης οὔσης. B- 
οιωταρχούντων...... 


10 


15 


20 


25 


‘APPENDIX I. 


1569. 


Inscriptio Orchomenia. 


ϑυναρχῶ apyovtos μεινος te 
thovOta ἀρχίαρος ευμειλώ Tape 
as ευβωλν ἀρχεδαμὼ paxe χρι 
OS ἀπεδώκα απὸ Tas σουγγραφῶ 
πέδαι τῶν πολεμαρχῶν xn τῶν 
κοατοπτοῶν ἀνελόμενος TAS 
σουγγραφωῶς τᾶς κιμενᾶς παρ εν 
φρονα xn φιδιαν xn πασικλειν 
κῃ τιμομειλον φωκείας xy δαμο 
τελεῖν λυσιδαμῶ xn διωνυσιον. 
καφισοδωρῶ χηρῶώνεια καττο Wa 
φισμα to δαμὼ 


θυναρχω ἀρχοντος μέεινος ἀαλαλ 
κομενιῶ Faovayv πολυκλειος 
ταμιας anedaxe evBodv ἀρχε 
δαμὼ φῶωκχειι απὸ τὰς συγγραφῶ 
το καταλυποὸν XATTO ψαφισμα 
to δαμὼ ἀνελομένος τας σουγ 
γραφῶς TAS κιμενας παρ Cope 
λον xn ευφρονα φωκειᾶς xn παρ 
διωνυσιον καφισοδωρῶ γχηρῶνει 
a κῃ λυσιδαμον δαμοτελίιος πε 
δα τῶν πολεμαρχὼν κῃ τῶν κατο 
πταῶν 


ἄρχοντος ἕν ἐρχομενυ ϑυναρχῶ μει 
νος ἀλαλκομενιῶ ev δὲ Fedatin μὲ 


30 


35 


40 


45 


50 


55 


BOTIC INSCRIPTIONS. 293 


γοιταο AOYEAAM μεινος πρατῶ OMO 

hoya evBadv τελατιην xn τὴ πολι ἐρ 
χομενίων ἐπίδει κεκομιστη ευβὼ 

λος παρ τας πολιος το δανειον ἀπᾶν 
καττας ομολογιας τας τεϑεισας θυ 
vaoya ἀρχοντος μεινος θειλουθιῶ 

κῃ OUT οφειλετὴ avtu Ett ουθεν παρ τὰν 
πολιν αλλ ἀπεχι παντα περὶ πᾶντος 

xy αἀποδεδοανθι τη πολι τυ ἐχοντες 

Tas ομολογιας εἰμὲν ποτι δεδομε 

γον χρονον ευβωλν επινομιας Ἑετια 
πετταρὰ βουεσσι σουν ιππυο διακα 

TLNS FLKATL προβατὺυς σουν ηγὺυς χει 

ALNS ἀρχι τῶ χρονῶ ο EVLAVTOS O μετα 
θυναρχον ἀρχοντὰ εἐρχομένιυς ἀπὸ 
γραφεσθη δὲ ευβωλον κατ eviavtov 
ἑκαστον παρ τον ταμίαν XN τον νομῶ᾿ 
ναν τὰ TE καυματα τῶν προβατῶν κη 
ταν ἡγῶν xn τὰν βονῶν xy ταν ἱππῶν xn 


κα τινὰ ασαμα ιῶνθι κῃ το πλειθος μει 


απογραφεσθω δὲ πλίονα τῶν γεγραμ 
μενῶν Ev τῇ σουγχωρεισι ἡ δὲ κα τις 
(πρατ)τὴ το ἐννομιον ευβωλον οφειλε(τ 
@ & πολις) τῶν ἐρχομενίων ἀργουριῶ 
(μνασ π)ετταρακοντα ευβωλυν καθ εκὰ 
στον ἐνιαυτον κῃ τοχον φερετῶ δρα(χμας 
δονω)τας μνας ἑκαστας κατα μεινα 
(exac)tov xn ἐμπρᾶάκτος ἑστῶ evB(wdv 
2 e+ ὦ πόλις) τ(ωὴν ἐρχομενι(ωὴν 

Q5 * 


APPENDIX I. 


Θυνάρχου ἄρχοντος, μηνὸς Θει-- 
λουϑίου, ᾿Αἀρχίαρος Εὐμείλου ταμί- 
ας Εὐβούλῳ ᾿ἀρχεδάμου Φωκεῖ χρέ- 
ος ἀπέδωκα ἀπὸ τῆς συγγραφῆς 
5 μετὰ τῶν πολεμάρχων καὶ 

τῶν κατοπτῶν, ἀνελόμενος τὰς 
συγγραφὰς τὰς κειμένας παρ᾽ Εὔ- 
φρόνα καὶ Φειδίαν καὶ Πασικλῆ 
καὶ Τιμόμειλον Φωκέας, καὶ 4ημο- 

10 τέλην Δυσιδάμου, καὶ Διονύσιον 
Κηφισοδώρου Xaigwvéa, κατὰ τὸ ψή- 
φισμα τοῦ δήμου. 


Θυνάρχου ἄρχοντος, μηνὸς ᾿4λαλ- J 
_ κχομενίου, "Aovey Πολυκλέους 
15 ταμίας ἀπέδωκε Εὐβούλω “Aoys- 

δήμῳ Φωκεῖ ἀπὸ τῆς συγγραφῆς 

τὸ κατάλοιπον, κατὰ τὸ ψήφισμα 

τοῦ δήμου, ἀνελόμενος τὰς συγ-- 

γραφὰς τὰς κειμένας παρὰ Σώφι- 
20 λον καὶ Εὔφρονα Φωκέας, καὶ παρὰ 
Διονύσιον Κηφισοδώρου Χαιρωνγέ- 
α καὶ “υσίδαμον 4Δαμοτέλους με- 
τὰ τῶν πολεμάρχων καὶ τῶν κατο-- 
πτῶν. 


25 "άρχοντος ἐν ᾿Ορχομενῷ Θυνάρχου, μη- 
γὸς ᾿Αλαλκομενίου, ἐν δὲ Ἐλατείᾳ Me- 
voitou ᾿Αρχελάου, μηνὸς πρώτου. Ὅμο- 
λογία Εὐβούλῳ ᾿Ελατειαίῳ καὶ τῇ πόλει ἾΟρ- 
χομενίων . ᾿Επειδὴ κεκόμισται EvBov- 

30 λος παρὰ τῆς πόλεως τὸ δάνειον ἅπαν 
κατὰ τὰς ὁμολογίας τὰς τεϑεῖίσας Θυ-- 
γάρχου ἄρχοντος μηνὸς Θειλουϑίου 
καὶ οὔτ᾽ ὀφείλεται αὐτῷ ἔτι οὐδὲν παρὰ τὴν 
πόλιν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀπέχει πάντα περὶ παντὸς, 

35 καὶ ἀποδεδώκασι τῇ πόλει ot ἔχοντες 


BCQOTIC INSCRIPTIONS. 295 


τὰς Omohoying* εἶναν πρὸς δεδομέ-- 
3 » 
γον χρόνον Εὐβούλῳ ἐπινομίας, ἔτη 
τέτταρα, βουσὶ σὺν ἵπποις διακο-- 
’ » “4 ν᾽ Per 
σίαις εἴκοσι, προβάτοις σὺν αἰξὶ χι-- 


- «Ἡ 
40 λίαις ᾿ ἄρχει τοῦ χρόνου ὃ ἐνιαυτὸς ὃ μετὰ 


Θύναρχον ἄρχοντα ᾿Ορχομενίοις " ἀπο--: 
γράφεσϑαν δὲ Εὔβουλον κατ᾽ ἐνιαυτὸν 
ἕκαστον παρὰ τὸν ταμίαν καὶ τὸν νομώ-- 
γην, τά TE καύματα τῶν προβάτων καὶ 


” 
45 τῶν αἰγῶν καὶ τῶν βοῶν καὶ τῶν ἵππων κἄν 


» > Ἂ ᾿Ξ τὴν ὁ - 
τινα ἄσημα WOL, καὶ τὸ πλῆϑος " μὴ 
ἀπογραφέσϑω δὲ πλείονα τὼν Vey QO" 
μένων ἐν τῇ συγχωρήσει. ᾿Ἐὰν δὲ τις 

’ 3 , » νῷ 
πράττῃ τὸ ἐνγόομιον Εὐβουλον, ὀφειλ-- 


50 ἕτω ἡ πόλις τῶν ᾿Ορχομενίων ἀργυρίου 


’ 3 
μνᾶς τετταράκοντα Εὐβώλῳ καϑ᾽ ἕκα- 
στον ἐνιαυτὸν, καὶ τόκον φερέτω δραχμὰς 
δύο τῆς μνᾶς ἑκάστης κατὰ μῆνα 
e 5 ae 2» 3 , 
ἕκαστον καὶ ἔμπρακτος ἔστω Εὐβούλῳ 


55 ἡ πόλις τῶν ᾿Ορχομενίων. 


10 


2:29. 

Tenian. ΄, 
(εδοξεν tye βουληι και) τῶι δ(ημ)ωι. 
πρυτανείων γνωμ)ὴ ἐπειδὴ αμ ὁ 
μωνιοσ ἀμμώνιον avne ἀγαθοσ 
EOTLY και ευνουσ τῶι δημῶι 
τῶι τηνιῶν και διατελεῖ χρεια(σ) 
παρεχομενοσ καὶ XOLVEL TEL TOAEL 
καὶ καθ ιδιαν TOLD ἐεντυγχανουσιν 
αὐτῶι αναδεδεχται δὲ καὶ τὴν 
ϑεαροδοχιαν τῶν δηλιῶν aya 
Het tuyer δεδοχθαι tee βουλει και 
τῶι δημῶι ἐπαίνεσαι TE αὐτον 


296 APPENDIX 1. 


καὶ στεφανῶσοι ϑ(α)λλ(ο)ν στεφανῴωι εν τὶ 
ὧι LEQ@L TO του ποσειδωνοῦσ καὶ TYG 
αμφιτριτησ ἀρετησ EVEXEY καὶ 
15 ευνοιασ τησ εἰσ tov δημον τῶν 
τηνιῶν εἰναι δὲ αὐτον και τουσ ἐκ 
γονουσ autov προξενουσ καὶ εν 
.ἐργεταῦσ THO πολεωσ δεδοσθαι 
δὲ καὶ προεδριαν ἐν TOLO ἀγῶσιν 
20 ov συντελεί ἡ πολισ καὶ προσο 
δον προσ τὴν βουλὴν και tov dy 
μον EaY του δεηται ἀαναγραψαι 
δὲ tode to ψηφισμα evo στηλὴν (At) 
ϑινὴην και στῆσαι εἰσ TO LEQoY του (πο) 
25 σειδωνοσ καὶ ty ἀαμφιτριτησ .... 


» ξ - - x - ’ 
Edokev τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῷ δήμῳ, 
’ 4 ἊΝ 3 e 2 
πρυτάνεων γνώμη ᾿" Ἐπειδὴ Au- 
, > 2 A > [ὦ 
μῶώνιος Aupwviov ἀνὴρ ἀγαϑὸς 
ἐστιν καὶ εὔνους τῷ δήμῳ 
Ld x ~ ᾿ 
5 τῷ Τηνίων, καὶ διατελεῖ χρείας 
- - [2 
παρεχόμενος καὶ κοινῇ τῇ πόλει 
καὶ καϑ'᾽ ἰδίαν τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσιν 
> # 3 ’ x 4 se 
αὐτῷ, ἀναδέδεκται δὲ καὶ τὴν 
3 
ϑεαροδοκίαν τῶν Δηλίων " ἀγα- 
10 97 τύχῃ, δεδόχϑαι τῇ βουλῇ καὶ 
3 
τῷ δήμῳ ἐπαινέσαι Te αὑτὸν 
Ν “ w Uj 2 
καὶ στεφανῶσαν ϑαλλοῦ στεφάνῳ ἐν τ- 
ᾧ ἱερῷ τὸ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος καὶ τῆς 
3 ’ 3 o ὧν x 
AUPLTQLENS HQETNS EVEXEY καὶ 
15 εὐνοίας τῆς εἰς τὸν δῆμον τῶν 
" 3 ᾿ > Ἂ e 
Τηνίων * εἶναι δὲ αὑτὸν καὶ τοῦς ἐκ-- 
3 ’ 3 
γόνους αὑτοῦ προξένους καὶ Ev- 
εργέτας τῆς πόλεως " δεδόσϑαι 
4 ~ > 
δὲ καὶ προεδρίαν ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσιν 
4 » 4 
20 οἷς συντελεῖ ἡ πόλις καὶ πρόσο- 


IONIC INSCRIPTIONS. 297 


Sov πρὸς τὴν βουλὴν καὶ τὸν δῆ- 

μον, ἐάν του δέηται.  Avaygawau 

δὲ τόδε τὸ ψήφισμα εἰς στήλην λι- 

ϑίνην καὶ στῆσαν εἷς τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Πο- 
25 σειδῶνος καὶ τῆς ᾿Αμφιτρίτης. 


IONIC, _ 


2691. é. 
(About B. Ὁ. 350.) 


Eevee πεμπτῶι ἀρταξερξευσ βασιλευοντοῦ 

μαυσσώλλου εξαιθραπενοντοῦσ μανιτὰ tov 

πακτυῶ επιβουλευσαντοσ μαυσσωλλῶι τῶι εκατ 
ομν(ω) | 

ἐν τῶι ἱερῶι tov dtoo tov λαμβραυνδου ϑυσιησ 
EVLOY 

5 σιησ καὶ πανηγυριοῦ εουσησ καὶ μαυσώλλου μεν 

σωθεντοῦ συν τῶι du pwavita de αὐτου τὴν δικὴν 

λαβοντοῦ ev χειρῶν νομῶι ἐγνωσαν μυλασεισ π 
wt Se | 

VOUNUEVOY TOU LEQOY καὶ μαυσωώλλοῦ του ἐνερ 

γετεῶ ερευναν ποιησασθαι εἰ τισ καὶ αλλοσ με 
τε(σ) 

10 γεν ἡ εκοινωνῆσεν tno πραξιοδ ἐλεγχθεντοῦ δὲ 

καὶ ϑυσσου tov συσχω καὶ κριθεντοσ συναδικ 
ει(ν) 

μετὰ μανιτὰ εδοξε μυλασευσιν καὶ ἐἑπεχυρῶσαν 

αἱ τρεισ φυλαι τὰ μανιτὰα του maxtva καὶ Ovo 
σου 

του dvoxa προστεθηναι μαυσσωλλῶι καὶ TH 

15 κτηματα εἐπῶλησεν ἡ πολισ δημοσιη exagac 


298 APPENDIX I. 


MOLYOOMEVYH τουτῶν TAO ὠνασ TOLO πριαμενοίσ 


κυριασ ειναὶ καὶ μητε προτιθεναι μήτε ἐπίψηφι 
ζειν 


μηδενα εἰ δὲ tio tavta παραβαινοι εξωλη γινε 
σθαι και αυτον και τουσ EXELYOY παντασ 


Ἔτει πέμπτῳ ᾿Αρταξέρξευς βασιλεύοντος, 
ἹΜαυσσώλλου ἐξαιϑραπεύοντος * Mavita τοῦ 
Πακτύω ἐπιβουλεύσαντος Παυσσώλλῳ τῷ “Ἑκατόμνω 
ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ Μαμβραύνδου, ϑυσίης ἐγιαυ- 
5 σίης καὶ πανηγύριος ἐούσης, καὶ Παυσσώλλου μὲν 
σωϑέντος σὺν τῷ Avi, Mavita δὲ αὐτοῦ δίκην 
λαβόντος ἐν χειρὼν νόμῳ, ἔγνωσαν Mulacsic παρη-- 
γομημένου τοῦ ἱεροῦ καὶ Mavoowddov τοῦ eveg- 
γέτεω, ἔρευναν ποιήσασϑαι εἴ τις καὶ ἄλλος μετέσ- 
10 χεν ἢ ἐκοινώνησεν τῆς πράξιος " ἐλεγχϑέντος δὲ 
καὶ Θύσσου τοῦ Σύσκω καὶ κριϑέντος συναδικεῖν ᾿ 
μετὰ Mavita, ἔδοξε Mulacevow, καὶ ἐπεκύρωσαν 
at τρεῖς φυλαὶ, τὰ Mavita τοῦ Πακτύω καὶ Θύσσου 
τοῦ Σύσκω προστεϑῆναι αυσσώλλῳ, καὶ τὰ 
15 χτήματα ἐπώλησεν ἢ πόλις δημοσίῃ, ἐπάρας 
ποιησαμένη τούτων τὰς ὠνὰς τοῖς πριαμένοις 
κυρίας εἶναι, καὶ μήτε προτιϑέναι μήτε ἐπιψηφίζειν 
μηδένα " εἰ δέ τις ταῦτα παραβαΐνοι, ἐξώλη γίνε- 
σϑαι καὶ αὐτὸν καὶ τοὺς ἐκείνου πάντας. 


Line 1, ᾿Φρταξέρξευς, gen. sing. contracted from ᾿ἀρταξέρξεος. 
In the common dialect ‘Agtagéging has gen. -ov. — 2. ἐξαιϑρα-- 
πεύοντος, the same as the common σατραπεύοντος. ---- Mavita, 
gen. sing. from Movritos. — 8. Πακτύω, gen. sing. for Πακτύεω, 
from Iaxting. —'7. παρηνομημένου, perf. pass. part. from παρα- 
vousw. The syllabic augment is lengthened into 7, after the 
analogy of its imperfect παρηνόμουν (Rem. § 19). Compare 
εἴληχα, εἴληφα, Suc. (Rem. ὃ 14.) —11. Svoxw, gen. sing. im- 
plying nom. Σύσκης ? 


REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS. 299 


REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS. 


Changes of the preposition ἐκ, ἐξ. 


i. The preposition ἐκ before 8, δ, λ,. μ, is. often changed 
into ey. Εἰ g. 


sy βενδιδειων — ἐκ Βιενδιδεϊμν (157) 

ey διονυσιων ---- ἐκ Διονυσίων (157) 

εγδοσεισ, ἐγδοτω — ἐκδόσεις, éxdotw (1570. 4) 

ey λεσβο ---- ἐκ Aéofov (139) 

ey hiwsvoa — ἐκ λιμένος (525) 

εγλυϑεντων ---- ἐκλυϑέντων (Boeckh. Athen. Nav. p. 453) 

sy μεέγαρων --- ἐκ Msyaguy (175) 

sy μυρινησ — ἐκ Mugirns (168. b) 

sy μυρρινουτησ --- ἔκ Muggivovrns (Boeckh. Athen. Nav: p. 450) 


2. When the word governed by ἐκ begins with o, x is chang- 
ed intoy. KE. g. 
ey ooo — ἐκ Σάμου (147) 


3. Frequently ἐκ and the noun governed by it are written as 
one word. E. g. 


εξαλαμενοσ᾽ — ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος (2907) 
εξυροῦυ ---- ἐκ Σύρου (2947. c) 
εξυβριτιασ — ἐκ Συβριτίας (3049) 


4, The full form of this preposition, ἐξ, is found before a 
consonant ; εξ ρηνειασ, for ἐκ “Pyyeiag (158. A). 


Changes of the preposition sig and the article τάς. 


5. Before a word beginning with x, the preposition εἰς 
sometimes drops σ. E. g. | 


εἰστηλασ --- εἰς στήλας (108; 93) 


Compare the article τάς before the same word; ταστήλασ for 
τὰς στήλας (3044). 


N before a labial, 


6. At the end of a word, w is very often changed into , 
when the next word begins with a labial (x, 8,9). E. g. 


Tu πολιν ---- τὴν πόλιν (105) 
Tou πολεὼν --- τῶν πόλεων (75) 


μὲμ ποϑει --- μὲν mode (170) 


= eee Οὐ ey hy ee πῦν.. κ᾿... 


800 APPENDIX I. 


ἐμ mols, — ἐν πόλει (76) 
Hotop περ --- ὅταν περ (76) 
ἐστιμ πέρι --- ἐστὶν περὶ (101) 
αὐτομ πρόξενον --- αὐτὸν πρόξενον (1052) 
eyleysiy παρ αὕτου ---- ἐκλέγειν παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ (101) 
eu βουλευτηριω --- ἐν βουλευτηρίῳ (124) 
tou βομον --- τὸν βωμόν (160) 
τομ pogoy — τὸν φόρον (76) 
peu φσυχαὰσ --- μὲν ψυχᾶς (170) 
7. Sometimes w before ἃ labial remains unchanged even in 
the middle of a word. E. g. | 
συνμαχια .--- συμμαχία (11) 
ἐλανβανεν --- ἐλάμβανεν (71) 
Further, not unfrequently 2 takes the place of m before a 
labial. E. g. 
ἀμεγφεσ --- ἀμεμφές (9) 
κλεονβροτοσ -- pecege ταν (165) 
ολυνπιο --- ᾿ολυμπίου (90) 
ολυνπιοι ---- ᾿Ολυμπίῳ (11; 99) 


Ν before a palatal. 


8. Before a palatal (x, 7, χ), Wat iba end of a word is very 
often Changed into 1: E. g. 
TOY καιρῶν ---- τῶν καιρῶν (101) 
sy xuxhor — ἐν κύχλῳ (160) 
ay xab— ἂν καὶ (101) 
ewy καὶ — ἐὼν καὶ (1052) 
ατελειαγ καὶ — ἀτέλειαν καὶ (1052) 
TOY γραμματεα ---- τὸν γραμματέα (84) 
Ἡνερογ χρέματον --- ἱερῶν χρημάτων (147) 
tay χωραν --- τὰν χώραν (2905, 46) 
9. Sometimes w before ἃ palata] remains unchanged even in 
the middle of a word, E. g. 
ἐνενκαμδνοῦ ---- ἐγεγκαμένου (401) 
ἐγγραψαι — ἐγγράψαι (99) 
λανχανοντων ---- λαγχανόντων (2556) 
Further, not unfrequently Vv takes the place of r before ἃ 


palatal. E. δ. 
ανανκησ --- ἀνάγκης (1001) 
svyvo --- ἐγγύς (22; 1794. h) 
ἐπανγελλεται — ἐπαγγέλλεται (107) 


REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS. 301 


These orthographical phenomena will be easily accounted 
for, if we suppose that W or 7 before a palatal had the sound 
of NG. 


Ν before a Liquid. 


10. Ν᾽ at the end of a word before a liquid (A, μὴ) is Potten 
changed into that liquid. E, g. 


toh λογιστον --- τῶν λογιστῶν (76) 

τολ hoyov — τὸν λόγον (76) 

tom μισϑωσεων --- τῶν μισϑώσεων (82) 
τέμ μυσιαν ---- τὴν Mvoiuy (143) 


Sometimes ΙΝ remains unchanged before a liquid; as παλιν»-- 
λύτων (Boeckh. Athen. Nav. p. 408). 


Changes of the Prepositions ἐν and σύν. 


11. The preposition ἐν before > is often changed into eo. 

E. g. 
ἐσ σιδωνι — ἐν Σιδῶνι (87) 
ἐσ σαμοι ---τ ἐν Σάμῳ (147) 
ἐσ σιγγοι ---- ἐν Σίγγῳ (171) 
ἐσ συλῶι ---- ἐν σύλῳ (2447, 6) 
ε΄ στηλῃ — ἐν στήλῃ (ibid.) 

Before στήλῃ it often drops the ν΄ as εστηλήι, for ἐν στήλῃ (87). 
Sometimes » is dropped and ¢ becomes e* as ειστηλὴι, for ἐν 
στήλῃ (2138). 

12. The preposition σύν sometimes drops ν before σ followed 
by a vowel ; as συσεμαίνεσϑον, for συσσημαινέσϑων (76). 

Sometimes it remains unchanged even before o followed by 
two consonants ; as ovrvoggayiocusrar, for συσφραγισαμένων 


(3137). 


W movable (ἐφελκυστικόν). 


13. It is often omitted before a vowel. On the other hand, 
it is as often found before a consonant. E.g. Ὁ 


ἐγραμματεὺυε evmerd eg — ᾿ἐγραμμάτευεν, Εὐπείϑης (76) 
εἰπὲ ἀποδονγαι — εἶπεν " ἀποδοῦνδι 

ταμιασι Howe — ταμίασιν οἷς (139) 

εδοχσεν te Boker — ἔδοξε τῇ βουλῇ (76) 

ἐδωκεν συκεευσιν — ἔδωκε Συκειεῦσιν (8) 


302 APPENDIX I, 


Doubling of Consonants. 


14. Not unfrequently a word is written with a simple conso- 
nant when commonly that consonant is doubled. E. g. 


αλαλοισ, αλ — ἀλλάλοις, ἄλλ᾽ (11) 
εἐγραμενοι ---- ἐγραμμένῳ (11) 
προκονέσιο --- Προκοννησίου (8) 
ἀαραβδοτα --- ἀῤῥάβδωτα (160) 


ἱπομεδον ----Ἱππομέδων (2) 


15. = is often doubled before a consonant; most commonly 
before zr. E. g. 


ἀρισστον ---- ‘Agioray (1) 

ἀαρισστοδαμοσ — ἀριστόδαμος (13) 
τελεσσταῦσ — Τελέστας (166) 
ασσκληπιοδωροσ ---- ᾿Ασκληπιόδωρος (879) 
ἀρισστοφανησ — ἀριστοφάνης (1638) 


16. A rough mute (ϑ,, φὴ is sometimes doubled in the middle 
of aword. E. g. 


ἀφφιανοσ — ᾿Ἵπφιανός or “Anmiavog (427) 

cuggov — Σάπφου (1927) 

καϑϑεσαν --- κάτϑεσαν (2169) 

κλεοϑϑισ ---- Κλεοτϑίς (2211, ὃ, vol. II. p. 1029) 


We find also cago for σαφφο or cango, Sango, Sappho, 
‘(Millingen, plat. xxxu1.). 


17. We suppose that, in poetry, a short syllable was often 
made long by position by doubling the following consonant in 
pronunciation... In fact we find ὑπολλυκαβαν, for ὑπὸ λυκάβαν, 
in the following pentameter verse ; 


τρισσον ὑπολλυκαβαν; γραμματικοσ τελεω (2169) 
τρισσὸν ὑπὸ λυκάβαν Τραμματικὸς τελέω 


<< Orasis and Elision. 


18. When the preceding word ends ina diphthong, the second 
vowel (1, v) of that diphthong is dropped before the two words 
are united by crasis. Εἰ. g. 


ταὐτά - τὰ ὅυτά (2557, B) 
τοὐρμοκράτεος - τοῦ ᾿ρμοκράτεος (8) 
τὠσύλω - τῶ ἀσύλω (2557, B, 4 
τὠγῶνος ---- TOU ἀγῶνος (3044) 

τήπάρῃ — τῇ ἐπάρῃ (3044) 


REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS. 303 


ἡπάρη - ἡ ἐπάρη (9044) 

ἀδελφοί — οἵ ἀδελφοὶ (8) 

τἀργεῖοι ---- τοὶ ᾿Αργεῖοι (99) 
τὠπόλλωνι — τῷ ᾿“πώλλωνι (39) 
κἀγώ - καὶ ἐγώ (8) 

κἀπίστατον — καὶ ἐπίστατον (8) 

κῆς (Doric) — καὶ ἐς (2554) 

κηπί (Doric) — καὶ ἐπὶ (1688) 
nop’ ὕψους --- καὶ ag’ ὕψους (3588) 
κἄρτεμιν - καὶ ἄρτεμιν (2554) 
κἠπαινέομεν (Doric) — καὶ ἐπαινέομεν (3047) 


19. The conjunction καὶ drops αι before the diphthongs a, 
ει, ov* as κα τις, for καὶ αἴ τις (2554); κεἴκοσι, for καὶ εἴκοσι 
(2921); : κοὐκέτι, for καὶ οὐκέτι (3019). --- We find καιμον, that 
is xquoy, for καὶ ἐμόν (3588, 8) ; but this is evidently ὃ a mistake ; 
in the same inscription we find zag vous, for καὶ ag’ ὕψους. 


20. We see then that in case of crasis, iota is subscribed 
only when it is at the end of the syllables to be contracted ; as 
κᾷτα, for καὶ εἶτα. ‘ 


21. Crasis and Elision were very often left to pronunciation. 
E. g. 

TO aFuto λιϑὸ eur ἀνδριασ καὶ to σφελασ (10) 
τοῦ αὐτοῦ λίϑου εἰμὶ ἀνδριὰς καὶ τὸ σφέλας 
ταὐτοῦ λίϑου εἴμ᾽ ἀνδριὰς καὶ τὸ σφέλας 
φύυλην κεκροπιδὸν ἐργωιν εδρασε αγαϑα (85) 
φυλὴν Κεχροπιδῶν ἔργῳ ἔδρασ᾽ ἀγαϑά 
τοιωνδε ‘ardour 1 πολισ onmotay αὕτισ apagene (178) 
τοιῶνδ᾽ ἀνδρῶν ἡ ἢ πόλις δππόταν αὖτις ἁμάρτῃ 
βουλησ με ἀρειασ ψηφοσ εστῆσε ενϑαδὲ (426) 
γεγουσ τὸ EXATL καὶ ἀρετησ οση YEO, 
βουλῆς μ᾽ “Agstus ψῆφος ἔστησ᾽ ἐνθάδε, 
γένους ϑ᾽ ἕκᾶτι κἀρετῆς ὅση νέῳ. 
φραδαισι νυμφων to αντρον εξηργασατο (456, a) > 
φραδαῖσι νυμφῶν τἄντρον ἐξηργάσατο 

εἰμι δὲ ἀαριστοκλὴσ πειραιευσ mous δὲ μενωνοσ (749) 
εἰμὶ δ᾽ ᾿Αριστοκλῆς Πειραιεὺς, παῖς δὲ Mévavos 
ουσαν καὶ κατα yno καὶ τιμησω σε αχρί αν ζω (808) 
οὖσαν καὶ κατὰ γῆς καὶ τιμήσω o° ἄχρι ἂν ζῶ 


304 ‘APPENDIX 1. 


σωμα πνοὴν δὲ ardno ἐλαβὲν nuh ooneg εδωκεν (1001) 
σῶμα " πνοὴν δ᾽ αἰϑὴρ ἔλαβεν πάλιν ὅσπερ ἔδωκεν 
eixova τηνδὲ avedyxe φορυστασ moo ο τριακοσ (1582) 
εἰκόνα τήνδ᾽ ἀνέϑηκε Φορύστας παῖς ὃ Τρίᾶκος 
κειμεϑα καὶ ευσεβεων ev σκιεροισ ϑαλαμοις (2055, δ) 
κείμεϑα κεὐσεβέων ἐν σκιεροῖς ϑαλάμοις 
Dative Plural ἐπ΄ ασι, and Adverbs in nou. 
22. The usual form of the dative plural of ταμίας is ταμια- 
_ ot, that is ταμίασι (138; 139). 
23. The adverbial ending yo: is never found with iota sub- 


script ; thus, αϑηνησι, that is ᾿4ϑήνησι, never αϑηνηισι, (158, 
A, B.) | 


Nominative Plural in ἧς from Nouns in svc. 


24. We find οὐ mAuvng, for of πλυνῆς Or πλυνεῖς, from the noun 
ὃ πλυνεύς (455). 


Nominative Dual in εἰ for ἡ from Neuters in og. 


25. The ending ες of the nominative dual of nouns in os, 
gen. soc, is contracted into ει. E. g.. 
oxele, that 15 σκέλει, from σκέλος (150, A) 
Cevye, that is ζεύγει, from ζεῦγος (150, B) 


Doric Future. 


26. The Doric dialect often changes the ending -éw, -ἕομαι, 
of the future of liquid verbs into dw. E, g. 


ἐμμενίω for ἐμμενέω from ἐμμένω (2554) 


27. The endings -σῶ, -σοῦμαι, of the Doric future, are often 
resolved into -cew, -σεομαι, which may be changed into -o.w, 
-σίομαι, according to the preceding paragraph. E. g. 

ὁρκιξέω for δρκιξῶ (oexitw), from δρκίζω (1688). Compare 

(πέσομαι) πεσοῦμαι, πεσέομαι. 

βοαϑασίω for βοαϑασὼῶ (βοηϑήσω), from βοηϑέω (2554) 

προλειψέω for προλειψῶ (προλείψω), from προλείπω (2554) 

πραξίομεν for πραξοῦμεν (πράξομεν), from πράσσω (3048) 

χαριξιόμεϑα for χαριξούμεϑα (χαρισόμεϑα), from χαρίζομαι 

(3048) 


28. The new endings -ceouer, -osovt, -σέομαι, -σεομεϑα, 


REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS. 305 


-σεονται may be contracted into -σεῦμεν, -σεῦντι, -σεῦμαι, -σεύ-- 
μεϑα, -σεῦνται. KE. g. 


διαλυσεῦντι for διαλυσοῦντε (διαλύσουσι), from διαλύω (2671) 
ὑπαρξεῦντι for ὑπαρξοῦντι (ὑπάρξουσι), from ὑπάρχω (2671) 


29. Even the future passive changes owas into οὔμαι, as ov- 
γαχϑησοῦνται for συναχϑήσονται, from συνάγω (2448). 


Aorist Active of Verbs in αἰνω, aiga. 


30. The endings -ηνὰ or -ava, -ῆρα OF -age, are always 
found without the iota subscript. This fully establishes our 
rule (Rem, § 56, 2.3). E. g. : 

ἐπέκρᾶνε from ἐπικραίνω (2237) 
avepnve — ἀναφαίνω (2374) : 
καϑηράντων ---- καϑαίρω (2374) 
κατᾶραι --- καταίρω (2347) 


ἐπάρῃ, ἐπάρας ---- ἐπαίρω (2953) 


7098 ἄρατο ---- αἴρω (247; 1907) 
We find also perf. pass. imperat. 3 sing. 799 from αἴρω. 


Beotic third Person Plural in -νϑι. 


31. The Beotic dialect changes the pronominal suffix -y7z 
into -γϑι. Εἰ g. 
αποδεδοανϑι ---- ἀποδεδόαντι, from ἀποδίδωμι (1569) 
ιωγϑὲ ---- wrt, ἕωσι, wor, from εἰμί (ibid.) 


T he element (9) of analogical ending of the third person sin- 
gular (-9.) is found in the English indicative ; as ha-th (4-9), 
ende-th (ἔνδε- 9). Compare -9 of the 2 sing. imperat. active ; 
as φάϑι, ἴσϑι, πῖϑι. 


Perfect Active Participle in -sa, -υα, for -via. 


32. In a Doric inscription (2448, I.) we find the participles 
ἐπιτετελεκεῖα, ἑστακεῖα, συναγαγοχεῖα, for the common ἐπιτελεκυῖα, 
ἑστακυῖα, ouvaynyoyvia OF συναγηοχυῖα, from ἐπιτελέω, ἵστημι, 
συνάγω. ‘The same inscription (II. III.) contains the indica- 
tive συναγάγοχα, for the common συγαγήγοχα (3595) the full 
form of συναγήοχα. ἢ 


* The reader will perceive that when the author erroneously stated under ἄγω 
that cvvayayoesa stood for pluperf. συναγηγόχεα; he went on the supposi- 
tion that Matthize (to whose Grammar he referred) could easily perceive the 
difference between a verb and a participle. There is no such pluperfect as 


ἀγαγόχειω. 
26* 


306 — APPENDIX I. 


33. In some of the recently discovered Attic inscriptions, 
-vo is used for -vie. E. g. 


παρειληφῦα ---- παρειληφυῖα (Boeckh. Athen. Nav. p. 540). 


Aorist Passive Infinitive in -ny. 


34. In an Aolic inscription (3524) we find οντεϑην, γενηϑην, 
εἰσενέεχϑην, ἐπιγραφήν, στεφανωϑην, to be accented ovtédyy, γε- 
yn ony, εἰσενέχϑην, ἐπιγράφην, στεφανώϑην; for the common ἐντε-- 
ϑῆναι, γενηϑῆναι, εἰσενεχϑῆναι, ἐπιγραφῆναι, στεφανωϑῆναι. See 
also μεϑύσϑην under μεϑύσκω. 


Imperative 3 pers. plur. in -ντω for -ντων. 


35, In some of the Doric inscriptions the 3 plur. of the 
imperative active takes -ytw for -γτων. LE. g. 


παρεχόντω.- - παρεχόντων, from παρέχω (1699) 

ἐόντω ---- ἐόντων (ὄντων), from siué (1699) 
ἀποοτειλάντω πος: ἀποστειλάντων, from ἀποστέλλω (1845) 
ποιούντω — ποιούντων, from ποιέω (1845) 


This ending is evidently the same as the Latin -nto; as, 
sunto (ἐόντω), amanto (φιλούντω), docento (διδασκόντω), factunto 
_ (ποιούὐντω). 


Infinitive of Verbs in -ca. 


36. The contracted form of the infinitive of verbs in -cw is 
found without the iota subscript, which shows that it is con- 
tracted not from -ἄειν, but from the Doric -aev. We may 
therefore safely reject the orthography -ᾧν. ΕἸ g. 


τιμᾶν from τιμάω (2569) 
περιορᾶν from περιοράω (2919) 


Tota Subscript. 


37. In inscriptions cut before the Roman period, the iota 
subscript, so called, is a regular letter; as tye βουληι, τωι τα- 
μιαι, for our τῇ βουλῇ, τῷ ταμίᾳ. 

38. In inscriptions cut during the Roman period, the iota 
subscript is generally omitted. ἘΣ, g. 


γερουσία, βουλῆ, γυμνασίω — -oic, -λῇ, -σίῳ (2782) 
39. The authography ᾧ, ἢ» @, as also the absurd expression 


Siptoyyor καταχρηστικαΐ, improper diphthongs, was introduced 
long after this , ceased to be pronounced. 


REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS. 307 


40. It must be observed, however, that in some of the less 
cultivated dialects (as the AXolic), the . subscript was often 
(not always) omitted, even during the flourishing period of the 
Greek language ; especially in the dative singular of the 
second declension (Gregor. Corinth. p. 606), and the third 
person singular of the subjunctive active. E. g. 


τὼ δάμω, ᾿Ελπινίκω - τῷ δάμῳ, ᾿Ελπινίκῳ (9529) 

χρυσέω, στεφάνω --- χρυσέῳ, στεφάνῳ (3640) 

τὰ ἐκκλησία --- τῷ ἐκκλησίᾳ (ibid. 

δόκη, maoyn — δοκῇ, πάσχῃ (1841; 1848 : 1850) 

ἐνδεύη, πάϑη, αἱρεϑῆ — ἐνδεύῃ, πάϑῃ, αἱρεϑῇ (2166 ; 2448) 
ἀγαγραφῆ, ἀνατεϑὴ --- ἀναγραφῇ, ἀνατεϑῇὴ (3640) 

Compare the Latin dat. sing. of the 2d declension; as domino. 


41. The formula ἐφ᾽ ᾧτε, on condition that, is always found 
egy wre, Without the . subscript; see Inscription 93; 1704. 


42. According to Buttmann (Larger Gram. § 116. n. 8), 
the « subscript under ἡ is ¢mproperly written in those forms of 
which no actual nominative, as. root, is extant; consequently 
πὴ» ὅπη, πάντη, ἀλλαχῇ. His theory, however, is contradicted 
by ὅπῃ, Doric ὅπᾳ, actually found in ancient inscriptions of 
undoubted authority (Boeckh. 1841; 1843; 3053). It is per- 
fectly clear, therefore, that the . under ἡ, in the forms πῇ, πῇ, 
ὅπῃ; 1s improperly omitted. 


.Aolic ao, oo, from avo, ove. 


43, When » is dropped before o, the A‘olic dialect Hogthens 
the preceding a, 0, into a, οἱ, respectively. E. g 


δικάσαις ---- δικάσας (δικασαντς, δικασανς) 

παΐίς, παῖσα ---- πᾶς, πᾶσα παντς πανς, παντσα πανσαὶ) 

οἰκήσοισι, ἐμμενέοισι ---- οἰκήσουσι, ἐμμενέουσι (οικησονσι, ἐμμε-- 
»εονσι) 

μοῖσα --- μοῦσα or μῶσα (μαοντσα; μαονσα, μαοισαὶ 


We may therefore assume that the common do, ova become, 
in the AZolic and Doric dialects, ao, ove only when they arise 
out of avo, ove. 

44, In the first declension, the AZolic dialect changes ag of 
the accusative plural into a. In the second declension, for 
the common ending ουὅς, it uses og. LE. g. 

ταὶς δίκαις — tag δίκας (3640) 

εἴκονας χρυσίαις - εἰκόνας χφυσέας (3524) 
κάττοις VOMOLG — κατὰ τοὺς νόμους (3040) 
στρατάγοις --- στραταγούς, στρατηγούς (ibid.) 
πρὸς τοὶς βασίληας ---- πρὸς τοὺς βασιλεῖς (2166, c) 


308 APPENDIX 1, 


This shows that the accusative plural of all the declensions 
is formed by annexing ¢ to the accusative singular ; thus τούς, 
ἀγαϑούς, τάς, ayadas come from τόνς, ἀγαϑόνς, tars, ἀγαϑάνς. 
In fact, τόνς for τούς, and πρειγευτάνς for πρειγευτάς (πρεσβευτάς) 
are found in some of the Cretan inscriptions (3050, 14; 3058, 4). 


45. Digammated Words in the Inscriptions. 


a Fvto — αὐτοῦ, from αὐτός (10) 

aoyetF ox, doubtful —*4gysios (29) 

aviaFudog — αὐλῳδός (1583) 

βακευ αι — for Βακεύᾳ, from Βακεύας, a man’s name 
(1639) 

δι ΕΠ τ for Ai, from Ζεύς, Aros (29) 

£0 F aovorg— Hoaoiorc, from Hoaovos (11) 

Fadecorg— Ηλείοις, from ᾿Ηλεῖος, an Elean (11) 

Fag yor — ἔργον (11) 

Faerav—Aorar, a man’s name (1569) 

Eavéiwy, the same as Faviswy— ἀξίων, from ἤάξιος, a 
native of “4&oc¢, Azos (3050). The other name of this 
city is Ὄαξος (Stephanus Byzantinus). ἴάξος is derived 
from ἄγνυμι (Fayw), and its original form was Fa£os, 
which was changed into "Oafoc. (Compare ᾿Οἱλεύς, from 
Fudevc, Rem. § 1.) 

Εελατια --- Ἐλάτεια, a city (1569) 

F shatini— Ἐλατειαίῳ, from ᾿Ελατειαῖος, a native of Elatea. 

Εξεπος — ἔπος (11) 

Fetog— ἔτος (11; 1569). This word was also pronounced 
ἕτος, with the rough breathing; hence the formula egery, 
that is, ἐφ᾽ ἕτη, for ἐπ᾽ ἔτη, in a later inscription (Gruter’s 
Inscript. p. cccxxvit.) ; also πενταξετηριδα, that is, πεν-- 
ταετηρίδα, in the Heraclean tables. 

Γι διος, the same as Fudsog—idioc, in the Heraclean 
tables. Compare Latin viduus. Ἴδιος was sometimes 
pronounced ὕδιος, with the aspirate, in the expression 
nad ov, that is, x09’ ἰδίαν, in the Tenian inscriptions, 
(2329 ; 2335). 

Fixate— εἴκατι, εἴκοσι (1569) 

ΕἸ σοτελια —iooredia, ἰσοτέλεια (1562; 1563) 

F ov — oi, from Ἵ (1565) ' 

Fouxta — οἰκία (4; 1565) 

F oatga— ῥδάτρα, δήτρα (11) 

Fuxca, Beotic — Forxca, οἰκία (1562; 1563; 1564) 

xitagaFudog— κιϑαρῳδός (1583) 

xo uaF vdog— κωμῳδός (ibid. ) 

6awaF vd oc— δαψῳδός (ibid.) 

toayvaPF vd00g— τραγῳδός (ibid.) 


“REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET. 


Oriental. 


ἽΝ ντνΐ; Ο τὺ ΓῸ; ΓΞ - τὶ. 115 


ἄλεῷ 
Bid 
γίμελ 
dared 


AP P.ENDLX. LI. 


Old Greek. 


AMAONFOPZE PAM OUND pop 


ἄλφα 
βῆτα 
γάμμα 
δέλσα 
εἶ 

βαῦ 
ζῆτα 
AT% 
Sara 
ἰῶτα 
κάσσα 
λάμβδα 


MH eRHAMAHO ZEP>RM OWNED IP 5 


Attic. 


New.. ὁ 


DM OeRHMYHONAZSE AMOMNED HD 


Greek, Latin. 
a. oe 
B B 
Τ' G 
A D 
E E 
poy 
Z Z 
H H 
© TH 
I 4, E> 
K C (K) 
A L 
M M 
NOOR 
σ᾽ 85 
O O 
II I 
Ξ Χ 
Ys τ 
P R 
Σ 
ἐὺ Τ 
Υ U, Y, V 
® PH 
Χ CH 
¥ PS 
η O 


310 : APPENDIX Il. 


1. The old Greek alphabet was the same as the Oriental. 
This is evident, 


(1.) From the names of the letters ; thus, ἄλφα, βῆτα, γάμμα, 
δέλτα, ei, βαῦ, &vc., are essentially the same as ἄλεφ, βήϑ,, γίμελ, 
δάλεϑ, ἢ, ova, &c. ᾿ 

(2.) From the rorm of the letters ; compare the old Greek 
letters with the Hebrew coin-letters; also with the Samaritan 
alphabet. (Rose’s Inscript. Grec. p. x1v.; see also the first 
forty-three inscriptions in Boeckh’s Corp. Inscript. Grec.) 


(3.) From their ARRANGEMENT; thus, ἄλφα; βῆτα, γάμμα, 
δέλτα, si, &c., numerically correspond to the Oriental aieg, βήϑ, 
γίμελ, δάλεϑ, ἢ, &c. In the new Attic alphabet, however, &% 
(τσαδή) occupies the place of otyya (σάμεχ) ; but this is un- 
important. 

(4.) From Trapirion. 


2. The old Attic alphabet is found in Attic inscriptions cut 
before the archonship of Euclides (B. C. 403). The new 
Attic (called also the Ionic) alphabet is the same as that used 
at the present day, and called ‘‘ the Greek alphabet.” 


E, Hi. 


3. In the old Greek alphabet, the character E represents 
the vowels «, ἡ, or the diphthong «. In the new Attic alpha- 
bet it represents ε, or εἰ. The diphthong εἰ, however, is often 
represented in the usual way (ΕΠ) even in Attic inscriptions 
cut before the archonship of Euclides. During the Alexan- 
drian period, it was generally represented by Er E. g. 


αϑεναιοι, maged0Fe — AFnvaior, παρεδόϑη (147) 
ευπειϑεσ, ἐπεστατε --- Εὐπείϑης, ἐπεστάτεν (76) 
ἐπιϑεναι, τρὲσ — ἐπιϑ sive, τρεῖς ( 160) 

οφελομενὰ, Movtaves — ὀφειλόμενα, πρυτάνεις (76) 
molec, sgyacto — πόλεις, εἴργαστο (75; 160 

μελεδαινεν, yoruatiler — μελεδαίνειν, χρηματίζειν (8; 80) 
ἐπειδαν, toate, — ἐπειδάν, πραϑῇ (7 

tet αϑεναιαι ---- τῇ ᾿Αϑηναίᾳ (76) 


4, The character H, in the old Greek alphabet, had the 
power of the Latin H; that is, it corresponded to the rough 
breathing (δασεῖα) of the later Greeks. It was often omitted. 

. g. 

Ἡιεροποιοι, Hoga — ἱεροποιοῖ, ὅσα (76) 

Hovtot, οσιον ---- οὗτοι, ὅσιον (ibid.) 

Ha, α, Hot, οι, Ηεδε, ε, αὧἷσ ---- ἅ, οἵ, ἥδε, ἢ, αἷς (ibid.) 


REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET. 911 


Heusgat, ἐμεραι, Hunagyvgov — ἡμέρᾳ, ὑπάργυρον (144 ; 139) 
Hexte, exter, Haysoardgos — ἕκτῃ, Ayjoavdgos (147 ; 1637) 


5. The aspirate H was also used in the middle of a word. 
Thus, we find | . 


τριΠεμιποδιοσ --- τριημιποδίους, from τρίς, ἡμιπόδιον (160) 
ἐν Ποδια — ἐνοδία, from ἐν, 0005 


Compare the Latin enhydris, enhydrus, from ἐγυδρίς, ἔνυδρος, 
compounded of ἐν and ὕδωρ" polyhistor, πολυΐστωρ (πολύς, 
ἵστωρ); Polyhymnia, from πολύς, ὕμνος. Also the barbarous 
word Sanhedrim, from συνέδριον (σύν, ἕδρα). ---- We may sup- 
pose however that the aspirate H was as frequently omitted in 
the middle of a compound werd, as it was at the beginning. 
In fact we find παρεδροι (147, 20), for wnemnen) that is πα- 
ρέδρῳ, compounded of παρά and ἕδρα. 


6. When a smooth mute (x, π, τ) came in contact with the 
aspirate H, it was changed into its corresponding rough mute 
(z, φ, 9), and H disappeared. In the old language, however, 
the combinations KH, ΠΗ, TH were sounded like y, g, 3, re- 
spectively. (See below.) E. g. 


δεχήμερος, originally deKHeusgoo (δεκα, snener) 
ἀφίημι --- allHew (απο, Ηϊεμ) 
καϑαιρέω — καΤ ἤαιρεο (κατα, Hoigeo) 


The same change took place when, of two successive words, 
the first ended in a smooth mute, and the second began with 
the aspirate ἢ. E. g. 


xa exaotov (76, 21), from κατά, ἕκαστον ---- xe THexactov 
ἐφ ημιν (ἐπί, ἡμῖν) - ἐπ ῆΠεμιν 
οὐχ ἐψομαν (οὐκ, ἕψομαι) — oK Hepoopas 
It is clear therefore that in such cases the rough mute arises 
from the connection of the smooth mute with the aspirate 7, 
and that the latter disappears after the change. Nevertheless, 
. in order not to disturb the usual orthography of the second 
word, the rough breathing is suffered to retain its place ; thus, 
instead of καϑ' ἕκαστον, ἐφ᾽ ημῖν, οὐχ ἐψομαι, we write nad? 
ἕκαστον, ἐφ᾽ ἡμῖν, οὐχ ἕψομαι, which mode of writing is incor- 
rect inasmuch as it repeats the aspirate H; thus, x«THHexa- 
στον», ΣΠΗΠεμιν, oKHHegoouci. 


7. The aspirate H is never found in connection with P or 
PP. Thus, we find ρεγινοισ (74), αρραβδοτοσ (160), πυρροσ 
(167), απορραινονται (138), for our “Ῥηγίνοις, ἀῤῥαβδώτους, 
Πύῤῥος, ἀποῤῥαίνονται. It is fair therefore to suppose that the 


312 APPENDIX Il. 


orthography ¢ was ἜΡΕΌΘΕΝΣ by the later Greeks in order to 
indicate the rolling sound of at the beginning of a word. 
When 9 was doubled in the middle of a word, only the second 
one was rolled; hence the orthography ὁ, as ἄῤῥδητος. ---- The 
ancient Grammarians placed the rough breathing also over @ 
after a rough mute (9, φ, χΧ); aS ϑύόνος, apéog’ and the 
smooth breathing over g after a smooth mute (τ, 2, x); as 
“Argevs, κάπρος. (Villoison. Anecd. Gree. Vol. II. p. 114.) — 
The Romans indicated the rolling sound of @ by placing an ἢ 
after it; as ῥαψῳδία, ῥυϑμός, Πύῤῥος, rhapsodia, rhythmus, 
Pyrrhus. 


8. In the course of time, the character 7 became a vowel. 
Thus, in the new Attic alphabet it is always the same as our 
Ns that i is, it stands for long Bu Ἐκ. 


μηνός, ᾿Αϑήνησι (158, A) 


9. The diphthong 77, even in inscriptions cut after the 
time of Euclides, is not unfrequently represented after the old 
method, that is, by Er E. g. εξελϑει, sumer, επιψηφίσει, for 
ἐξέλϑῃ, εἴπη, ἐπιψηφίσῃ, (93.) 

10. After 77 became a vowel, the character - , resembling 
the first half of 4, was employed to denote the rough breath- 
ing. This character is found in the name Γι δρίεως, from 
᾿Ιδριεύς, in an Ionic inscription (2919). Also, in the Heracle- 
an Tables; as πενταετηριδα (see above, 5), compounded 
of πέντε, ae frog for ἔτος. Also, 1 in Bieening and Heraclean 
coins; as kyegaxdniwy, that is “πρακληίων (Eckhel. Vol. I. 
pp. 148. 153). See also Villoison. Anecd. Grec. Vol. II. pp. 
144, 122.—In process of time this character became €, which 
coincided with one of the later forms of κ᾽ (Inscript. 246 et 
seq.). This being further modified produced the Byzantine 
rough breathing (°).— The character 4, resembling the 
second half of ΗΓ. was employed by the Grammarians to de- 
note the smooth breathing (ψιλή), which, properly speaking, 
required no representative. This character, by a series of 
changes analogous to those of the rough breathing, became (” ). 
We observe here that the entooth breathing is not found in any 
inscription. 


11. According to the Grammarians, the AX®olians did not 
use the rough breathing ; “ of Αἰολεῖς ἀγνοοῦσι τὴν δασεῖαν." 
We suppose further, that the Ionians, who delighted in smooth 
sounds, did not use it much; thus, ‘they pronounced κατάπερ 
(κατ᾽ dng), ἀπικέσϑαι (ἀπό, sata Suit), οὐκ ἥδεται, for καϑάπερ 
(xaTHaneg), ἀφικέσϑαι (αΠΠικεσϑαι), οὐχ ἥδεται (0K Hedetou).— 


REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET. 313 


The following passage from Aristotle (Elench. 4, 8) clearly 
shows that, in his time, the adverb ov, where, differed from ov, 
no, not, only in the accent; that is, the former was pronounced 
ov, and the latter ov. ““ Τὸν Ὅμηρον ἔνιοι διορϑοῦνται πρὸς 
τοὺς ἐλέγχοντας ὡς ἀτόπως εἰρηκότα “τὸ μὲν οὗ καταπύϑεται 
ὄμβρῳ [1|. 29, 9281 + λύουσι γὰρ αὐτὸ τῇ προσῳδία λέγοντες τὸ 
οὔ ὀξύτερον. Nothing about the rough breathing of οὗ, where. 


12. The true name of the vowel E is εἶ, not ὃ ψιλόν. (Plat. 
Cratyl. 23; Athen. 10, 79.) The epithet ψιλόν, smooth, not 
aspirate, was subjoined to it by the later Greeks in order to 
distinguish it from the character denoting the rough breathing 
(δασεῖα), which, as we have already stated, coincided with one 
of the later forms of # (see above, 11). It cannot be satisfac- 
torily proved that the early Greeks ever gave it the sound 
of ἡ. 


Ο, £2. 


13. In the old Greek alphabet, the character O represents 
the vowels ο, ὦ, or the diphthong ov. In the new Attic al- 
phabet, it represents o or ov. The diphthong ov however is 
often represented in the usual way (OY) even in inscrip- 
tions cut before the archonship of Euclides, especially in the 
words οὗτος, ov, οὐκ. During the Alexandrian period this diph- 
thong was generally represented by or. E. g. 


ἀποφαιῖνοντον, anodova: — ἀποφαινόντων, ἀποδοῦναι (76) 
διαχερίζοσιν, οπισϑοδομο --- διαχειρίζουσιν, ὀπισϑοδόμου (76) 
Hexaoto, exactot — ἑκάστου, ἑκάστῳ (160; 76) 

οὐκ OF ox, οὐδε, Totoy — οὐκ, οὐδέ, τούτων (160) 

Heo, 80, Hitgov — ἕω, ἱερῶν (160; 158, B 

Ἡδεκατονπεδοι, tor δεμοι ----Εκατομπέδῳ, τῷ δήμῳ (140; 76) 


14. In the new Attic alphabet, 0 long is represented by the 
comparatively later character 2. Εἰ, g. τῶν πόλεων, ἰδιώτης, 
᾿Αϑηναίων, (158, A.) 


15. The diphthong J, even in inscriptions cut long after 
the introduction of 2, is sometimes represented after the old 
method, that is, by OF E. g. των ολυνπιοι, tov δαμοι, βωμοι, 
σωσιγοι, for τῷ Ὀλυμπίῳ, τῷ δάμῳ, βωμῷ, Σωσίνῳ, (99; 1565; 
185 ; 837.) | 

16. The true names of these two vowels are ov and a, not 
0 μικρόν, ὦ μέγα. (Plat. Cratyl. 23; Athen. 10, 79). ‘The epi- 
thets μικρόν, small, and μέγα, large, were introduced in later 
times, and had reference to the comparative size of these 

27 


314 . APPENDIX II. 


vowels; they simply imply that the character o is smaller than 
ω. We cannot suppose that 0 was called μικρόν merely be- 
cause it was often made smaller than the other letters in the 
same inscription (as 1102), for all the round letters (0, 2, O) 
were not unfrequently made smaller than the rest (see Boeckh. 
99; 102). Further, if we suppose that O was called μικρόν 
because it was smaller than the other letters, then we must ad- 
mit that .2 was called μέγα because it was larger than the rest; 
which is ποΐ ἃ fact. , 


17. During the most flourishing period of the language, 
both vowels of the diphthong OT were most probably distinctly 
heard. The Beotians however sounded Or like a simple vowel, 
most probably like oo in moon (long), book (short). On this 
subject, Eustathius (ad ἢ]. 1, 10) remarks, ‘‘ »d00c¢, νοῦσος 
κατὼ τοὺς Ἴωνας, μηκυνομένους τὸ O τῇ προσλήψει τοῦ YT, οὗπερ 
ἀνάπαλιν ot Βοιωτοὶ ποιοῦσι, κατὰ τὴν “Hoaxdsidov παράδοσιν, 
προστιϑέντες αὐτοὶ τῷ T διχρόνῳ τὸ μικρὸν Ο, καὶ βραχυνομένου 
μέν, φησι, βραχύνοντες, μηκυνομέγου δὲ μηκύνοντες; τὸ ὕλη οὔλη 
λέγοντες, καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ οὔδωρ᾽" ᾿᾿ words which imply that, in 
the Beotic dialect, ΟΥ̓ was not ἃ diphthong in the strictest 
sense of the term. Thus, in οὔδωρ, σούν, ἀργούριον, it was 
short ; in οὔλη, ἀσουλία, long. — After the Alexandrian period, 
the Beeotic sound of this diphthong became general. We 
have already observed that in the time of Dionysius (about 
A. Ὁ. 1) it was pronounced like French ow. — It is observed 
further that the Romans represented Or by U; as, Θουκυδίδης, 
Thucydides ; Θρασύβουλος, Thrasybulus. On the other hand, 
the Greeks usually represented the Roman U by ΟΥ̓́, as “Iov- 
λιος, Julius. — Further, the Greeks of the Roman period rep- 
resented the Latin V either by ΟΥ̓́, or B. Ἐπ g. 


Οὐῆρος or Βῆρος --- Verus (1318; 191) 
Οὐαλέριος OF Βαλέριος ---- Valerius (192; 2055, δ) 
Φλαούιος, Pho Siac — Flavius, Flavia (3695, e ; 2944, δὴ 


AI, ΟἹ, QI. 


18. In some of the Beeotic inscriptions, the diphthongs a, 
a, m are represented by 4E, OL. Thus ἀεσχρονδασ (1599), for 
Αἰσχρώνδας, Aaschrondas ; πλαυχαε (1647), for “λαύχᾳ, from 
Πλαύχας, Plauchas ; Διονυσοε (1599), for Διονύσῳ, from Aovv- 
coc, Dionysos. It is clear therefore that the early Greeks 
sometimes used AE, OF, for αἱ, @, οι, ». —'The Romans rep- 
resented the Greek diphthongs 41, OF, QI, by ae, 06; as Αἰσχύ- 
hos, Aischylus ; Οἴτη, CGEta; κωμῳδός, comedus; τραγῳδός, 


REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET. 315 


tragedus. The diphthong 7 is represented also by O; as 
wn, ode or oda; ῥαψῳδία, rhapsodia, 
F, 7. 

19. It has already been stated that the prototype of F is the 
Oriental ἡ, and that it was called Ζέίγαμμα merely on account 
of its form. It has also been remarked that 7 is its corres- 
ponding vowel. (Rem. §§ 1: 3.) — We observe here that in 
the Heraclean tables, and in one of the Cretan inscriptions 
(Boeckh. 3050), the form of the digamma is €, which has 
often been mistaken for one of the later forms of > This 
character is the prototype of the numeral ¢, which is some- 
times mistaken for the abbreviation ¢ for στ thus, instead of 
ς, is, xs, We sometimes meet with the absurd combinations oz, 
LOT, “OT. 


20. With respect to the character J, it is evidently a modi- 
fication of one of the forms of the Phenician (or old Hebrew) 
Vau. (See Gesenius’s Hebrew Grammar.) 


21. Originally 7 had no name; it was simply called and 
written 7. (Plat. Cratyl. 23; Athen, 10, 79). After the dis- 
appearance of its prototype Ε΄, it was in certain words sub- 
stituted in its place; thus, the old words «Fata, «Fade», 
xo F Fofaee were in later times written avata, ἔναδεν, καυάξαις. 
When it was used as a vowel, the epithet ψιλόν, smooth, was 
appended to it by the later Greeks. (Compare ὃ ψιλον.) 


22. The Latin combination EV before a vowel was repre- 
sented either by ev or s8* as Severus, Σευῆρος or Σεβῆρος, 
(2154, 6; 2181.) This shows that, when the Attic dialect 
was dying, ev was pronounced like εβ, or like the Roman ev. 


OG, ox. 


23. It is not absurd to suppose that the early Greeks, in 
imitation of the Phcenicians, represented the rough mutes 
(9, p, x) by 7, 2, K. Thus they wrote TEOS, EPO, KEP, 
for owe φέρω, χείρ. Of this however there is no positive 
proof. : 


24. The next step was to represent these rough sounds by 
the combinations TH, ΠΗ͂, KH. This is not a mere hypothe- 
sis, for in a very ancient inscription we find ex77Havto1, ἀμεν-- 
IHeo, yoollHov, ensuKHousvoo, for our ᾿Ἐκφάντῳ, ἀμεμφές; 
Τρόφων, ἐπευχόμενος. Compare the Latin ΤῊ, PH, CH, for 
the Greek 9, y, zy. (See also Priscian. p..542 et seq.; Boeckh 


Φ 


316 APPENDIX II. 


on the 3d Inscript.) After the introduction of 0, Φ, Χ, these 
combinations were dispensed with. , 


25. The prototype of Θ is evidently the Oriental {%. It is 
not absurd to suppose that the Phenician sound of this letter 
was something like tw, and that the Greeks for a long time 
considered it a superfluous letter, because they could not dis- 
tinguish it from 7. 


26. Φ and X are modifications of and Κ΄. (See Rose’s 
Inscript. Grec. p. xiv.) As to the names of these letters, 
gi, zi, the former was suggested by πὶ, and the latter by & 
(ui, yor). 

Z, % W. 


‘27. Z corresponds to the Oriental Zain. During the most 
flourishing period of the language it was most probably pro- 
nounced like 24. (See Dionys. Hal.de Compos. ὃ 14; Sext. 
Empir, advers. Gram. 1, 5; Villoison. Anecd. vol. II. p. 121.) 
After the Alexandrian period it was probably pronounced 
like English z. At any rate, the expression of Dionysius, “ jov- 
χῆ τῷ στόματι Saovyerou,” implies that in his time it was not a 
double consonant, in the strictest sense of the term. — We 
cannot suppose that it was ever pronounced like 43, because 
the Greeks always avoided this combination ; thus, from ἄδω 
they formed gow, joa, uever ἄζω, ἤζα. ---- The Dorians generally 
employed the combination Σ᾽ for Z* as, μελίσδεται, for μελέζε- 
tat. — We observe here, that adverbs in -af are formed by 
annexing -ds to the accusative plural of the primitive; as 
‘Adjvate for ᾿Αϑήνασδε, to Athens, from ᾿4ϑῆναι, -ἤνας. 


28. The prototype of 7 is the Oriental ¥. At first it was 
considered a superfluous letter, because the combination TY 
was always avoided by the Greeks. In process of time it 
became the representative of xs. ‘There is reason, however, 
for supposing that in most of the less cultivated dialects it was 
equivalent to KS. Thus, the AXolians used xo for &* as, χσένος 
for ξένος (Gregor. Corinth. pp. 613. 661); further, we find 
eK Sou for δέξαι from δέχομαι (Boeckh, Inscript. 3). Compare 
σκίφος, σκιφίζει, σκιφίας, for ξίφος, ξιφέζει, ξιφίας, in Hesychius. 

29. With respect to the names ζῆτα and ξῦ, the former is evi- 
dently a modification of τσαδή, and the latter of ζαΐν which 
shows that the early Greeks confounded the names of these 
two letters ; ζῇ and ξἕῆτα would have been more correct. 


30. The character y represented the combination @>. In 
many of the less cultivated dialects, however, it represented 


REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET. 317 


ΠΣ. Thus, the Aolians used ao for y* as, πέλοπς, “Agaune, 
for Iélow, “Agay. (Gregor. Corinth. pp. 613. 616; Villoison. 
Anecdot. Gree. Vol. 11. p. 121; Diomed. p. 417, Putsch.) — 
With respect to the name of this letter, yi, it was suggested 
by gi, or xi. Compare &, yi. | 


31. The Athenians, during the most flourishing period of 
their dialect, pronounced 3, ¥, like X >, 3, respectively, 
Further, in Attic inscriptions cut before the archonship of 
Euclides (B. C. 403), we invariably find x3, ΦΣ, for % ¥° 
as, προχσεένοσ, ξφσέφιστο, for πρόξενος, ἐψήφιστο. ---- Hence the 
following rules. , 


Rute I. In the Attic dialect, a palatal (x, y) before o was 
changed into y. A labial (2, 8) before « was changed into q. 
The aspirates φ and y, of course, underwent no change before 
eB αὶ 

εδοχ-σεν ---- εδοκ-σεν, ἔδοξεν, from δοκέω, JOKNR (76) 

χσυνελεχ-σαμεν --- ξυνελεγ-σαμεν, ξυνελέξαμεν, from ξυλλέγω (145) 

παραδεχ-σασϑον ---- παραδεξάσϑων, from παραδέχομαι (76) 

γρυφ--σ — γρυπ-ς, γρύψ gen. γρυπός (139) 

aveyouy-cuv — ἀνέγραψαν, from ἀναγράφω (160) 


Rore II. In most of the less cultivated dialects, a palatal 
before o was changed into x, and a labial into π. ; 


In process of time, the latter rule became general ; that is, 
£ and y were by the later Greeks sounded like xo and ao re- 
spectively. (Dionys. Hal.. de Compos. § 14; Sext. Empir, 
advers. Gram. 1,5; Villoison. Anecd, Vol. II. p. 121.) Com- 
pare such Latinized words as apsis, rhapsodia, from awis, 
ῥαψῳδία. - 


Ly, =; D, ?. 


32. The original form of σίγμα (corresponding to the Ori- 
ental Samech) was 4, seen in many of the most ancient in- 


scriptions (as the Elean). Compare the Samaritan Samech, 
— This figure slightly modified became S, the same as the 
Latin S. It is the prototype of s, ¢, a, and the βόστρυχος 
εἷλιγμένος Of Euripides (fragm. Thes.). See also Boeckh. In- 
script. 8; 10; &c. 


33. The original form of sa» (corresponding to the Oriental 
Shin) was Σ, the same as the old Hebrew Shin. The Greeks 
pronounced it liké σίγμα, most probably because they disliked 
the sound SH, peculiar to its prototype Shin. — This figure 


318 _ APPENDIX II. 


modified became ff, seen in some of the later inscriptions. Its 
latest form is C (a modification of 2), seen in some of the latest 
inscriptions, and also in the earliest manuscripts. — In the 
Septuagint, the sound of the Oriental Shin is represented by 
zo° thus, ῥήχς, for rhesh; χσέν, for shin. . . 


34, It is clear therefore that σ and were originally two 
different letters, and that the early Greeks confounded the 
latter with the former. It is also well known that the σέγμα 
of the Ionians and other tribes was called Σὰν by the Dorians 
(Herod. 1, 139; Dionys. Hal. de Comp. § 14; Athen. 10, 
81), from which confusion of names one might infer that the 


early Ionians used only £7, σίγμα, and the early Dorians only 
Σ, Sav. —It is hardly necessary to remark here, that in the 
new Attic alphabet, σέγμα occupies the place of Say, and that 
the characters 5, ς, σ, in our Greek alphabet, are each called 


σίγμα. 


35. With respect to the later numeral character ΩΝ, found 
only in manuscripts, and called XSeuni, it is a modification of 
Suv (125), and looks as much like its prototype as ¢ does like 
F. Its name, Σαμπῖ, is compounded of Se» and 777, and is as 
fanciful as the compound Δίγαμμα, the epithet of But. The 
most reasonable hypothesis is, that the character Z)\ was so 
called by the later Greeks (or, if you please, the Alexandrian 
Grammarians) merely because it had the appearance of an 
abbreviation for C (one of the later forms of =) and sz that 
is, C resting upon yw. The supposition, that Σαμπὶ means 
“ Σὰν which stood next to Zi,” is not satisfactory, because 
the character’ ὯΔ was never used as a letter of the alphabet, 
and consequently never stood next to 77. In the numeri- 
cal system it stands next to 2° as to its prototype Suv, it 
stands between P and T. 


36. The letter Konno (corresponding to the Oriental (2) 
was by the Greeks pronounced like Kenna, probably be- 
cause their vocal organs were ‘not well adapted to Oriental 
sounds. It was chiefly used by the Greeks of Italy and 
Sicily. It is observed further, that it is usually followed by 
the vowelo. E.g. | 


λυ 9 οδορκασ, συραφ oovov — Avxodoguas, Svgaxoviwr, (Boeckh. 
166; Eckhel. Vol. I. p. 170). 


37. The Latin Q is the same as the Greek Κόππα. By the 
ancient Italians it was sounded like C (K). The combina- 


REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET. 319 


tion QU is equivalent to Oriental ) (kw), and has the power 


of a single consonant. (Priscian. p. 543. as The later Greeks 
represented the Latin qu ik “0° aS Koivtos, for Quintus. 
(2870.) 


38. The characters 9 and = were used also as brands 
(καύματα) on horses, which thus branded were respectively 


called κοππατίαι, Koppa-branded, and σαμφόραι (σάν, φέρω), 
San-branded. (Arist. Nub, 23. 498, 112, 298 ; Athen. 11, 30.) 


39. In the later numerical system, Κόππα stands for 90, 
and Σαμπὶ for 900. ee Greek Grammars.) 


APPENDIX 171, 


- REMARKS ON PARTICULAR WORDS. 


(Boeckh’s Inscriptions.) 


ayoéw, AXolic for αἱρέω, aor. pass. part. ἀγρέϑεντες (2166), for 
the common. α͵ρεϑέντες " perf. pass. part. προαγρημμένω 
(3524), for the common προῃρημένου " the doubling of μ is 
an A®olic peculiarity. The latter form may possibly be 
pres. pass. from AI‘PHMI, after the analogy of διζήμενος 
from δίζημαι. Verbal adjective &yestos, Occurring in the 
' compounds αὐτάγρετος, παλινάγρετος. 
It is formed from 4P/, the theme of αἱρέω, by inserting 
y after αν, and changing ὦ into ἕω. Compare a ἄγρυπνος, from 
a-, and ὕπνος (Hunvoo) ; ; ἀκροάομαι, from ἀκούω (AKON); 
δαρδάπτω from dantw.— We cannot suppose that it was 
formed from ᾿αἱρέω by changing ὁ into 7» because there is no 
affinity between 1 and y- As to gaia, it is formed from 
‘PAT, the theme of ῥήγνυμι, by dropping y and lengthening 
the penult. 
“Αρτασέσσης, -σσεω, Ionic for * Agrakigsns, -ov. (2919.) 
ἀφεστάλκαμεν, later, for ἀπεστάλκαμεν, implying ἑστάλκαμεν, with 
the rough breathing. (2852.) Compare ἕστηκα from ἵστημι 
(STAR). 
ἐξαιϑραπεύω or ἐξσατραπεύω, for the common otgamevw to be 
a satrap, (2691; 2919.) For the insertion of o after ἕ 
(yo, xo), compare Latin mazsumo, for maxumo, from mazu- 
mus. (Montfaucon’s Antiquity, Vol. 11, p. 269.) 
ἐξηργάσατο, for ἐξειργάσατο, from ἐξεργάξομαι. (456, a.) 
πέτταρες, πειταράκοντα, in the Beotic inscriptions {1669} for 
τέτταρες, τετταράκοντα. Compare πίσυρες. 
ποέω, 868 ποιέω in the Catalogue. 


SOPHOCLES’ AND FELTON’S 


SERIES OF GREEK TEXT BOOKS 


ων 


H. HUNTINGTON, 
180 Mlain street, Hartford, 


Has recently published the following works, introductory tothe 


STUDY OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE. 


PASE 


he: 


I. A GREEK GRAMMAR FOR THE USE OF 
LEARNERS. By E. A. Sopnocies, a. M., author 
of ‘* Greek Lessons.” Seventh edition. pp. 284. 12mo. 


* * * The parts seem well suited, in respect to length, to each 


other, and there is a decided spirit of unity pervading the work, se 


In the first place, I was struck with the happy manner in which 


the laws of euphony are laid down, by which so many seeming» αι 


anomalies are explained. In the second part, the tables of 
anomalies are excellent; and those of second aorists and second 
perfects, appear in a Grammar, I believe, for the first time. 

The Syntax, too, is equally happy, and the author’s transla- 
tions of the examples under the rules, are as good as any I have 
ever seen. On the whole, I know of no elementary Grammar 
which fulfils the demands which are made by the present state 
of this science, more completely than that of Mr. Sophocles.— 
ed ἜΝ. Wootsey, Professor of Greek in -Yale College. 


The: merits of Mr. Sophocles’ Greek Grammar have come to 
- be well understood; and: it is gradually passing into’ general 
use in our schools and academies. The clearness and condens- 
ation, which are its marked characteristics, will strongly recom- 
mend it to instructers. Mr. Sophocles is well known, as a gen- 
_ tleman of extraordinary attainments in Greek literature, and of 
a clear and logical mind. The fact of his being a native Greek, 

added to his familiar acquaintance, from long and laborious 


* 2 SOPHOCLES’ AND FELTON’S 


τ study, with the ancient classics, gives him a great advantage 
over the authors of most of our grammars; an advantage that 
will be more highly appreciated, the more the modern Greek is 
studied in connection with its ancient mother. To sucha man, 
the Greek i is far from being a dead language. In his mind, its 
words « excite the living images of country and of home, the sen- 
timents belonging to his nationality, the feelings native to his 
heart. Many a delicacy of expression, many a refinement of 
construction, must be perceptible to him, that escapes the notice 
a of the learned Hellenists of other nations. And when he com- 
. - poses a grammar of the ancient language of his country, he 
does it not from books alone; but he writes with the conscious- 
ness of “inward Hellenism,” and with a confidence and clear- 

_ ness that no other can. 
πος The first edition of this (Grammar was noticed in a former 
number of this Journal. The second edition contains many i im- 
provements upon that; some important additions; some in- 
stances of filling out the forms more completely than before. 
The rules of the Syntax are worded with admirable precision ; 
and the examples to illustrate them are taken from the best 
. auithors. We have no-hesitation in saying, that, for thorough- 
q ἐν ness and completeness, for lucid order and terseness of expres- 
"sion, this Grammar is unsurpassed by any in the English lan- 
guage; and we hope, for the sake of classical learning in the 
country, that it will come into extensive use.— Second notice by 


North American Review, July, 1840. 


It is a work of great original research, eminently fraught with 
learning, and generally arranged with skill. I shall not fail to 
commend it to the use of my pupils; and I do not hesitate to 
recommend it for general use. Iam particularly pleased with 
the copiousness and pertinence of its examples, and its very 
full enumeration of exceptions. Mr. Sophocles’ manner of pre- 
senting the second aorist and the second future, is far more sat- 
isfactory to me than the usual way. The (Θ᾽ yntar is at once 
simple and philosophical ; and the whole work is constructed on 
that happy medium which makes it an invaluable book of refer- 
ence for the advanced scholar, and, at the same time, a simple 
and easy introduction for the begiiner!——W: S. Ty tiie, Pro- 
Sessor of Greek in Amherst College. " 


a Γ᾿ 


GREEK TEXT BOOKS. 


I have examined, with some attention, the grammar prepared 
by Mr: Sophocles. It appears to be a work of great care and 
research. The author has spared no pains to make the work 
perfect, and if he has not reached entirely the point at which he 
aimed, he has succeeded in supplying us with a work better 
adapted to the wants of the community than any ofits predeces- 
sors. With the laws of euphony, and the tables | of anomalies, 
and of the second perfect and second aorist, I am well pleased. 
The Syntax is full, simple, and well arranged. I consider the 


chapter on versification, though brief, valuable. I have no hesi- — 
tation in recommending it to general use.—Asa Drury, Pro- — 


Sessor of Greek in Waterville College. 


The editor has generally referred, in his notes, to the Greek 


δήσας 


¥ 


Grammar of Mr. Sophocles, because he is satisfied that it isthe 


Grammar best adapted to the wants of American classical 
schools. The clearness and precision of the rules, the excel- 
lence of the arrangement, and the felicitous selection of exam- 
ples, place that work at the head of the numerous elementary 
Grammars of the Greek language, that are at. present used in 
the United States. Με. Sophocles ai that accurate knowledge 


of all the niceties of the Greek language, which can hear 8 * 7" 
expected of any other than a native Greek; and without dispar- Ὁ 


Wey 


a 


agement to the valuable labors of other able scholars in this de- 
partment, the preference is justly to be awarded to him.— Er- 
tract from Professor FE.ton’s preface to the Greek pisses 


Sopuocies’ GREEK GRAMMAR.—A second εἰ δα of this 
Grammar, in a beautiful style of typography, has appeared from 
the University Press at Cambridge, Mass. We have already 
called the attention of teachers and students to the work. Its 
value has become widely known, and it has been adopted as a 
text book at Yale and Harvard, and in many of our best classi- 
cal caer dace μὰν North American. ; 


I have no hesitation in recommending Sophocles’ Greek 
Grammar to the notice of classical teachers. Indeed, the fact 
of its ee ΩΝ its third edition in so short a time from its 


first publication, is a proof that its merits are already apprecia- 
ted.—S. Torren, ἢ. v., President of Washington College. 
rah ᾧ 
* ‘ 
“ Ἐ 
a . + 
tS, ἐγ 


cae 
a 
Br iat 


q jae 

Bi, Ave 
Wey < 
bas ν᾽ 


A SOPHOCLES’ AND FELTON’S 


a: ‘GREEK LESSONS, adapted to the author’s Greek 


οἰ Grammar. For the use of beginners. By E. A. 
_ Sornoctes, A. M., author of a ‘“‘ Greek Grammar,” 
ον © Greek Exercises, witha Key.” 18mo. pp. 116. This 
work is designed by the author to take the place of 
the First Lessons in Greek, by the same author. 
This is a useful work for beginners in the Greek Grammar. 
It contains a series of well selected sentences to illustrate the 


_ grammatical forms, followed by brief notes, and a vocabulary 


of the words used. The arrangement is judicious, and the book 
is marked by the author’s usual precision, terseness and skill. 
—North American Review, April, 1843. 


Ill. A GREEK READER FOR THE USE OF 
SCHOOLS: containing selections in Prose and Po- 
etry, with English notes and a Lexicon: adapted par- 

' ticularly to the Greek Grammar of E. A. Sopnoc.es, 
A. M., by Ὁ. C. Fetton, a. m., Eliot Professor of Greek 
Literature in Harvard University. pp. 422. 12mo. 
2d edition. Stereotyped. 

The text of the second edition of the Greek Reader has 
been revised, and broken into shorter paragraphs. No al- 
teration has been made, except to change the arrangement 
so far as to bring the extract from Herodotus directly be- 
fore that from Homer; and nothing has been added except 
a selection of one page from the Greek epigrams. The 
notes have been corrected and enlarged, and the deficien- 
cies of the Lexicon have been carefully supplied, so far as 
known, both with regard to the words and definitions. 


This work, from the hands of one of the most distinguished 
Greek scholars in the United. States, has just issued from the 
press. The publisher had already, within a year or two, offered 
to the public two of the very best elementary books on the Greek 


GREEK TEXT BOOKS. | 5 


language which have ever appeared, either in this coon ᾿ 


other country. We allude to the Greek Grammar, and Fi 
Lessons in Greek, by Εἰ. A. Sophocles. In publishing the pres- 
ent work, he has rendered the cause of Greek learning another 
very essential service. It is such a work as might ‘have been 
expected from a gentleman of the taste and scholarship which 
distinguish Professor Felton; containing some “of the choicest 
selections from the choicest portions of Greek literature. The 
fables of AXsop will interest the young learner by their pointed 
wit ; the dialogues of Lucian, by their satire and humor; the se- 
lections from Xenophon will engage his attention by the simpli- 
city and elegance of their style; Herodotus and Thucydides 
will afford him a refreshing draught at the very fountain of 
historical knowledge; the odes of Anacreon will amuse him by 
their light and playful fancy ; while the extracts from Euripides 
and Aristophanes will serve to give him a taste of the Grecian 
drama, and awaken a desire for a more perfect ἀλλ πω 
with its peculiar character. 

The extracts from the different authors are neither so long, on 
the one hand, as to weary the learner with too much of the same 
thing, nor, on the other, so short as to fail of interesting, by hur- 
rying from author to author, without giving him more than a 
glimpse of any one in particular. Professor Felton has not 
hashed up ZEsop, and Lucian, and Herodotus, and Xenophon, 
and Anacreon, and presented them to the student in the form of 
mince meat, but he has given enough of each author to initiate 
the learner into his peculiar manner and style. Not only so, 
but he presents him with something from each of the different 
departments of Greek literature—fable, history, dialogue, ora- 
tory, and poetry in its different forms of the ode, the epic, and 
the drama. 


The notes to each author are prefaced with a brief account of 


his life, so much of it as it becomes the student to be acquainted 
with before commencing the study of his works; and instead of 
being written in the Latin tongue, as such notes used to be, 
they are, together with the Lexicon, written in good plain 
English. 

On the whole, the work cannot fail of being pronounced, by 
good judges, an edindbabie introduction to the study of the Greek 
writera; adapted to an admirable Greek Grammar, and in the 


1* 


εἷὰ 


6 SOPHOCLES’ AND FELTON’S 


hands of apt teachers and learners, it cannot fail to contribute 
to the formation.of admirable scholars in that most perfect of all 
the infinitely diversified modes of human speech—the Ancient 
Greek.— Congregationalist. 
wg: | 

The work which lies before us, and which has called forth 
these remarks, is a new selection of extracts from the most cele- 
brated Greek writers, by Professor Felton, entirely different, as 
regards the passages selected, from any heretofore known on 
this side the Atlantic, and varying somewhat, although slightly, 
in its plan, from those in general use. 


We will premise that the Greek type is excellent, and al- 
though of rather a small face, singularly distinct, clear, and 
legible. The fables selected from AAsop are the best and most 
elegant of his beautiful collection; nor do we at all think the 
editor has inserted too many. With regard to his next author, 
Lucian, we cannot go quite so far; notwithstanding his popu- 
larity with the young, and the general accuracy of his style, 
yet he is not a favorite of ours, nor ever has been. 


With Professor Felton’s extracts from Xenophon, that purest 
and most entertaining of all ancient writers, we are delighted. 
He has done well in not limiting his selections to the Cyrope- 
dia, the least able and least interesting of all his works; and he 
has done well in giving place to the beautiful episode of Abra- 
dates and Panthea, instead of the usually extracted puerilities 
about the wondrously loquacious childhood of the Persian prince. 
From the Anabasis, also, the very best of the whole, in our esti- 
mation, has been culled out, the spirited and graphic second, 
which, with all the authenticity of the gravest history, blends all 
the interest of the wildest fiction, commencing with the desper- 
ate situation of the Greeks after the battle of Cynaxa, and the 
death of Cyrus, and ending with the characters of the five 
Greek commanders taken off by the base ireachery of Tissa- 
phernes, the portraits of Clearchus, of Menon, being the master- 
pieces of that age, the models of all later eras, as specimens of 
historical portrait painting. From the Hellenics, we have the 
stirring tale of Thrasybulus when he sat “sublime on Phyle’s 
brow,” and how he conquered the oppressive thirty. These 
three selections give a very complete specimen of all the vari- 


Piaf 


GREEK TEXT BOOKS. 4 


ous powers and yarious beauties of this accomplished general 
and statesman, and philosopher, and author. <A portion of the 
Sicilian expedition has been chosen, and that we think with 
judgment, from Thucydides. A single long extract from Herod- 
otus, and a part of the superb funeral oration of Lysias, com- 
plete the prose selections, which we have no hesitation in pro- 
nouncing, as vastly superior to the collection in Jacob's, or any 
other Greek reader we have seen. In the omission of Plutarch, 
we agree generally with Mr. Felton. In his preference of the 
Anabasis and Hellenica to the mere Cyropedia, we are quite 
with him. We prefer his passage of Thucydides to those in 
common use, the Plague and the Speech of Pericles, which are 
too difficult for any youthful readers ; and we greatly applaud 
his admission of'a specimen of Greek oratory to this goodly array 
of sages and historians. 

It is, however, in his poetical selections, that Professor Felton 
has differed the most widely from former selectors, and done 
himself most honor in the difference. He has here shown that 
he is not a mere book-worm, a decliner of nouns and conjuga- 
tor of verbs, but a man of taste and fancy, ofa spirit thoroughly 
imbued with the spir7/ of old classic poetry—who, if he has 


neither “steeped his lips in the fountain of the horse, nor slum-- 


bered on the twain-topped Parnassus,” has, at least, bathed his 
soul in the rich streams that have flowed thence, and risen frem 
his bath full of high tastes ‘and. glorious sentiments, and keen 
appreciations of all beauty caught from the godlike contact 

He commences with a selection from the dyssey—Ulysses 
and Polyphemus—a beautiful one, it is true; but hy from the 
Odyssey, Professor Felton? Why not pans the great glowing 
Iiliad, so singularly set aside by all compilers of Greek Read- 
ers? Then we have some sweet odes of Anacreon and Sap- Ὁ 


pho’s Venus; then that most lovely lyric of all ages, the Dana 


and Perseus of Simonides, the untranslated, untranslat le, 


though hundreds have tried their hands at it; and»then thes 


magnificent war-song of Callistratus, “Ina mele branch my 
sword will I bear.” After these, we have a long extract from 
the Hecuba of Euripides, the noblest, in our estimation, of all 
his lyrics, with the one exception of that in the Iphigenia at 
Aulis, which we wish he could have found room to insert; 
another from the Orestes of the same author, highly character- 


ἘΠΕ ΠΝ 


its 


8 SOPHOCLES’ AND FELTON’S 


istic of the poet, and of considerable intrinsic, value. A portion 
of the Plutus of Aristophanes follows. 

The notes which follow are chiefly distinguished by a brief 
preamble to each extract, giving a slight notice of the writer’s 
life, character, and style; and discussing shortly, but with a 
master’s hand, the characteristic beauties or peculiarities of his 
composition and manner. Several of these preambles possess 
a very high degree of excellence in a literary point of view; 
are themselves not only very instructive, but full of feeling and 
poetry, and evince clearly how much the mind of the editor was 

Ἄ with his subject.— New York Quarterly Review. 


Ons little volume which finds its way into the list at the head 
of this article, may perhaps be specially singled out, as it does 
not fall into the same class with therest. This is Felton’s Greek 
Reader, which is one of the best and completest school books 
we have ever seén, containing in one short volume a course of 
reading, in prose and verse, from AXsop and Anacreon, to Thu- 
cydides and Aristophanes. Like the editions we have just de- 
scribed, it is illustrated’ by notes and historical explanations, 
and concludes with a Lexicon of all the words, so that the stu- 
dent may use it with no other book but his grammar. Itresem- 
bles the collection of Professor Dalzell, being at the same time 
more condensed in form. We -onatimenn it to the considera- 

* ton of our own school authorities, ohly counselling them to take 
advice with Prof. Felton himself, and re-print it honestly, if they 
re-print it at all=Zondon Examiner. 

ἫΝ ΝΜ 2. 


ie ἣν γὺ 
᾿ 


ὮΝ “> ᾿ ν : 
Ϊ ἐ"- GREEK EXERCISES AND KEY, with an Eng- 


Pravin | lish and Greek Vocabulary, adapted to Sophocles’ Greek 
—- 2, Grammar. ΡΡ. 195,12mo. By E. A. Sophocles, A. M. 
author of |‘ Greek Grammar’ and ‘ Greek Lessons.” 


Second edition. Stereotyped. 


The design of the present work is to furnish the learner with 
a series of exercises adapted to the rules of the Author’s Greek 
Grammar. Grammatical rules can be perfectly understood and 
fixed in the memory only by means of such exercises. Mere 


GREEK Tae BOOKS. 9 


translation will never form accomplished scholars in any lan- 
guage. In order to become well acquainted with the structure 
of a language, we must practice writing it. This work affords 
the learner important facilities in his first attempts to write the 
Greek. It presents him with a series of exercises grammatically 
arranged, and a vocabulary, in which he can readily find the 
words to be employed. Α Vocabulary like this, in English and 
Greek, we do not recollect to have seen annexed to any similar 
work. A part of the edition, we observe, contains a Key for the 
use of instructors, which will doubtless serve greatly to facilitate 
and lighten their labor. —Conneclicut Courant. 


New Scuoont Boox.—In another column will be found an 
advertisement of the excellent school-books introductory to the 
study of the Greek language by Messrs. Sophocles and Felton. 
Of these works we have already spoken, excepting the “ Greek 
Exercises” by Mr. Sophocles, which has just been issued from 
the press. This appears to us to form a very valuable addition 
to the list. It differs from other books of Latin and Greek Ex- 
ercises, in at least one important respect, viz., that after a suffi- 
cient series of exercises in which the words are given, the pupil 
is left to select the words, as well as to inflect and arrange them 
properly. To furnish the means of doing this, an English-Greek 
vocabulary is subjoined to the exercises; and this part of the 
volume will be highly valued, as it supplies a want which has 
long been felt, and as it has been prepared by a scholar whoyii 
fitness for cen a task, has no superior in our country. We | 
commend the “ Greek Exercises” to the notice of instructors— =~ 
Philadelphia North American. wh , 


Extracts from Letters written to the Publisher by Professors Sturges and Butler. 4 . 
Hanover College, Hanover Indiana, August Oth. es . 

Mr. H. Hountineron, I δε 
Dear Sir:—Subsequent and more thorough examination o 
Felton and Sophocles’ series of Greek books has only confirmes 
my opinion of their very great merit. I hope Mr. δ΄. will ΤΠ 


Ἐν 
his design of enlarging his First Lessons, at least by adding 7." »" 
more reading matter, so as to make a more complete introduc-_ - 
tion to the Reader; in other respects, it seems excellent. “I am, nt 
not sure but the Exercises, (which has lately fallen into α 
hands,) is the best of the set, however; it is certainly an im- * 
mense improvement on all preceding works. The rules and” 

om ad * 


a F i 

ῳ “ah, 
10. SOPHOCLES’ a FELTON’S 
a 


examples i in the first part are far superior to any to be met with 
elsewhere, and the admirable praxis in Greek composition and 
vocabulary are novelties in a work of this kind. Certainly no 
reason can be assigned why composi/ion should not be tried in 
the Greek language as well as in the Latin, in which its utility 
is acknowled ged by all. In short, these works must be ranked 
with the Hatin series of Prof. Andrews, (no mean praise) and 
will certainly mark an era in Greek study in this country, as 
those have done in Latin. Yours truly, 
M. STURGES, 
Prof. of Languages Hanover College, Indiana. 


Louisville, July 10th. 
Mr. Hountineron: | 
Prof. Sturges has requested me to give my opinion of the 
series of Greek books which you have published. 1 do this with 
the greatest pleasure, as I consider these books as forming the 
best introduction I have ever seen, to that noble language. I 
think improvements may be made in the “ First Lessons” and 
the Lexicon i is defective. The best evidence of my good opin- 

ion is, that I intend to introduce them among my students. 
NOBLE BUTLER, 
Prof. of Languages, Louisville College, Kentucky. 


IN PRESS, 
. ἐξ And will be published about the Ist of October, in one ΕΣ 8vo. 
, ἘΠ ee A COMPLETE 
> 
" Py GREEK "AND ENGLISH LEXICON, 
de, ἥν. ea ‘OF THE POEMS OF 


ei Ἢ HOMER AND THE HOMERIDSA. 


_ Composed with constant reference to the illustration of the 
domestic, religious, political and military condition of 
Ἢ ‘the Heroic age, and containing an explanation of the 
Fi difficult passages, and of all mythological and geographi- 
a eal) proper names. 


From the German of 


at G. CH. CRUSIUS. 
~ =. ὰ TRANSLATED AND REVISED 
- : BY HENRY SMITH, 
©, Professor of Greek in Marietta College. 
Ἢ νῷν 
eye 


Ree 


il 


The following extracts f from Letters to Prof. Smith show the estimation in which 
the Lexic 1 of Crusius is held by Prof. Woolsey of Yale College, ‘Prof. Felton of 


New Haven, April 7th, 1841. 
Pror. Henry Snir, 

Dear Sir :— You did me yesterday the favor to leave with me, for exami- 
nation, the Homeric Lexicon of Crusius, and your translation of the 
same, which you stated to be only the first copy and to need revision ‘ae 
before it should be put to the press. As far as time allowed me, I exam- 
ined Crusius, selecting such words, as, owing to their importance or their 
difficulty, would test the manner in which he has executed his task. So 
far as I am able to judge, he has made a good school Lexicon, fitted for 
practical purposes ;—on the one hand, possessing that brevity which a 
school Lexicon needs; and on the other, entering into theinterpretation 
of all the difficult places fn the Homeric poems, and when the best schol- 
ars differ in their explanations of a passage, not omitting any explanation 
which is atall tenable. I think, therefore, that it will be useful and . 
desirable to bring this Lexicon before the American public, and wr 
bookseller who should undertake it, would probably meet with encoura- 
ging sales in many of our Colleges and higher schools. 

I have examined your translation of the preface and of parts of the 
Lexicon in the letters A and E, and think it fortunate that this task is 
undertaken by one who seems to have so good a knuwledge of German, 
and to have the power of putting the German into appropriate English. 

In conclusion, I express the hope that you will go forward and print. 
this work. Ifany should object to a Lexicon fora particular author, 


> 


4 


_ they should recollect that there is no accessible Lexicon from which our. 


young students can draw sure and full information about the words in 
Homer; and the Epic style being as distinct from that of Attic prose, > 
or even of Attic poetry, as the style of Chaucer from that of our time, 
certainly has some good claim to be treated as a separate dialect. With 
this Lexicon and the simple text, the student may supersede the use of: 
commentaries. Inthe Odyssey, which we now study in this College, 
such a Lexicon would be particularly valuable, because there is no com- 
mentary with which the student can provide himself. ἴα 


I am, Dear Sir, truly Yours, 


THEODORE D. WOOLSEY. ἼΜΕΝ 
ie - so as 

a ὲ > « . a lL eg 

wf ὅδ, 

: ¢ * 

5 a 
be 
ἢ he 


& 


12 


Pror. Situ, 


Dear Sir:—I have examined your mannseript fifnslation of the He 
meric Lexicon by Crusius, with as much attention as the fF ale 
have had it in my hands allowed. T'hé original work was an invaluable 
contribution to the resources of classical students who were acquainted 
with the German language. Mr. Crusius is distinguished for his philo- 
logical attainments, and particularly for his profound knowledge of the _ 

Homeric poetry, as his elaborate edition of the Odyssey, published in 
ΕἼ 1837-39, abundantly manifests. * 
Your translation of the Homeric Lexicon, I am confident, will be a 
most acceptable work.to the classical agholave of the United Siater: It 
~ willrender very important aid, both to teachers and pupils, in the study 
of these great poems which have exercised so wonderful an influence upon 
the minds and hearts of men, and which continue to form the tastes and 
warm the imaginations of ἣν young in the present age as they did i in 
“Athens twenty-five centuries ago. 
I have compared as many articles as the time permitted, with the 
᾿ς original, and I do not hesitate to say, that in my opinion you have been 
᾿ singularly successful in translating the German into felicitous English. 
You will certainly be entitled to the thanks of the literary public for hav- 
ing accomplished so well a most difficult and laborious as well as impor- 
tant undertaking. 

I hope your work will be published in such a fotea as its high character 
deserves. There is no doubt in my mind that it will at once take its 
place among the most useful and distinguished classical works that have 
appeared in the United States. With great respect, Yours, 

ae : - C.C, FELTON. 


I fully agree with Prof. Felton’s opinion of the merits of the Homeric 
Lexicon of Crusius, and of the importance of the publication of Prof. 
Smith’s translation to the American student of Homer. 


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